2021 年 6 月 29 日 人类真的可以长生不老吗?权威科学家给出了答案

今日导读

古今中外,许多神话故事都绕不开“生与死”这个话题——嫦娥奔月前服下的不死之药,北欧神话中象征青春的金苹果,都反映了人们对死亡的恐惧和对长生不老的追求。如今,现代医学日益进步,无数科学家投身其中,致力于找出延长寿命、延缓衰老的方法。最近,就有一项国际研究取得了突破性进展。这项研究到底发现了什么?让我们跟着 Jela 老师,一起走进今天的文章。

带着问题听讲解

短语 plug the gap 是什么意思?

文中和“永恒,永久”相关的单词有哪些?

根据本文,这项研究认为现代人寿命延长的真正原因是什么?

正文

Ageing process is unstoppable, finds unprecedented study

一项史无前例的研究发现,衰老过程无法被阻止

Immortality and everlasting youth are the stuff of myths, according to new research which may finally end the eternal debate about whether we can live for ever.

一项新研究表明,长生不老、永葆青春都只存在于神话故事里。这项研究很可能会终结人们对人类能否永生的无休止争论。

The study, by an international collaboration of scientists from 14 countries, set out to test the "invariant rate of ageing" hypothesis, which says that a species has a relatively fixed rate of ageing from adulthood.***

句子结构分析

「The study, by an international collaboration of scientists from 14 countries, set out to test the "invariant rate of ageing" hypothesis, which says that a species has a relatively fixed rate of ageing from adulthood.」

句子主干:The study set out to test the "invariant rate of ageing" hypothesis.。

后置定语:by an international collaboration of scientists from 14 countries(修饰 the study)。

定语从句:which says that a species has a relatively fixed rate of ageing from adulthood(修饰先行词 hypothesis)。

来自 14 个国家的科学家们进行国际合作,开展了这项研究,旨在检验“衰老不变率”假说。该假说认为每个物种从成年开始都会有一个相对固定的衰老速度。

"Our findings support the theory that, rather than slowing down death, more people are living much longer due to a reduction in mortality at younger ages," said José Manuel Aburto from Oxford's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science.

牛津大学莱弗尔梅人口科学中心的何塞·曼努埃尔·阿伯托说:“我们的发现支持了这样一种理论:更多的人寿命延长,不是因为衰老速度变慢了,而是因为年轻一代的死亡率下降了。”

The debate over how much longer we can live has divided the academic community for decades, with the search for extended life and health particularly active in the UK. But what has been missing from the debate is research comparing lifespans of multiple animal populations with humans, to work out what is driving mortality.

几十年来,关于人类能活多久的争议分化了学术界,与此同时,对延长寿命、促进健康的探索在英国尤为活跃。然而,这场争论缺少的是将多个动物种群的寿命与人类寿命进行比较研究,从而找出影响死亡率的关键性因素。

This study plugs that gap, said Aburto. "This extraordinarily diverse collection of data enabled us to compare mortality differences both within and between species."

阿伯托称,他们的研究填补了这一空白。“极其多样化的数据收集,让我们得以比较物种内部和物种之间的死亡率差异。”

All the datasets examined by Aburto's teams revealed the same general pattern of mortality: a high risk of death in infancy which rapidly declines in the immature and teenage years, remains low until early adulthood, and then continually rises in advancing age.

阿伯托所在团队检验的所有数据集都揭示了相同的死亡率常规模式:婴儿时期的高死亡风险在幼年和青少年时期迅速下降,直到成年早期都保持在低水平,然后随着年龄渐长而不断上升。

"More and more people get to live much longer now. However, the trajectory towards death in old age has not changed," he added. "This study suggests evolutionary biology trumps everything and, so far, medical advances have been unable to beat these biological constraints."

“如今,有越来越多的人活得更久。但是,人们在老年时期逐渐走向死亡的轨迹并没有改变,”阿伯托补充说:“这项研究表明,进化生物学完胜一切,并且到目前为止,医学的进步还无法打破这些生物限制。”


重点词汇

unprecedented

/ʌnˈpres.ə.den.t̬ɪd/

adj. 史无前例的,空前的

相关词汇:precedent(n. 先例,前例)

相关词汇:precedented(adj. 有先例的)

词根词缀:un-(表否定)

英文释义:sth. that has never happened or been done before

例句:China is taking on an unprecedented role as a major vaccine supplier to the rest of the world.

immortality

/ˌɪm.ɔːrˈtæl.ə.t̬i/

n. 永生,不朽

例句:He found immortality through his scientific achievements.

相关词汇:immortal(adj. 永生的,不死的)

everlasting

/ˌev.ɚˈlæs.tɪŋ/

adj. 永久的,永恒的

词义辨析:everlasting,immortal

immortal 更强调事物是 living or lasting for ever “永生的,不死的”,比如:The pharaohs were considered gods and therefore immortal. 意思是“法老被视为神灵,因而可以得到永生。”而 everlasting 不仅强调事物是 lasting forever “永久的”,而且是 never changing “经久不变的”,比如:I have loved you with an everlasting love! 意思是“我对你的爱从未改变!”

myth

/mɪθ/

n. 神话

搭配短语:ancient Greek myths

eternal

/ɪˈtɝː.nəl/

adj. 无休止的,没完没了的;永久的,永恒的

近义词:everlasting(adj. 永久的,永恒的)

搭配短语:eternal love(永恒的)

搭配短语:eternal arguments(无休止的)

set out

(怀着目标)开始,着手;出发,启程;陈列,摆放

搭配短语:to set out for Beijing(出发)

搭配短语:to set out their displays(摆放)

例句:They succeeded in what they set out to do.((怀着目标)开始做……)

invariant

/ɪnˈver.i.ənt/

adj. 恒定的,不变的

近义词:invariable(adj. 不变的,始终如一的)

例句:It is her invariable routine to practise yoga before bedtime.

hypothesis

/haɪˈpɑː.θə.sɪs/

n. 假设,假说

相关词汇:thesis(n. 论文;论点)

词根词缀:hypo-(表示“低于,次于……”)

相关词汇:hypothermia(n. 体温过低,失温)

mortality

/mɔːrˈtæl.ə.t̬i/

n. 死亡数量,死亡率;必死性,生命的有限

反义词:immortality(n. 永生,不朽)

divide

/dɪˈvaɪd/

v.(使)产生分歧,(使)意见相左;(使)分开,分散

例句:The issue of immigration has divided voters.

lifespan

/ˈlaɪf.spæn/

n. 寿命,使用期限

相关词汇:span(n. 一段时间,持续时间)

例句:Most mobile phones have a lifespan of 3 to 5 years.

词义辨析:lifespan,life expectancy

lifespan 的主语既可以是人、动物,也可以是物品,而 life expectancy 的主语通常是人或动物,并且强调是“预期寿命”。

drive

/draɪv/

v. 影响,是……的决定性因素;开车,驾驶

英文释义:to influence sth.

例句:Rents are driven by availability.

plug the gap

填补空缺

相关词汇:plug(v. 把……堵住,塞住)

相关词汇:gap(n. 缺口,空白)

例句:The product was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market.

近义词组:fill the gap

pattern

/ˈpæt̬.ɚn/

n. 模式,方式;图案,花样;(声音有规则排列的)模式

搭配短语:a black and white striped pattern(图案)

搭配短语:a rhyming pattern(韵律)

搭配短语:a regular sleeping pattern(模式)

infancy

/ˈɪn.fən.si/

n. 婴儿期,幼年;初期,初创期

相关词汇:infant(n. 婴儿)

例句:Genetic engineering is still in its infancy.

immature

/ˌɪm.əˈtʊr/

adj. 未长成的,发育未全的;(行为、思想)不成熟的

反义词:mature(adj. 成熟的)

搭配短语:immature plants

搭配短语:emotionally immature adults

advancing

/ədˈvæn.sɪŋ/

adj. 年长的,年事已高的

相关词汇:advance(v.(使)前进;促进,推动)

例句:She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years.

trajectory

/trəˈdʒek.tɚ.i/

n.(事物的)发展轨迹;(物体抛向空中形成的)轨道,轨迹

搭配短语:the trajectory of a spacecraft((物体抛向空中形成的)轨迹)

搭配短语:an upward career trajectory((事物的)发展轨迹)-事业蒸蒸日上

trump

/trʌmp/

v. 胜过,打败

词性拓展:trump(n. 王牌;绝招,杀手锏)

搭配短语:to play one's trump card  -使出某人的杀手锏

例句:The company trumped its rivals by innovation.

constraint

/kənˈstreɪnt/

n. 限制,束缚

近义词:restriction(n. 限制,束缚)

例句:Lack of funding has been a major constraint on the building's design.  -

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