算法练习-LeetCoe 438. Find All Anagrams in a String

题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/find-all-anagrams-in-a-string/description/?envType=study-plan&id=level-1

解题思路:滑动窗口

代码(Java):

解法1 (复杂版):

class Solution {
    public List findAnagrams(String s, String p) {
        int p1 = 0;
        int p2 = 0;

        HashMap map = new HashMap<>();

        List list = new ArrayList<>();


        for(char c : p.toCharArray()){
            if(!map.containsKey(c)){
                map.put(c,1);
            }else{
                map.put(c,map.get(c)+1);
            }
        }

        // slid window
        // Notice: counter increase and decrease situation
        int counter = map.size();
        while(p2 < s.length()){
            char c = s.charAt(p2);
            if(map.containsKey(c)){
                map.put(c,map.get(c)-1);
                if(map.get(c) == 0)counter--;
            }
            p2++;

            while(counter == 0){
                char temp = s.charAt(p1);
                if(map.containsKey(temp)){
                    map.put(temp,map.get(temp)+1);
                    if(map.get(temp) > 0) counter++;
                }
                if(p2-p1 == p.length()){
                    list.add(p1);
                }
                p1++;
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
}

解法2 (精简版):

class Solution {
    public List findAnagrams(String s, String p) {

        List result = new ArrayList<>();
    
        // counter the 26 characters in p string
        int[] char_counts = new int[26];

        for(char c: p.toCharArray()){
            char_counts[c - 'a']++;
        }

        // slid window 
        int left = 0;
        int right = 0;
        int counter = p.length();

        while(right < s.length()){

            if(char_counts[s.charAt(right++)-'a']-- > 0){
                counter--;
            }
            if(counter == 0){
                result.add(left);
            }
            if(right - left == p.length() && (char_counts[s.charAt(left++)-'a']++ >= 0)){
                counter++;
            }

        }
        
        return result;
    }
}

总体思路都是对p里面的字符进行计数,在滑动窗口的时候判断是否都存在p的字符,且字符出现的次数是否一致,以及字符长度是否一致。在出现这种情况,在进行更新左边窗口之前,将当前左边窗口的位置添加到result数组中。

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