mysql 日期时间处理函数
- ADDDATE(date,interval expr unit)，ADDDATE(expr,days) --- 添加时间值（时区）为日期值,其为DATE_ADD()的别名
DATA_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr unit)、DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr unit)
这些函数进行时间运算；date参数指定开始日期的日期或日期时间值，expr是一个表达式指定要添加或减去的值的间隔的开始日期
unit Value |
Expected expr Format |
MICROSECOND |
MICROSECONDS |
SECOND |
SECONDS |
MINUTE |
MINUTES |
HOUR |
HOURS |
DAY |
DAYS |
WEEK |
WEEKS |
MONTH |
MONTHS |
QUARTER |
QUARTERS |
YEAR |
YEARS |
SECOND_MICROSECOND |
'SECONDS.MICROSECONDS' |
MINUTE_MICROSECOND |
'MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS' |
MINUTE_SECOND |
'MINUTES:SECONDS' |
HOUR_MICROSECOND |
'HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS' |
HOUR_SECOND |
'HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS' |
HOUR_MINUTE |
'HOURS:MINUTES' |
DAY_MICROSECOND |
'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.MICROSECONDS' |
DAY_SECOND |
'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS' |
DAY_MINUTE |
'DAYS HOURS:MINUTES' |
DAY_HOUR |
'DAYS HOURS' |
YEAR_MONTH |
'YEARS-MONTHS' |
也可以写作
date + INTERVAL expr unit date - INTERVAL expr unit
mysql> select '2008-1-31' + interval 1 month; +--------------------------------+ | '2008-1-31' + interval 1 month | +--------------------------------+ | 2008-02-29 | +--------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select date_add('2008-1-31',interval 1 month); +----------------------------------------+ | date_add('2008-1-31',interval 1 month) | +----------------------------------------+ | 2008-02-29 | +----------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
获取一天的开始和最后的时间
mysql> select '2015-4-4 0:0:0' + interval 1 day - interval 1 second; +-------------------------------------------------------+ | '2015-4-4 0:0:0' + interval 1 day - interval 1 second | +-------------------------------------------------------+ | 2015-04-04 23:59:59 | +-------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ADDTIME(expr1,expr2) --- 增加expr2到expr1上并返回结果；expr1 是一个时间或者日期时间表达式，expr2为一个时间表达式
mysql> SELECT ADDTIME('2007-12-31 23:59:59.999999', '1 1:1:1.000002'); -> '2008-01-02 01:01:01.000001' mysql> SELECT ADDTIME('01:00:00.999999', '02:00:00.999998'); -> '03:00:01.999997'
- CONVERT_TZ() Convert from one timezone to another
- CURDATE() --- 返回当前的日期 YYYY-MM-DD，
mysql> select curdate(); +------------+ | curdate() | +------------+ | 2015-04-03 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select curdate() + 0; +---------------+ | curdate() + 0 | +---------------+ | 20150403 | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- CURRENT_DATE(), CURRENT_DATE ---- CURDATE() 的别名
- CURRENT_TIME(), CURRENT_TIME --- CURTIME()的别名
- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP --- NOW()的别名
- CURTIME() --- 返回当前的时间
mysql> select curtime(); +-----------+ | curtime() | +-----------+ | 14:06:30 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select curtime() + 0; +---------------+ | curtime() + 0 | +---------------+ | 140641.000000 | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- DATE_ADD() Add time values (intervals) to a date value
- DATE_FORMAT(date,format) 根据格式化字符串 格式化日期
格式字符串中可以使用 '%' 说明符
常用的：
%a -- 星期几的缩写 (Sun..Sat)
%b -- 月份的缩写 (Jan...Dec)
%c -- 月份 (0--12)
%D -- 天数 加上了英文后缀 (0th,1sh...)
%d,%e -- 月份中的天数 (0-31)
%H -- 24小时制 (00- 23)
%h,%I -- 12小时制 （00-12）
%i -- 分钟 (00-59)
%M -- 月份 (january,december)
%m -- 月份 (00-12)
%S,%s -- 秒 (00-59)
%Y -- 年 4位
%y -- 年 2位
mysql> select date_format(now(),'%Y/%m/%d %H:%m:%s'); +----------------------------------------+ | date_format(now(),'%Y/%m/%d %H:%m:%s') | +----------------------------------------+ | 2015/04/03 14:04:05 | +----------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- DATE_SUB() Subtract a time value (interval) from a date
- DATE() -- 提取日期部分
mysql> select date(now()); +-----------------+ | date(curdate()) | +-----------------+ | 2015-04-03 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- DATEDIFF(expr1,expr2) 返回expr1 - expr2之间的时间差；expr1,expr2表达式只有日期部分参与运算
mysql> SELECT DATEDIFF('2007-12-31 23:59:59','2007-12-30'); +----------------------------------------------+ | DATEDIFF('2007-12-31 23:59:59','2007-12-30') | +----------------------------------------------+ | 1 | +----------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- DAY() Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()
- DAYNAME() Return the name of the weekday
- DAYOFMONTH() Return the day of the month (0-31)
- DAYOFWEEK() Return the weekday index of the argument
- DAYOFYEAR() Return the day of the year (1-366)
- EXTRACT() Extract part of a date
- FROM_DAYS() Convert a day number to a date
- FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp[,format]) 将unix时间戳格式化为日期字符串
mysql> select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(),'%Y-%m-%d'); +--------------------------------------------+ | from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(),'%Y-%m-%d') | +--------------------------------------------+ | 2015-04-03 | +--------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- GET_FORMAT() Return a date format string
- HOUR(time) -- 提取小时部分
mysql> select HOUR(now()); +-------------+ | HOUR(now()) | +-------------+ | 14 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- LAST_DAY（date）-- 返回指定月份的最后一天。如果参数无效，则返回NULL。
mysql> select last_day('2013-2-5'); +----------------------+ | last_day('2013-2-5') | +----------------------+ | 2013-02-28 | +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select last_day('2004-2-5'); +----------------------+ | last_day('2004-2-5') | +----------------------+ | 2004-02-29 | +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select last_day('2004-2-35'); +-----------------------+ | last_day('2004-2-35') | +-----------------------+ | NULL | +-----------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
- LOCALTIME(), LOCALTIME Synonym for NOW()
- LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP() Synonym for NOW()
- MAKEDATE(year,dayofyear) Create a date from the year and day of year
- MAKETIME MAKETIME(hour,minute,second)
- MICROSECOND(expr) -- 返回expr表达式的毫秒数
- MINUTE() Return the minute from the argument
- MONTH() Return the month from the date passed
- MONTHNAME(date) --- 返回月份的全称
mysql> select monthname(now()); +------------------+ | monthname(now()) | +------------------+ | April | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- NOW() -- 返回当前的日期和时间
- PERIOD_ADD() Add a period to a year-month
- PERIOD_DIFF() Return the number of months between periods
- QUARTER() Return the quarter from a date argument
- SEC_TO_TIME() Converts seconds to 'HH:MM:SS' format
- SECOND() --返回秒数 (0-59)
- STR_TO_DATE() Convert a string to a date
- SUBDATE() A synonym for DATE_SUB() when invoked with three arguments
- SUBTIME() Subtract times
- SYSDATE() Return the time at which the function executes
- TIME_FORMAT() Format as time
- TIME_TO_SEC() Return the argument converted to seconds
- TIME(datetime expr) -- 提取表达式的时间部分
- TIMEDIFF() Subtract time
- TIMESTAMP（expr1[,expr2]）-- 如果是一个参数，则将expr1作为datetime返回，如果有两个参数，将第二个time类型的参数增加到expr1上，返回datetime类型
mysql> select timestamp('2015-4-8'); +-----------------------+ | timestamp('2015-4-8') | +-----------------------+ | 2015-04-08 00:00:00 | +-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select timestamp('2015-4-8','10:20:30'); +----------------------------------+ | timestamp('2015-4-8','10:20:30') | +----------------------------------+ | 2015-04-08 10:20:30 | +----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- TIMESTAMPADD(unit,interval,datetime expr) --- 为date或者datetime类型的expr增加interval，单位由 unit确定；
unit单位：MICROSECOND、SECOND、MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, or YEAR.
mysql> select timestampadd(minute,1,'2015-4-8'); +-----------------------------------+ | timestampadd(minute,1,'2015-4-8') | +-----------------------------------+ | 2015-04-08 00:01:00 | +-----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select timestampadd(week,1,'2015-4-8'); +---------------------------------+ | timestampadd(week,1,'2015-4-8') | +---------------------------------+ | 2015-04-15 | +---------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit,datetime expr1,datetime expr2) --返回expr1 - expr2的值，返回值的单位由 unit参数决定。
mysql> select timestampdiff(MONTH,'2015-4-8','2015-1-1'); +--------------------------------------------+ | timestampdiff(MONTH,'2015-4-8','2015-1-1') | +--------------------------------------------+ | -3 | +--------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select timestampdiff(MINUTE,'2015-1-1','2015-4-8'); +---------------------------------------------+ | timestampdiff(MINUTE,'2015-1-1','2015-4-8') | +---------------------------------------------+ | 139680 | +---------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- TO_DAYS() Return the date argument converted to days
- TO_SECONDS() Return the date or datetime argument converted to seconds since Year 0
- UNIX_TIMESTAMP() -- 返回unix时间戳
mysql> select unix_timestamp(); +------------------+ | unix_timestamp() | +------------------+ | 1428042298 | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- UTC_DATE() Return the current UTC date
- UTC_TIME() Return the current UTC time
- UTC_TIMESTAMP() Return the current UTC date and time
- WEEK() Return the week number
- WEEKDAY() Return the weekday index
- WEEKOFYEAR() Return the calendar week of the date (0-53)
- YEAR() --- 获取年份
mysql> select year(now()); +-------------+ | year(now()) | +-------------+ | 2015 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- YEARWEEK() Return the year and week