在CentOS7中默认使用NetworkManager守护进程来监控和管理网络设置。nmcli是命令行的NetworkManager工具，会自动把配置写到/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/目录下面。
NetworkManager最初由 Redhat 公司开发，现在由 GNOME 管理。
CentOS7之前的网络管理是通过ifcfg文件配置管理接口(device)，而现在是通过NetworkManager服务管理连接(connection)。一个接口(device)可以有多个连接(connection)，但是同时只允许一个连接(connection)处于激活（active）状态。
简单理解就是，一个连接就是(connection)就是/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/目录下的一个配置文件，接口(device)是物理设备，一个物理设置可以拥有多个配置文件，但只能有一个配置文件属于使用(active)状态；配置文件的生成与使用状态均由NetworkManager控制。
当然，依旧支持ifcfg文件配置管理网络，但不推荐。
命令学习
查看帮助
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[root@karate ~]# nmcli -h
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Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
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OPTIONS
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-t[erse] terse output
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-p[retty] pretty output
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-m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode
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-f[ields] |all|common specify fields to output
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-e[scape] yes|no escape columns separators in values
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-n[ocheck] don't check nmcli and NetworkManager versions
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-a[sk] ask for missing parameters
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-w[ait] set timeout waiting for finishing operations
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-v[ersion] show program version
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-h[elp] print this help
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OBJECT
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g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations
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n[etworking] overall networking control
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r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches
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c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections
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d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager
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a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent
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有六个OBJECT，常用的有connection，device，general查看它们的帮助
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[root@karate ~]# nmcli c -h
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Usage: nmcli connection { COMMAND | help }
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COMMAND := { show | up | down | add | modify | edit | delete | reload | load }
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show [--active] [[--show-secrets] [id | uuid | path | apath]
<ID>] ...
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up [[id | uuid | path]
<ID>] [ifname
<ifname>] [ap
<BSSID>] [passwd-file
<file with passwords>]
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down [id | uuid | path | apath]
<ID> ...
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add COMMON_OPTIONS TYPE_SPECIFIC_OPTIONS IP_OPTIONS
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modify [--temporary] [id | uuid | path]
<ID> ([+|-]
<setting>.
<property>
<value>)+
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edit [id | uuid | path]
<ID>
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edit [type
<new_con_type>] [con-name
<new_con_name>]
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delete [id | uuid | path]
<ID>
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reload
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load
<filename> [
<filename>... ]
常用命令
查看接口设备信息
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# 简单信息
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nmcli device status
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# 详细的接口信息
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nmcli device show
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# 接口的详细信息
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nmcli device show interface-name
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查看连接(connection)的信息
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# 简单信息
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nmcli connection show
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# 详细的连接信息
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nmcli connection show
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# 某个连接的详细信息
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nmcli connection show connection-name
启动和停止接口
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nmcli connection down connection-name
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nmcli connection up connection-name
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nmcli device disconnect interface-name
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nmcli device connect interface-name
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建议使用 nmcli dev disconnect interface-name 命令，而不是 nmcli con down connection-name 命令，因为连接断开可将该接口放到“手动”模式，这样做用户让 NetworkManager 启动某个连接前，或发生外部事件（比如载波变化、休眠或睡眠）前，不会启动任何自动连接。
创建连接
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nmcli connection add
type ethernet con-name connection-name ifname interface-name
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nmcli connection add
type ethernet con-name connection-name ifname interface-name ip4 address gw4 address
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## e.g. 创建一个基于eth1接口的连接
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# 创建动态连接，即BOOTPROTO默认为DHCP
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[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli c add type eth con-name dynamic-eth1 ifname eth1
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Connection
'dynamic-eth1' (9c0ad8a9-21f6-40b5-9313-e5c7e4b356f1) successfully added.
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# 创建静态连接
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[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection add type eth con-name static-eth1 ifname eth1 ip4 172.16.60.10/24
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# nmcli connection add type eth con-name static-eth1 ifname eth1 ip4 172.16.60.10/24 gw4 192.168.60.1
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Connection
'static-eth1' (0640bf7f-9490-44a8-be96-2e710fb650e6) successfully added.
创建连接后，NetworkManager 自动将 connection.autoconnect 设定为 yes。还会将设置保存到 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ connection-name 文件中，且自动将 ONBOOT 参数设定为 yes。
激活连接
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nmcli connection up connection-name
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## e.g. 激活eth1接口的static-eth1连接
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c up static-eth1
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Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
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修改连接的IP地址
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# 可修改的属性可通过以下命令查看
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nmcli c show static-eth1
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# 修改命令
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nmcli connection modify [--temporary] [id | uuid | path] ([+|-]. )+
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## e.g. 修改连接static-eth1的ip地址
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[root@localhost ~]# ip addr | grep eth1
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4: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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inet 172.16.60.10/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth1
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c mod static-eth1 ipv4.addr 172.16.60.20/24
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c up static-eth1
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Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3)
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[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep eth1
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4: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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inet 172.16.60.20/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global eth1
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配置连接的DNS
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# 设定单个DNS
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nmcli connection modify static-eth1 ipv4.dns DNS1
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# 设定多个DNS
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nmcli connection modify static-eth1 ipv4.dns "DNS1 DNS2"
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# 以上命令会替换之前的DNS设置
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# 添加某个连接的DNS，需要使用前缀“+”
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nmcli connection modify static-eth1 +ipv4.dns DNS3
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## e.g. 配置static-eth1连接的DNS
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[root@localhost ~]# grep DNS /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static-eth1
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IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c mod static-eth1 ipv4.dns "114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5"
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# 修改连接后，需要重新激活
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c up static-eth1
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Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
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[root@localhost ~]# grep DNS /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static-eth1
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DNS1=114.114.114.114
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DNS2=223.5.5.5
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IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
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# 新增DNS
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c mod static-eth1 +ipv4.dns 223.5.5.6
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c up static-eth1
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Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)
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[root@localhost ~]# grep DNS /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static-eth1
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DNS1=114.114.114.114
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DNS2=223.5.5.5
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DNS3=223.5.5.6
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IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
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设置主机名
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# 查询当前主机名
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nmcli general hostname
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# 更改主机名
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nmcli general hostname my-hostname
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# 重启hostnamed服务
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systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed
CentOS7下的主机名管理是基于系统服务systemd-hostnamed，服务自身提供了hostnamectl命令用于修改主机名，推荐这种方式进行修改；
使用nmcli命令更改主机名时，systemd-hostnamed服务并不知晓 /etc/hostname 文件被修改，因此需要重启服务去读取配置；
命令交互模式
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nmcli con edit
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# Valid connection types: generic, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), pppoe, 802-11-wireless (wifi), wimax, gsm, cdma, infiniband, adsl, bluetooth, , 802-11-olpc-mesh (olpc-mesh), vlan, bond, team, bridge, bond-slave, team-slave, bridge-slave
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# 也可以直接指定connection-name进行交互修改
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# 还是非交互配置方便
接口绑定(interface bonding)
CentOS7下新增了一种特性team，用于取代bond。
接口绑定步骤是：创建一个组接口(Team interface), 创建一个接口连接，指定网卡接口(device)到组接口里
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nmcli connection add type team con-name connection-name ifname interface-name [config JSON]
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# JSON 指定所使用的处理器(runner)。JSON语法 '{"runner":{"name":"METHOD"}}'
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# METHOD可以是：broadcast、activebackup、roundrobin、loadbalance 或者 lacp
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nmcli connection add type team-slave con-name connection-name ifname interface-name master team-name
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## e.g. 创建组接口team0，并把eth1和eth2加入其中，网段为192.168.233.0/24
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli d status
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DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
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eth0 ethernet connected eth0
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eth1 ethernet connected Wired connection 1
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eth2 ethernet connected Wired connection 2
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lo loopback unmanaged --
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c show
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NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
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Wired connection 2 34494b9d-f056-4f30-841c-7e6fad3b73d0 802-3-ethernet eth2
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Wired connection 1 b7ca472c-67f7-4885-ba3b-1b572d3e0d40 802-3-ethernet eth1
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eth0 54bd03bd-1300-409b-974f-d98ed3bb8891 802-3-ethernet eth0
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c del "Wired connection 2"
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c del "Wired connection 1"
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c show
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NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
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eth0 54bd03bd-1300-409b-974f-d98ed3bb8891 802-3-ethernet eth0
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli d status
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DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
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eth0 ethernet connected eth0
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eth1 ethernet disconnected --
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eth2 ethernet disconnected --
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lo loopback unmanaged --
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# 创建组接口，并分配ip地址
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}' ip4 192.168.233.10/24 gw4 192.168.233.2
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Connection 'team0' (4e75c1da-6ce5-4cbc-85fe-da5aa289b7d8) successfully added.
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c mod team0 ipv4.dns "114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5"
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c show
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NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
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eth0 54bd03bd-1300-409b-974f-d98ed3bb8891 802-3-ethernet eth0
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team0 4e75c1da-6ce5-4cbc-85fe-da5aa289b7d8 team team0
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# 将网卡接口加入到组接口中
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c add type team-slave ifname eth1 master team0
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Connection 'team-slave-eth1' (3ef0011b-6b69-4dfb-998b-13bf3d729c9c) successfully added.
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c add type team-slave ifname eth2 master team0
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Connection 'team-slave-eth2' (fe3fc939-dbff-485e-aef6-9fbf9f807926) successfully added.
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# 启动组接口
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c up team0
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Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
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# 查看 team0 当前活动的端口，活动端口基于接口的连接
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[root@localhost ~]# teamnl team0 ports
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4: eth2: up 1000Mbit FD
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3: eth1: up 1000Mbit FD
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli d status
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DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
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eth0 ethernet connected eth0
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eth1 ethernet connected team-slave-eth1
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eth2 ethernet connected team-slave-eth2
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team0 team connected team0
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lo loopback unmanaged --
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c show
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NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
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eth0 54bd03bd-1300-409b-974f-d98ed3bb8891 802-3-ethernet eth0
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team-slave-eth2 fe3fc939-dbff-485e-aef6-9fbf9f807926 802-3-ethernet eth2
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team-slave-eth1 3ef0011b-6b69-4dfb-998b-13bf3d729c9c 802-3-ethernet eth1
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team0 4e75c1da-6ce5-4cbc-85fe-da5aa289b7d8 team team0
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[root@localhost ~]# ip a s team0
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5: team0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
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link/ether 00:0c:29:d0:a2:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.233.10/24 brd 192.168.233.255 scope global team0
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed0:a277/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 state
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setup:
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runner: activebackup
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ports:
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eth2
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link watches:
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link summary: up
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instance[link_watch_0]:
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name: ethtool
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link: up
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eth1
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link watches:
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link summary: up
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instance[link_watch_0]:
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name: ethtool
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link: up
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runner:
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active port: eth1
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c show team0
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connection.id: team0
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connection.uuid: 4e75c1da-6ce5-4cbc-85fe-da5aa289b7d8
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connection.interface-name: team0
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connection.type: team
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connection.autoconnect: yes
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connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
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connection.timestamp: 1464621245
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connection.read-only: no
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connection.permissions:
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connection.zone: --
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connection.master: --
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connection.slave-type: --
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connection.secondaries:
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connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0
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ipv4.method: manual
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ipv4.dns: 114.114.114.114,223.5.5.5
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ipv4.dns-search:
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ipv4.addresses: 192.168.233.10/24
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ipv4.gateway: 192.168.233.2
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ipv4.routes:
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ipv4.route-metric: -1
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ipv4.ignore-auto-routes: no
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ipv4.ignore-auto-dns: no
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ipv4.dhcp-client-id: --
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ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname: yes
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ipv4.dhcp-hostname: --
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ipv4.never-default: no
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ipv4.may-fail: yes
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ipv6.method: auto
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ipv6.dns:
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ipv6.dns-search:
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ipv6.addresses:
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ipv6.gateway: --
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ipv6.routes:
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ipv6.route-metric: -1
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ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no
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ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no
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ipv6.never-default: no
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ipv6.may-fail: yes
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ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown)
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ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes
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ipv6.dhcp-hostname: --
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team.config: {"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}
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GENERAL.NAME: team0
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GENERAL.UUID: 4e75c1da-6ce5-4cbc-85fe-da5aa289b7d8
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GENERAL.DEVICES: team0
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GENERAL.STATE: activated
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GENERAL.DEFAULT: no
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GENERAL.DEFAULT6: no
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GENERAL.VPN: no
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GENERAL.ZONE: --
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GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6
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GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/3
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GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT: /
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GENERAL.MASTER-PATH: --
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IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.233.10/24
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IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.233.2
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IP4.DNS[1]: 114.114.114.114
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IP4.DNS[2]: 223.5.5.5
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IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fed0:a277/64
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测试的话，可以开个ping窗口持续ping，然后禁用team0组中的eth2；理论上ping包是不会丢失的。
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# 关闭eth2网卡，看ping状态
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli d dis eth2
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Device 'eth2' successfully disconnected.
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[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 state
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setup:
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runner: activebackup
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ports:
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eth1
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link watches:
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link summary: up
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instance[link_watch_0]:
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name: ethtool
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link: up
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runner:
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active port: eth1
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli d con eth2
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Device 'eth2' successfully activated with 'fe3fc939-dbff-485e-aef6-9fbf9f807926'.
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[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 state
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setup:
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runner: activebackup
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ports:
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eth1
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link watches:
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link summary: up
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instance[link_watch_0]:
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name: ethtool
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link: up
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eth2
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link watches:
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link summary: up
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instance[link_watch_0]:
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name: ethtool
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link: up
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runner:
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active port: eth1
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[root@localhost ~]# teamnl team0 options
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queue_id (port:eth2) 0
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priority (port:eth2) 0
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user_linkup_enabled (port:eth2) false
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user_linkup (port:eth2) true
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enabled (port:eth2) false
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queue_id (port:eth1) 0
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priority (port:eth1) 0
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user_linkup_enabled (port:eth1) false
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user_linkup (port:eth1) true
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enabled (port:eth1) true
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activeport 3
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mcast_rejoin_interval 0
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mcast_rejoin_count 1
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notify_peers_interval 0
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notify_peers_count 1
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mode activebackup
作者：无限小BUG
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5d5560e9e26a
來源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。