go的基本操作

现在go是越来越火，大有赶超python之势。
熟悉python,学go基本语法还是很简单的，就是有些复杂一点的操作要牢记。

但是当打算用golang写的时候才发现相对来说还是python的那种方式用的更加顺手，习惯golang的用法之后也就差别不大了，下面主要整理了常用的通过golang发起的GET请求以及POST请求的代码例子

//基本的GET请求
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    resp,err :=http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err :=ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(body)
    fmt.Println(resp.StatusCode)
    if resp.StatusCode == 200{
        fmt.Println("ok")
    }
}

带参数

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main(){
    resp, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhaofan&age=23")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))

}

但是如果我们想要把一些参数做成变量而不是直接放到url中怎么操作，代码例子如下：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main(){
    params := url.Values{}
    Url, err := url.Parse("http://httpbin.org/get")
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    params.Set("name","zhaofan")
    params.Set("age","23")
    //如果参数中有中文参数,这个方法会进行URLEncode
    Url.RawQuery = params.Encode()
    urlPath := Url.String()
    fmt.Println(urlPath) // https://httpbin.org/get?age=23&name=zhaofan
    resp,err := http.Get(urlPath)
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

解析JSON类型的返回结果

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

type result struct {
    Args    string            `json:"args"`
    Headers map[string]string `json:"headers"`
    Origin  string            `json:"origin"`
    Url     string            `json:"url"`
}

func main() {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get")
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
    var res result
    _ = json.Unmarshal(body, &res)
    fmt.Printf("%#v", res)
}

GET请求添加请求头

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    client := &http.Client{}
    req,_ := http.NewRequest("GET","http://httpbin.org/get",nil)
    req.Header.Add("name","zhaofan")
    req.Header.Add("age","3")
    resp,_ := client.Do(req)
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Printf(string(body))
}

基本的POST使用

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    urlValues := url.Values{}
    urlValues.Add("name","zhaofan")
    urlValues.Add("age","22")
    resp, _ := http.PostForm("http://httpbin.org/post",urlValues)
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

另一种方式：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    urlValues := url.Values{
        "name":{"zhaofan"},
        "age":{"23"},
    }
    reqBody:= urlValues.Encode()
    resp, _ := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post", "text/html",strings.NewReader(reqBody))
    body,_:= ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

发送JSON数据的post请求

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    client := &http.Client{}
    data := make(map[string]interface{})
    data["name"] = "zhaofan"
    data["age"] = "23"
    bytesData, _ := json.Marshal(data)
    req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST","http://httpbin.org/post",bytes.NewReader(bytesData))
    resp, _ := client.Do(req)
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))

}

不用client的post请求

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    data := make(map[string]interface{})
    data["name"] = "zhaofan"
    data["age"] = "23"
    bytesData, _ := json.Marshal(data)
    resp, _ := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post","application/json", bytes.NewReader(bytesData))
    body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

可以看出，go处理json时，都需要各种转换，不像python直接一个dict就好了。
python用得多，很多库都很熟悉，go的库没有那么熟悉，用多了也就好了。
从python到go过度，应该会很平滑。