如何在Linux系统中使用yum命令安装MySQL

1、安装软件

# yum install -y https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install mysql-community-server

网址来源：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

2、启动软件

 # systemctl enable mysqld
 # systemctl start mysqld
 # systemctl status mysqld

3、配置软件

a、获取密码

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-07-25T06:31:36.346005Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: uH0sps!uq&Sg
[root@localhost ~]# 

b、软件设置

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

...省略...

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'AB%34%ba';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                                   | Value  |
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.changed_characters_percentage | 0      |
| validate_password.check_user_name               | ON     | 是否使用该插件
| validate_password.dictionary_file               |        | 插件用于验证密码强度的字典文件路径
| validate_password.length                        | 8      | 密码最小长度
| validate_password.mixed_case_count              | 1      | 密码至少要包含的小写和大写字母个数
| validate_password.number_count                  | 1      | 密码至少要包含的数字个数
| validate_password.policy                        | MEDIUM | 密码强度检查等级
| validate_password.special_char_count            | 1      | 密码至少要包含的特殊字符数
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

# 允许root账号远程访问
mysql> update user set host = '%' where host = 'localhost' and user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# mysql8.0 引入了 caching_sha2_password 加密方式，这种方式SQLYong等客户端不支持，为此需要将其改成SQLYong等客户端支持的加密方式：mysql_native_password
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'AB%34%ba';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#

说明：密码强度检查等级分为0/LOW（只检查长度）、1/MEDIUM（检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符）和2/STRONG（检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符字典文件）。

4、开放端口

为了实现远程连接，我们需要开放3306端口

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload