数据库备份还原
数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下
1.创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
创建score表。SQL代码如下：
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);
2.为student表和score表增加记录
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
3.备份数据库school到/backup目录
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -u root -p'redhat@123' --default-character-set=utf8 school > /etc/backup/school.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ll /etc/backup/
4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'redhat@123' school >/etc/backup/school1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ll /etc/backup/
5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份
[root@mysql~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat@123 --all-databases |gzip > /etc/backup/all.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat@123 school student > /etc/backup/school.student.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat@123 -B school my > /etc/backup/school2.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
8.仅仅备份数据库结构
[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat@123 -d school > /etc/backup/school_str.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
9.备份服务器上所有数据库
[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat@123 --all-databases > /etc/backup/all_databases.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
10.还原MySQL数据库
[root@mysql backup]# mysql -uroot -predhat@123 < /etc/backup/all_databases.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库
[root@mysql backup]# gunzip < /etc/backup/all.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -predhat@123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
[root@mysql ~]# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --password=redhat@123 --target-dir=/etc/backup/xtr
14.使用mydumper备份数据库
[root@mysql ~]# mydumper -u root -p redhat@123 -B school -o /etc/backup/
15.使用mydumper恢复数据库
[root@mysql backup]# myloader -u root -p RedHat@123 -d /etc/backup/ -o -B school