MySQL——备份恢复

数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

1.创建student和score表

CREATE  TABLE  student (

id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,

name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,

sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,

birth  YEAR,

department  VARCHAR(20) ,

address  VARCHAR(50) 

);

创建score表。SQL代码如下：

CREATE  TABLE  score (

id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,

stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,

c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,

grade  INT(10)

);

2.为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

8.仅仅备份数据库结构 

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

10.还原MySQL数据库

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

---

1.创建student和score表

mysql5.7 [(none)]>create database school;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [(none)]>show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>create table student(
    -> id int(10) not null unique primary key,
    -> name varchar(20) not null,
    -> sex varchar(4),
    -> birth year,
    -> department varchar(20),
    -> address varchar(50)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>create table score(
    -> id int(10) not null unique primary key auto_increment,
    -> stu_id int(10) not null,
    -> c_name varchar(20),
    -> grade int(10)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>

2.为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

student表：

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

score表:

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '英语',80);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

查看表的信息：

mysql5.7 [school]>select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    | 男   |  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    | 男   |  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      | 女   |  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      | 男   |  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      | 女   |  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      | 男   |  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    902 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /backup

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' -B school > /backup/db1

[root@localhost backup]# ll 
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3443 7月  22 14:10 db1

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Admin123!' --add-drop-table -d school > /backup/add-drop-db
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost backup]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 7月  22 14:11 add-drop-db

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pAdmin123! -B school | gzip > /backup/dbzip
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
总用量 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 7月  22 14:11 add-drop-db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3443 7月  22 14:11 db1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1202 7月  22 14:13 dbzip

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -uroot -pAdmin123! school student > /backup/dbschool_student

[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
总用量 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 7月  22 14:11 add-drop-db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3443 7月  22 14:11 db1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 7月  22 14:15 dbschool_student
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1202 7月  22 14:13 dbzip

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pAdmin123! -B school wp > /backup/db_databases
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
总用量 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 7月  22 14:11 add-drop-db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3443 7月  22 14:11 db1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3574 7月  22 14:17 db_databases
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 7月  22 14:15 dbschool_student
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1202 7月  22 14:13 dbzip

8.仅仅备份数据库结构 

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pAdmin123! -d school > /backup/school_stru
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 7月  22 14:11 add-drop-db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3443 7月  22 14:11 db1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3574 7月  22 14:17 db_databases
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 7月  22 14:15 dbschool_student
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1202 7月  22 14:13 dbzip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2305 7月  22 14:19 school_stru

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pAdmin123! -A > /backup/db_all
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
总用量 784
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2305 7月  22 14:11 add-drop-db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   3443 7月  22 14:11 db1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 779829 7月  22 14:20 db_all
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   3574 7月  22 14:17 db_databases
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 7月  22 14:15 dbschool_student
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1202 7月  22 14:13 dbzip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2305 7月  22 14:19 school_stru

10.还原MySQL数据库

1)、先删除数据库school

mysql5.7 [(none)]>drop database school;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

2）、还原数据库school

mysql5.7 [(none)]>source /backup/db1
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 10  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 3）、查看数据库列表

mysql5.7 [school]>show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| wp                 |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    | 男   |  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    | 男   |  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      | 女   |  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      | 男   |  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      | 女   |  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      | 男   |  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql5.7 [school]>

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

1）、先删除数据库school

mysql5.7 [school]>drop database school;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

2）、还原压缩的数据库school

[root@localhost backup]# zcat dbzip | mysql -uroot -pAdmin123!

 3）、查看还原情况

mysql5.7 [(none)]>show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| wp                 |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql5.7 [school]>show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| score            |
| student          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

1)、安装xtrabackup

[root@localhost tools]# ls
percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost tools]# yum localinstall percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y

2）、备份

[root@localhost backup]# innobackupex -u root -p Admin123! --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock 
[root@localhost mysql.sock]# ls
2023-07-22_16-31-51
[root@localhost mysql.sock]# ls 2023-07-22_16-31-51/
backup-my.cnf   ibdata1             school  xtrabackup_checkpoints
db_itheima      mysql               sys     xtrabackup_info
ib_buffer_pool  performance_schema  wp      xtrabackup_logfile
[root@localhost mysql.sock]# 

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/mysql.sock/2023-07-22_16-31-51/
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld.service 
[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --copy-back /tmp/mysql.sock/2023-07-22_16-31-51/
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p Admin123！ -S /tmp/mysql.sock -B school -o /backup/

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p Admin123! -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /backup/ -o -B school