【python】制作一个串口工具（上）！
串口叫做串行接口，也称串行通信接口，按电气标准及协议来分包括RS-232-C、RS-422、RS485、USB等。 RS-232-C、RS-422与RS-485标准只对接口的电气特性做出规定，不涉及接插件、电缆或协议。USB是近几年发展起来的新型接口标准，主要应用于高速数据传输领域。
工作中，经常要用到串口来做数据的读写，今天我们来自己做一个串口工具，这一节，我们先把基础的框架先搭建好。
一.环境配置
1.这边我就直接使用的 Qt Designer 来设计串口界面的布局。
（1）先来制作我们串口的端口选择，以及波特率，串口的开关等：
这边用到了groupBox、label、comboBox、pushButton几个控件。
（2）接下来制作我们的串口高级设置部分：
（3）然后就是串口数据发送部分：
这边做了两种，ASCII、HEX类型。
（4）包括数据发送、接收文本框：
（6）工具栏制作：
包括了，文件、设置、帮助、退出四个功能。
（7）最终布局如下：
2.生成对应的 .py 文件
附源码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'Serial_.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.7
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(914, 672)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.groupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
self.groupBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 321, 161))
self.groupBox.setObjectName("groupBox")
self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox)
self.comboBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 30, 161, 22))
self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")
self.comboBox.addItem("")
self.label_23 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)
self.label_23.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 30, 91, 21))
self.label_23.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_23.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_23.setObjectName("label_23")
self.label_24 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)
self.label_24.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 70, 91, 21))
self.label_24.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_24.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_24.setObjectName("label_24")
self.comboBox_3 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox)
self.comboBox_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 70, 161, 22))
self.comboBox_3.setObjectName("comboBox_3")
self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 120, 121, 31))
self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
self.groupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
self.groupBox_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 200, 321, 291))
self.groupBox_2.setObjectName("groupBox_2")
self.comboBox_4 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
self.comboBox_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 30, 69, 22))
self.comboBox_4.setObjectName("comboBox_4")
self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
self.label_25 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
self.label_25.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 30, 91, 21))
self.label_25.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_25.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_25.setObjectName("label_25")
self.label_26 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
self.label_26.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 70, 91, 21))
self.label_26.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_26.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_26.setObjectName("label_26")
self.comboBox_5 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
self.comboBox_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 70, 69, 22))
self.comboBox_5.setObjectName("comboBox_5")
self.comboBox_5.addItem("")
self.comboBox_5.addItem("")
self.label_27 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
self.label_27.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 110, 91, 21))
self.label_27.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_27.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_27.setObjectName("label_27")
self.comboBox_6 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
self.comboBox_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 110, 69, 22))
self.comboBox_6.setObjectName("comboBox_6")
self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
self.label_28 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
self.label_28.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 150, 91, 21))
self.label_28.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_28.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_28.setObjectName("label_28")
self.comboBox_7 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
self.comboBox_7.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 150, 81, 22))
self.comboBox_7.setObjectName("comboBox_7")
self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
self.label_29 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
self.label_29.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 190, 201, 21))
self.label_29.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
self.label_29.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_29.setObjectName("label_29")
self.comboBox_8 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
self.comboBox_8.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 190, 81, 22))
self.comboBox_8.setObjectName("comboBox_8")
self.comboBox_8.addItem("")
self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox_2)
self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(50, 230, 201, 31))
self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
self.label_30 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
self.label_30.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(270, 230, 31, 31))
self.label_30.setStyleSheet("border-image: url(:/BACK/107zi.jpg);")
self.label_30.setText("")
self.label_30.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_30.setObjectName("label_30")
self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(380, 30, 521, 341))
self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
self.groupBox_3 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
self.groupBox_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 500, 321, 91))
self.groupBox_3.setObjectName("groupBox_3")
self.radioButton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton(self.groupBox_3)
self.radioButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 89, 16))
self.radioButton.setObjectName("radioButton")
self.radioButton_2 = QtWidgets.QRadioButton(self.groupBox_3)
self.radioButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 20, 89, 16))
self.radioButton_2.setObjectName("radioButton_2")
self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox_3)
self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 50, 75, 23))
self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox_3)
self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 50, 75, 23))
self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(380, 390, 521, 201))
self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 914, 23))
self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.toolBar = QtWidgets.QToolBar(MainWindow)
self.toolBar.setObjectName("toolBar")
MainWindow.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea, self.toolBar)
self.action = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
icon = QtGui.QIcon()
icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/file.jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
self.action.setIcon(icon)
self.action.setObjectName("action")
self.action_2 = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
icon1 = QtGui.QIcon()
icon1.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/set.jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
self.action_2.setIcon(icon1)
self.action_2.setObjectName("action_2")
self.action_3 = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
icon2 = QtGui.QIcon()
icon2.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/help.jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
self.action_3.setIcon(icon2)
self.action_3.setObjectName("action_3")
self.action_4 = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
icon3 = QtGui.QIcon()
icon3.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/quit(1).jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
self.action_4.setIcon(icon3)
self.action_4.setObjectName("action_4")
self.toolBar.addAction(self.action)
self.toolBar.addAction(self.action_2)
self.toolBar.addAction(self.action_3)
self.toolBar.addAction(self.action_4)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "串口工具v1.0"))
self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Basic Serial settings"))
self.comboBox.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "Choose at session start"))
self.label_23.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Serial port："))
self.label_24.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Speed (bps)："))
self.comboBox_3.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "115200"))
self.comboBox_3.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "1200"))
self.comboBox_3.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "2400"))
self.comboBox_3.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "9600"))
self.comboBox_3.setItemText(4, _translate("MainWindow", "新建项目"))
self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open Serial"))
self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Advanced Serial settings"))
self.comboBox_4.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "8"))
self.comboBox_4.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "7"))
self.comboBox_4.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "6"))
self.comboBox_4.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "5"))
self.label_25.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Data bits："))
self.label_26.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Stop bits："))
self.comboBox_5.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "1"))
self.comboBox_5.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "2"))
self.label_27.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Parity："))
self.comboBox_6.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "None"))
self.comboBox_6.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "Odd"))
self.comboBox_6.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "Even"))
self.comboBox_6.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "Mark"))
self.comboBox_6.setItemText(4, _translate("MainWindow", "Space"))
self.label_28.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Flow control："))
self.comboBox_7.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "Xon/Xoff"))
self.comboBox_7.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "None"))
self.comboBox_7.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "Dsr/Dtr"))
self.comboBox_7.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "Rts/Cts"))
self.label_29.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "execute macro as session start："))
self.comboBox_8.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "None"))
self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Reset defaults"))
self.groupBox_3.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Serial Send settings"))
self.radioButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "ASCII"))
self.radioButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "HEX"))
self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "清除发送"))
self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "发送数据"))
self.toolBar.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "toolBar"))
self.action.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件"))
self.action_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "设置"))
self.action_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "帮助"))
self.action_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "退出"))
import TUTU_rc
3.主文件代码如下：
import os
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
import time
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports as serials
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
import Serial_
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
MainWindow = QMainWindow()
ui = Serial_.Ui_MainWindow()
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
MainWindow.show()##显示
sys.exit(app.exec_())##退出界面二.总结
这一篇先说基础框架的制作，下一期来说说如何功能的实现。
下一篇：【python】制作一个串口工具（下）！_==PP的博客-CSDN博客
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