Spring ——> 春天,为开源软件带来了春天
2002,首次推出了Spring框架的雏形:interface21框架!
Spring框架以interface21框架为基础,经过重新设计,并不断丰富其内涵,于2004年3月24日发布了1.0正式版
Spring的理念:使用现有的技术更加容易使用,本身是一个大杂烩,整合了现有的技术框架!
SSH:Struct2 + Spring + Hibernate(全自动持久化框架)!
SSM:SpringMVC + Spring + MyBatis(半自动持久化框架,可自定义性质更强)!
spring官网: https://spring.io/projects/spring-framework#overview
官方下载: https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring/
GitHub: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework
Spring Web MVC: spring-webmvc最新版
Spring Web MVC和Spring-JDBC的pom配置文件:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
=== 总结一句话:Spring就是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面编程(AOP)的框架! ===
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现代化的java开发 -> 基于Spring的开发!
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因为现在大多数公司都在使用SpringBoot进行快速开发,学习SpringBoot的前提,需要完全掌握Spring及SpringMVC!承上启下的作用!
传统的调用
UserDao
package dao;
public interface UserDao {
void getUser();
}
UserDaoImp
package dao;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
public void getUser() {
System.out.println("默认获取用户数据");
}
}
UserSevice
package Service;
public interface UserService {
void getUser();
}
UserServiceImp
package Service;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.UserDaoImpl;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
public void getUser(){
userDao.getUser();
}
}
测试
package holle0;
import Service.UserService;
import Service.UserServiceImpl;
public class MyTest0 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 用户实际调用的是业务层,dao层他们不需要接触
UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
userService.getUser();
}
}
在我们之前的业务中,用户的需求可能会影响我们原来的代码,我们需要根据用户的需求去修改原代码!如果程序代码量十分大,修改一次的成本代价十分昂贵!
**改良:**我们使用一个Set接口实现。已经发生了革命性的变化!
//在Service层的实现类(UserServiceImpl)增加一个Set()方法
//利用set动态实现值的注入!
//DAO层并不写死固定调用哪一个UserDao的实现类
//而是通过Service层调用方法设置实现类!
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao){
this.userDao = userDao;
}
set() 方法实际上是动态改变了 UserDao userDao 的 初始化部分(new UserDaoImpl())
测试中加上
((UserServiceImpl)userService).setUserDao(new UserDaoImpl());
本质上解决了问题,程序员不用再去管理对象的创建
系统的耦合性大大降低,可以更专注在业务的实现上
这是IoC(控制反转)的原型,反转(理解):主动权交给了用户
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在父模块中导入jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
pojo的Hello.java
package pojo;
public class Hello {
private String str;
public String getStr() {
return str;
}
public void setStr(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Holle [str=" + str + "]";
}
}
在resource里面的xml配置
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="hello" class="pojo.Hello">
<property name="str" value="Spring"/>
bean>
beans>
测试类MyTest
package holle1;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import pojo.Hello;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取Spring的上下文对象
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
//我们的对象下能在都在spring·中管理了,我们要使用,直接取出来就可以了
Hello holle = (Hello) context.getBean("hello");
System.out.println(holle.toString());
}
}
核心用set注入,所以必须要有下面的se()方法
//Hello类
public void setStr(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
思考:
IoC:对象由Spring 来创建,管理,装配!
弹幕评论里面的理解:
原来这套程序是:你写好菜单买好菜,客人来了自己把菜炒好招待,就相当于你请人吃饭
现在这套程序是:你告诉楼下餐厅,你要哪些菜,客人来的时候,餐厅把做好的你需要的菜送上来
IoC:炒菜这件事,不再由你自己来做,而是委托给了第三方__餐厅来做
此时的区别就是,如果我还需要做其他的菜,我不需要自己搞菜谱买材料再做好,而是告诉餐厅,我要什么菜,什么时候要,你做好送来
.
在前面第一个module试试引入Spring
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="userDaomSql" class="dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl">bean>
<bean id="userServiceImpl" class="service.UserServiceImp">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDaomSql"/>
bean>
beans>
第一个module改良后测试
package holle0;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import service.UserServiceImpl;
public class MyTest0 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean("userServiceImpl");
userServiceImpl.getUser();
}
}
总结:
所有的类都要装配的beans.xml 里面;
所有的bean 都要通过容器去取;
容器里面取得的bean,拿出来就是一个对象,用对象调用方法即可;
下标赋值
index指的是有参构造中参数的下标,下标从0开始;
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="chen"/>
bean>
beans>
类型赋值(不建议使用)
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="MrSun"/>
bean>
直接通过参数名(掌握)
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="MrSun">constructor-arg>
bean>
注册bean之后就对象的初始化了(类似 new 类名())
弹幕评论:
name方式还需要无参构造和set方法,index和type只需要有参构造
就算是new 两个对象,也是只有一个实例(单例模式:全局唯一)
User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user");
system.out.println(user == user2)//结果为true
总结:在配置文件加载的时候,容器(< bean>)中管理的对象就已经初始化了
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="chen">constructor-arg>
bean>
<alias name="user" alias="userLove"/>
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User" name="u1 u2,u3;u4">
<property name="name" value="chen"/>
bean>
import一般用于团队开发使用,它可以将多个配置文件,导入合并为一个
假设,现在项目中有多个人开发,这三个人复制不同的类开发,不同的类需要注册在不同的bean中,我们可以利
用import将所有人的beans.xml合并为一个总的!
张三(beans.xm1)
李四(beans2.xm1)
王五(beans3.xm1)
applicationContext.xml
<import resource="beans.xm1"/>
<import resource="beans2.xml"/>
<import resource="beans3.xm1"/>
使用的时候,直接使用总的配置就可以了
弹幕评论:
按照在总的xml中的导入顺序来进行创建,后导入的会重写先导入的,最终实例化的对象会是后导入xml中的那个
第4点有提到
依赖注入:set注入!
【环境搭建】
复杂类型
Address类
真实测试对象
Student类
beans.xml
测试
MyTest3
Student类
package pojo;
import java.util.*;
@Get
@Set
public class Student {
//别忘了写get和set方法(用lombok注解也行)
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String, String> card;
private Set<String> game;
private Properties infor;
private String wife;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +"\n"+
"name='" + name + '\'' +"\n"+
", address=" + address.toString() +"\n"+
", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +"\n"+
", hobbies=" + hobbies +"\n"+
", card=" + card +"\n"+
", game=" + game +"\n"+
", infor=" + infor +"\n"+
", wife='" + wife + '\'' +"\n"+
'}';
}
}
Address类
package pojo;
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
beans.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="address你好" />
bean>
<bean id="student" class="pojo.Student">
<property name="name" value="name你好" />
<property name="address" ref="address" />
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>三国value>
<value>西游value>
<value>水浒value>
array>
property>
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>唱value>
<value>跳value>
<value>rapvalue>
<value>篮球value>
list>
property>
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="username" value="root" />
<entry key="password" value="root" />
map>
property>
<property name="game">
<set>
<value>wangzhevalue>
<value>lolvalue>
<value>galnamevalue>
set>
property>
<property name="wife">
<null>null>
property>
<property name="infor">
<props>
<prop key="id">20200802prop>
<prop key="name">cbhprop>
props>
property>
bean>
beans>
MyTest3
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import pojo.Student;
public class MyTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student stu = (Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(stu.toString());
}
}
官方文档位置
pojo增加User类
package pojo;
public class User {
private String name;
private int id;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", id=" + id + "]";
}
}
注意: beans 里面加上这下面两行
使用p和c命名空间需要导入xml约束
xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”
xmlns:c=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/c”
?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User" p:name="cxk" p:id="20" >
bean>
<bean id="user2" class="pojo.User" c:name="cbh" c:id="22">bean>
beans>
测试
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user",User.class);//确定class对象,就不用再强转了
System.out.println(user.toString());
单例模式(默认)
<bean id="user2" class="pojo.User" c:name="cxk" c:age="19" scope="singleton">bean>
1
弹幕评论:单例模式是把对象放在pool中,需要再取出来,使用的都是同一个对象实例
原型模式: 每次从容器中get的时候,都产生一个新对象!
<bean id="user2" class="pojo.User" c:name="cxk" c:age="19" scope="prototype">bean>
1
其余的request、session、application这些只能在web开放中使用!
在Spring中有三种装配的方式
在xml中显示配置
在java中显示配置
隐式的自动装配bean 【重要】
环境搭建:一个人有两个宠物
byType自动装配:byType会自动查找,和自己对象set方法参数的类型相同的bean
保证所有的class唯一(类为全局唯一)
byName自动装配:byName会自动查找,和自己对象set对应的值对应的id
保证所有id唯一,并且和set注入的值一致
<bean id="cat1" class="pojo.Cat"/>
<bean id="cat2" class="pojo.Cat"/>
pojo的Cat类
public class Cat {
public void shut(){
System.out.println("miao");
}
}
pojo的Dog类
public class Dog {
public void shut(){
System.out.println("wow");
}
}
pojo的People类
package pojo;
public class People {
private Cat cat;
private Dog dog;
private String name;
public Cat getCat() {
return cat;
}
public void setCat(Cat cat) {
this.cat = cat;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "People{" +
"cat=" + cat +
", dog=" + dog +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
xml配置 -> byType 自动装配
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="cat" class="pojo.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="pojo.Dog"/>
<bean id="people" class="pojo.People" autowire="byType">
<property name="name" value="cbh">property>
bean>
beans>
xml配置 -> byName 自动装配
<bean id="cat" class="pojo.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="pojo.Dog"/>
<bean id="people" class="pojo.People" autowire="byName">
<property name="name" value="cbh">property>
bean>
弹幕评论:byName只能取到小写,大写取不到
jdk1.5支持的注解,spring2.5支持的注解
The introduction of annotation-based configuration raised the question of whether this approach is “better” than XML.(翻译:基于注释的配置的引入提出了一个问题,即这种方法是否比XML“更好”)
xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
beans>
默认是byType方式,如果匹配不上,就会byName
在属性上个使用,也可以在set上使用
我们可以不用编写set方法了,前提是自动装配的属性在Spring容器里,且要符合ByName 自动装配
public class People {
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
@Nullable 字段标记了这个注解,说明该字段可以为空
public name(@Nullable String name){
}
//源码
public @interface Autowired {
boolean required() default true;
}
如果定义了Autowire的require属性为false,说明这个对象可以为null,否则不允许为空(false表示找不到装配,不抛出异常)
@Autowired不能唯一装配时,需要@Autowired+@Qualifier
如果@Autowired自动装配环境比较复杂。自动装配无法通过一个注解完成的时候,可以使用@Qualifier(value = “dog”)去配合使用,指定一个唯一的id对象
public class People {
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "dog")
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
弹幕评论:
如果xml文件中同一个对象被多个bean使用,Autowired无法按类型找到,可以用@Qualifier指定id查找
默认是byName方式,如果匹配不上,就会byType
public class People {
Resource(name="cat")
private Cat cat;
Resource(name="dog")
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
弹幕评论:
Autowired是byType,@Autowired+@Qualifier = byType || byName
Autowired是先byteType,如果唯一則注入,否则byName查找。resource是先byname,不符合再继续byType
@Resource和@Autowired的区别:
在spring4之后,使用注解开发,必须要保证aop包的导入
使用注解需要导入contex的约束
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
beans>
弹幕评论:
有了< context:component-scan>,另一个< context:annotation-config/>标签可以移除掉,因为已经被包含进去了。
<context:component-scan base-package="com.MrSun"/>
<context:annotation-config/>
//@Component 组件
//等价于
@Component
public class User {
public String name ="秦疆";
}
@Component
public class User {
//相当于
@value("MrSunshen")
public String name;
//也可以放在set方法上面
//@value("MrSunshen")
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
@Component有几个衍生注解,会按照web开发中,mvc架构中分层。
这四个注解的功能是一样的,都是代表将某个类注册到容器中
@Autowired:默认是byType方式,如果匹配不上,就会byName
@Nullable:字段标记了这个注解,说明该字段可以为空
@Resource:默认是byName方式,如果匹配不上,就会byType
//原型模式prototype,单例模式singleton
//scope("prototype")相当于
@Component
@scope("prototype")
public class User {
//相当于
@value("MrSunshen")
public String name;
//也可以放在set方法上面
@value("MrSunshen")
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
xml与注解:
最佳实践:
不使用Spring的xml配置,完全交给java来做!
Spring的一个子项目,在spring4之后,,,它成为了核心功能
实体类:pojo的User.java
//这里这个注解的意思,就是说明这个类被Spring接管了,注册到了容器中
@component
public class User {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
//属性注入值
@value("QINJIANG')
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "user{" +
"name='" + name + '\''+
'}';
}
}
弹幕评论:要么使用@Bean,要么使用@Component和ComponentScan,两种效果一样
配置文件:config中的MrSun.java
@Import(MrSunConfig2.class),用@import来包含MrSunConfig2.java
//这个也会Spring容器托管,注册到容器中,因为他本米就是一个@Component
// @Configuration表这是一个配置类,就像我们之前看的beans.xml,类似于标签
@Configuration
@componentScan("com.MrSun.pojo") //开启扫描
//@Import(MrSunConfig2.class)
public class MrSunConfig {
//注册一个bean , 就相当于我们之前写的一个bean 标签
//这个方法的名字,就相当于bean 标签中的 id 属性 ->getUser
//这个方法的返同值,就相当于bean 标签中的class 属性 ->User
//@Bean
public User getUser(){
return new User(); //就是返回要注入到bean的对象!
}
}
弹幕评论:ComponentScan、@Component("pojo”) 这两个注解配合使用
测试类
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[ ] args) {
//如果完全使用了配置类方式去做,我们就只能通过 Annotationconfig 上下文来获取容器,通过配置类的class对象加载!
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MrSunConfig.Class); //class对象
User getUser =(User)context.getBean( "getUser"); //方法名getUser
System.out.Println(getUser.getName());
}
}
会创建两个相同对象问题的说明:
弹幕总结 - -> @Bean是相当于< bean>标签创建的对象,而我们之前学的@Component是通过spring自动创建的这个被注解声明的对象,所以这里相当于有两个User对象被创建了。一个是bean标签创建的(@Bean),一个是通过扫描然后使用@Component,spring自动创建的User对象,所以这里去掉@Bean这些东西,然后开启扫描。之后在User头上用@Component即可达到spring自动创建User对象了
//这个也会Spring容器托管,注册到容器中,因为他本米就是一个@Component
// @Configuration表这是一个配置类,就像我们之前看的beans.xml,类似于标签
@Configuration
@componentScan("com.MrSun.pojo") //开启扫描
//@Import(MrSunConfig2.class)
public class MrSunConfig {
//注册一个bean , 就相当于我们之前写的一个bean 标签
//这个方法的名字,就相当于bean 标签中的 id 属性 ->getUser
//这个方法的返同值,就相当于bean 标签中的class 属性 ->User
//@Bean
public User getUser(){
return new User(); //就是返回要注入到bean的对象!
}
}
弹幕评论:ComponentScan、@Component("pojo”) 这两个注解配合使用
测试类
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[ ] args) {
//如果完全使用了配置类方式去做,我们就只能通过 Annotationconfig 上下文来获取容器,通过配置类的class对象加载!
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MrSunConfig.Class); //class对象
User getUser =(User)context.getBean( "getUser"); //方法名getUser
System.out.Println(getUser.getName());
}
}
会创建两个相同对象问题的说明:
弹幕总结 - -> @Bean是相当于< bean>标签创建的对象,而我们之前学的@Component是通过spring自动创建的这个被注解声明的对象,所以这里相当于有两个User对象被创建了。一个是bean标签创建的(@Bean),一个是通过扫描然后使用@Component,spring自动创建的User对象,所以这里去掉@Bean这些东西,然后开启扫描。之后在User头上用@Component即可达到spring自动创建User对象了
代理模式是SpringAOP的底层
分类:动态代理和静态代理
代码步骤:
1、接口
package pojo;
public interface Host {
public void rent();
}
2、真实角色
package pojo;
public class HostMaster implements Host{
public void rent() {
System.out.println("房东要出租房子");
}
}
3、代理角色
package pojo;
public class Proxy {
public Host host;
public Proxy() {
}
public Proxy(Host host) {
super();
this.host = host;
}
public void rent() {
seeHouse();
host.rent();
fee();
sign();
}
//看房
public void seeHouse() {
System.out.println("看房子");
}
//收费
public void fee() {
System.out.println("收中介费");
}
//合同
public void sign() {
System.out.println("签合同");
}
}
4、客户端访问代理角色
package holle4_proxy;
import pojo.Host;
import pojo.HostMaster;
import pojo.Proxy;
public class My {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//房东要出租房子
Host host = new HostMaster();
//中介帮房东出租房子,但也收取一定费用(增加一些房东不做的操作)
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(host);
//看不到房东,但通过代理,还是租到了房子
proxy.rent();
}
}
代码翻倍:几十个真实角色就得写几十个代理
AOP横向开发
动态代理和静态角色一样,动态代理底层是反射机制
动态代理类是动态生成的,不是我们直接写好的!
动态代理(两大类):基于接口,基于类
了解两个类
1、Proxy:代理
2、InvocationHandler:调用处理程序
实例:
接口 Host.java
//接口
package pojo2;
public interface Host {
public void rent();
}
接口Host实现类 HostMaster.java
//接口实现类
package pojo2;
public class HostMaster implements Host{
public void rent() {
System.out.println("房东要租房子");
}
}
代理角色的处理程序类 ProxyInvocationHandler.java
package pojo2;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
///用这个类,自动生成代理
public class ProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
// Foo f =(Foo) Proxy.NewProxyInstance(Foo. Class.GetClassLoader(),
// new Class>[] { Foo.Class },
// handler);
// 被代理的接口
public HostMaster hostMaster ;
public void setHostMaster(HostMaster hostMaster) {
this.hostMaster = hostMaster;
}
// 得到生成的代理类
public Object getProxy() {
// newProxyInstance() -> 生成代理对象,就不用再写具体的代理类了
// this.getClass().getClassLoader() -> 找到加载类的位置
// hostMaster.getClass().getInterfaces() -> 代理的具体接口
// this -> 代表了接口InvocationHandler的实现类ProxyInvocationHandler
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.getClass().getClassLoader(), hostMaster.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
// 处理代理实例并返回结果
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
seeHouse();
// 动态代理的本质,就是使用反射机制实现的
// invoke()执行它真正要执行的方法
Object result = method.invoke(hostMaster, args);
fee();
return result;
}
public void seeHouse() {
System.out.println("看房子");
}
public void fee() {
System.out.println("收中介费");
}
}
用户类 My2.java
package holle4_proxy;
import pojo2.Host;
import pojo2.Host2;
import pojo2.HostMaster;
import pojo2.ProxyInvocationHandler;
public class My2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//真实角色
HostMaster hostMaster = new HostMaster();
//代理角色,现在没有;用代理角色的处理程序来实现Host接口的调用
ProxyInvocationHandler pih = new ProxyInvocationHandler();
//pih -> HostMaster接口类 -> Host接口
pih.setHostMaster(hostMaster);
//获取newProxyInstance动态生成代理类
Host proxy = (Host) pih.getProxy();
proxy.rent();
}
}
弹幕评论:
什么时候调用invoke方法的?
代理实例调用方法时invoke方法就会被调用,可以debug试试
改为万能代理类
///用这个类,自动生代理
public class ProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
// 被代理的接口
public Object target;
public void setTarget(Object target) {
this.target = target;
}
// 得到生成的代理类 -> 固定的代码
public Object getProxy() {
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.getClass().getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
}
// 处理代理实例并返回结果
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
// 动态代理的本质,就是使用反射机制实现的
// invoke()执行它真正要执行的方法
Object result = method.invoke(target, args);
return result;
}
}
提供声明式事务,允许用户自定义切面
SpringAOP中,通过Advice定义横切逻辑,Spring中支持5种类型的Advice:
即AOP在不改变原有代码的情况下,去增加新的功能。(代理)
导入jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
<version>1.9.4version>
dependency>
springAPI接口实现
applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="userservice" class="service.UserServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="log" class="log.Log"/>
<bean id="afterLog" class="log.AfterLog"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="log" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="afterLog" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
aop:config>
beans>
execution(返回类型,类名,方法名(参数)) -> execution(* com.service.,(…))
UserService.java
package service;
public interface UserService {
public void add() ;
public void delete() ;
public void query() ;
public void update();
}
UserService 的实现类 UserServiceImp.java
package service;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
public void add() {
System.out.println("add增");
}
public void delete() {
System.out.println("delete删");
}
public void update() {
System.out.println("update改");
}
public void query() {
System.out.println("query查");
}
}
前置Log.java
package log;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Log implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
//method:要执行的目标对象的方法
//args:参数
//target:目标对象
public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
System.out.println(target.getClass().getName()+"的"+method.getName()+"被执行了");
}
}
后置AfterLog.java
package log;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
public class AfterLog implements AfterReturningAdvice {
//returnVaule: 返回值
public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("执行了"+method.getName()+"方法,返回值是"+returnValue);
}
}
测试类MyTest5
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import service.UserService;
public class MyTest5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//注意:动态代理代理的是接口
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userservice");
userService.add();
}
}
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="userservice" class="service.UserServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="log" class="log.Log"/>
<bean id="afterLog" class="log.AfterLog"/>
<bean id="diy" class="diy.DiyPointcut"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:aspect ref="diy">
<aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
<aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="point"/>
<aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="point"/>
aop:aspect>
aop:config>
beans>
package diy;
public class DiyPointcut {
public void before(){
System.out.println("插入到前面");
}
public void after(){
System.out.println("插入到后面");
}
}
//测试
public class MyTest5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//注意:动态代理代理的是接口
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userservice");
userService.add();
}
}
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="userservice" class="service.UserServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="diyAnnotation" class="diy.DiyAnnotation">bean>
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
beans>
DiyAnnotation.java
package diy;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
@Aspect //标注这个类是一个切面
public class DiyAnnotation {
@Before("execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))")
public void before(){
System.out.println("=====方法执行前=====");
}
@After("execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))")
public void after(){
System.out.println("=====方法执行后=====");
}
//在环绕增强中,我们可以给地暖管一个参数,代表我们要获取切入的点
@Around("execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))")
public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("环绕前");
Object proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
System.out.println("环绕后");
}
}
测试
public class MyTest5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//注意:动态代理代理的是接口
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userservice");
userService.add();
}
}
输出结果:
mybatis-spring官网:https://mybatis.org/spring/zh/
mybatis的配置流程:
先导入jar包
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
<version>1.9.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>3.5.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
<version>2.0.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>8.0.12version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<version>1.18.12version>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>falsefiltering>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>falsefiltering>
resource>
resources>
build>
编写顺序:
User -> UserMapper -> UserMapper.xml -> spring-dao.xml -> UserServiceImpl -> applicationContext.xml -> MyTest6
代码步骤:
pojo实体类 User
package pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
mapper目录下的 UserMapper、UserMapperImpl、UserMapper.xml
接口UserMapper
package mapper;
import java.util.List;
import pojo.User;
public interface UserMapper {
public List<User> getUser();
}
UserMapperImpl
package mapper;
import java.util.List;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import pojo.User;
public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper{
//我们的所有操作,在原来都使用sqlSession来执行,现在都使用SqlSessionTemplate;
private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate;
public void setSqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate) {
this.sqlSessionTemplate = sqlSessionTemplate;
}
public List<User> getUser() {
UserMapper mapper = sqlSessionTemplate.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
return mapper.getUser();
}
}
UserMapper.xml
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getUser" resultType="pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.mybatis
select>
mapper>
resource目录下的 mybatis-config.xml、spring-dao.xml、applicationContext.xml
mybatis-config.xml
DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />
settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="pojo" />
typeAliases>
configuration>
spring-dao.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"
value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
bean>
<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
bean>
beans>
applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
<bean id="userMapper" class="mapper.UserMapperImpl">
<property name="sqlSessionTemplate" ref="sqlSession">property>
bean>
beans>
测试类
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import mapper.UserMapper;
import pojo.User;
public class MyTest6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserMapper userMapper = (UserMapper) context.getBean("userMapper");
for (User user : userMapper.getUser()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
UserServiceImpl2
package mapper;
import pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.mybatis.spring.support.SqlSessionDaoSupport;
import java.util.List;
//继承SqlSessionDaoSupport 类
public class UserMapperImpl2 extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapper {
public List<User> getUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
return mapper.getUser();
//或者一句话:return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUser();
}
}
spring-dao.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"
value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
bean>
beans>
applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<import resource="spring-dao.xml" />
<bean id="userMapper2" class="mapper.UserMapperImpl2">
<property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory">property>
bean>
beans>
测试
public class MyTest6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserMapper userMapper = (UserMapper) context.getBean("userMapper2");
for (User user : userMapper.getUser()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
事务的ACID原则:
1、原子性
2、隔离性
3、一致性
4、持久性
ACID参考文章:https://www.cnblogs.com/malaiMrSunren/archive/2012/04/06/2434760.html
Spring中的事务管理
声明式事务
先导入jar包
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
<version>1.9.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>3.5.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
<version>2.0.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>8.0.12version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<version>1.18.12version>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>falsefiltering>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>falsefiltering>
resource>
resources>
build>
代码步骤:
pojo实体类 User
package pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
mapper目录下的 UserMapper、UserMapperImpl、UserMapper.xml
接口UserMapper
package mapper;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import pojo.User;
public interface UserMapper {
public List<User> getUser();
public int insertUser(User user);
public int delUser(@Param("id") int id);
}
UserMapperImpl
package mapper;
import pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.mybatis.spring.support.SqlSessionDaoSupport;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperImpl extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapper {
public List<User> getUser() {
User user = new User(5,"你好","ok");
insertUser(user);
delUser(5);
SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
return mapper.getUser();
//或者return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUser();
}
//插入
public int insertUser(User user) {
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).insertUser(user);
}
//删除
public int delUser(int id) {
return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).delUser(id);
}
}
UserMapper.xml
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getUser" resultType="pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.mybatis
select>
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="pojo.User" >
insert into mybatis.mybatis (id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
insert>
<delete id="delUser" parameterType="_int">
deleteAAAAA from mybatis.mybatis where id = #{id}
delete>
mapper>
resource目录下的 mybatis-config.xml、spring-dao.xml、applicationContext.xml
mybatis-config.xml
DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />
settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="pojo" />
typeAliases>
configuration>
spring-dao.xml(已导入约束)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"
value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource" />
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<constructor-arg ref="datasource" />
bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="query" read-only="true"/>
tx:attributes>
tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="txpointcut" expression="execution(* mapper.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txpointcut"/>
aop:config>
beans>
applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<import resource="spring-dao.xml" />
<bean id="userMapper" class="mapper.UserMapperImpl">
<property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory">property>
bean>
beans>
测试类
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import mapper.UserMapper;import pojo.User;
public class MyTest7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserMapper userMapper = (UserMapper) context.getBean("userMapper");
for (User user : userMapper.getUser()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
思考:
为什么需要事务?