使用pyinstaller打包django

虽然django项目我们一般通过部署服务器进行发布，但是也有些情况，可能就是一个小小的数据管理应用，也就内部几个人使用，想直接打包成一个应用，在没有任何python环境的普通的机器上就能运行，内网能访问就可以了。
pyinstaller 就能够用来将python应用打包成可执行文件。

Step 1: 生成spec文件

pyi-makespec -D manage.py 

执行成功后，会显示如下信息，表示可以去构建可执行文件了

now run pyinstaller.py to build the executable

在目录下面会生成一个 manage.spec的文件，相当于一个构建可执行文件的配置文件。打开文件，可以看一下，主要有两个地方需要配置：
1.datas=[] 该配置用于配置static文件和templates文件
hiddenimports=[] 把settings里的install_apps 拷贝过来

 datas=[('/Users/huanghuan/Documents/python学习/django/loftyha/static','./static')],
             hiddenimports=[ 'django.contrib.admin',
                    'django.contrib.auth',
                    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
                    'django.contrib.sessions',
                    'django.contrib.messages',
                    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
                    'shift',],

Step 2: 使用pyinstaller 构建可执行文件

pyinstaller manage.spec 

待上述命令执行完，在目录下面会生成dist和build目录，在dist/manage目录下，有一个可执行文件manage
cd dist/manage目录下，命令行执行manage文件

./manage runserver ip:port --noreload

--noreload参数如果不加，有可能会报错: RuntimeError('Script %s does not exist.' % py_script)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 23, in 
  File "manage.py", line 19, in main
  File "django/core/management/__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "django/core/management/__init__.py", line 413, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "django/core/management/base.py", line 354, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 61, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "django/core/management/base.py", line 398, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 96, in handle
    self.run(**options)
  File "django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 103, in run
    autoreload.run_with_reloader(self.inner_run, **options)
  File "django/utils/autoreload.py", line 640, in run_with_reloader
    exit_code = restart_with_reloader()
  File "PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_django.py", line 72, in _restart_with_reloader
  File "django/utils/autoreload.py", line 257, in restart_with_reloader
    args = get_child_arguments()
  File "django/utils/autoreload.py", line 244, in get_child_arguments
    raise RuntimeError('Script %s does not exist.' % py_script)