Flutter 使用Texture实现Android渲染视频

Flutter视频渲染系列

第一章 Android使用Texture渲染视频（本章）
第二章 Windows使用Texture渲染视频
第三章 Linux使用Texture渲染视频
第四章 全平台FFI+CustomPainter渲染视频
第五章 Windows使用Native窗口渲染视频
第六章 桌面端使用texture_rgba_renderer渲染视频

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前言

flutter渲染视频的方法有多种，比如texture、platformview、ffi，其中texture是通过flutter自己提供的一个texture对象与dart界面关联后进行渲染，很容易搜索到android和ios的相关资料，但是大部分资料不够详细，尤其是jni渲染部分基本都略过了，对于使用flutter但不熟悉安卓的情况下，是比较难搞清楚通过texure拿到surface之后该怎么渲染。所以本文将说明整体的渲染流程。

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一、如何实现？

1、定义Texture控件

在界面中定义一个Texture

Container(
  width: 640,
  height: 360,
  child: Texture(
  textureId: textureId,
))

2、创建Texture对象

java

TextureRegistry.SurfaceTextureEntry entry =flutterEngine.getRenderer().createSurfaceTexture();

3、关联TextureId

dart

  int textureId = -1;
  if (textureId < 0) {
  //调用本地方法获取textureId 
  methodChannel.invokeMethod('startPreview',<String,dynamic>{'path':'test.mov'}).then((value) {
  textureId = value;
  setState(() {
  print('textureId ==== $textureId');
  });
  });
  }

java

 //methodchannel的startPreview方法实现，此处略
TextureRegistry.SurfaceTextureEntry entry =flutterEngine.getRenderer().createSurfaceTexture();
result.success(entry.id());

4、写入rgba

java

TextureRegistry.SurfaceTextureEntry entry = flutterEngine.getRenderer().createSurfaceTexture();
SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture = entry.surfaceTexture();
Surface surface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);
String path = call.argument("path");
//调用jni并传入surface
native_start_play(path,surface);

jni c++

ANativeWindow *a_native_window = ANativeWindow_fromSurface(env,surface);
ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(a_native_window,width,height,WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
ANativeWindow_Buffer a_native_window_buffer;   
ANativeWindow_lock(a_native_window,&a_native_window_buffer,0);
uint8_t *first_window = static_cast<uint8_t *>(a_native_window_buffer.bits);
//rgba数据
uint8_t *src_data = data[0];
int dst_stride = a_native_window_buffer.stride * 4;
//ffmpeg的linesize
int src_line_size = linesize[0];
for(int i = 0; i < a_native_window_buffer.height;i++){
    memcpy(first_window+i*dst_stride,src_data+i*src_line_size,dst_stride);
}
ANativeWindow_unlockAndPost(a_native_window);

其中jni方法定义：

extern "C" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_ffplay_1plugin_FfplayPlugin_native_1start_1play( JNIEnv *env, jobject /* this*/,  jstring path,jobject surface) ;

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二、示例

1.使用ffmpeg解码播放

main.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
MethodChannel methodChannel = MethodChannel('ffplay_plugin');
void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({Key? key, required this.title}) : super(key: key);

  final String title;
  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  int _counter = 0;
  int textureId = -1;
  Future<void> _createTexture() async {
  print('textureId = $textureId');
  //调用本地方法播放视频
  if (textureId < 0) {
  methodChannel.invokeMethod('startPreview',<String,dynamic>{'path':'https://sf1-hscdn-tos.pstatp.com/obj/media-fe/xgplayer_doc_video/flv/xgplayer-demo-360p.flv'}).then((value) {
  textureId = value;
  setState(() {
  print('textureId ==== $textureId');
  });
  });
  }
  }
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(
  title: Text(widget.title),
  ),
  //控件布局
  body: Center(
  child: Row(
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
  children: <Widget>[
  if (textureId > -1)
  ClipRect (
  child: Container(
  width: 640,
  height: 360,
  child: Texture(
  textureId: textureId,
  )),
  ),
  ],
  ),
  ),
  floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
  onPressed: _createTexture,
  tooltip: 'createTexture',
  child: Icon(Icons.add),
  ),
  );
  }
}

定义一个插件我这里是fflay_plugin。
fflayplugin.java

if (call.method.equals("startPreview")) {
      //创建texture
      TextureRegistry.SurfaceTextureEntry entry =flutterEngine.getRenderer().createSurfaceTexture();
      SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture = entry.surfaceTexture();
      Surface surface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);
      //获取参数
      String path = call.argument("path");
      //调用jni开始渲染
      native_start_play(path,surface);
      //返回textureId
      result.success(entry.id());
    }

public native void native_start_play(String path, Surface surface);

native-lib.cpp

extern "C" JNIEXPORT void
JNICALL
Java_com_example_ffplay_1plugin_FfplayPlugin_native_1start_1play(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */,  jstring path,jobject surface) {
    //获取用于绘制的NativeWindow
    ANativeWindow *a_native_window = ANativeWindow_fromSurface(env,surface);
    //转换视频路径字符串为C中可用的
    const char *video_path = env->GetStringUTFChars(path,0);
    //初始化播放器，Play中封装了ffmpeg
    Play *play=new Play;
    //播放回调
    play->Display=[=](unsigned char* data[8], int linesize[8], int width, int height, AVPixelFormat format)
        {
        //设置NativeWindow绘制的缓冲区
        ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(a_native_window,width,height,WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
        //绘制时，用于接收的缓冲区
        ANativeWindow_Buffer a_native_window_buffer;
        //加锁然后进行渲染
        ANativeWindow_lock(a_native_window,&a_native_window_buffer,0);
        uint8_t *first_window = static_cast<uint8_t *>(a_native_window_buffer.bits);
        uint8_t *src_data = data[0];
        //拿到每行有多少个RGBA字节
        int dst_stride = a_native_window_buffer.stride * 4;
        int src_line_size = linesize[0];
        //循环遍历所得到的缓冲区数据
        for(int i = 0; i < a_native_window_buffer.height;i++){
            //内存拷贝进行渲染
            memcpy(first_window+i*dst_stride,src_data+i*src_line_size,dst_stride);
        }
        //绘制完解锁
        ANativeWindow_unlockAndPost(a_native_window);
};
    //开始播放
    play->Start(video_path,AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA);
    env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(path,video_path);
}

效果预览
android TV横屏

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三、完整代码

https://download.csdn.net/download/u013113678/87094784
包含完整代码的flutter项目，版本3.0.4、3.3.8都成功运行，目录说明如下。

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总结

以上就是今天要讲的内容，flutter在安卓上渲染视频还是相对容易实现的。因为资料比较多，但是只搜索fluter相关的资料只能了解调texture的用法，无法搞清楚texture到ffmpeg的串连，我们需要单独去了解安卓调用ffmpeg渲染才能找到的它们之间的关联。总的来说，实现相对容易效果也能接受。