Functions and Closures 函数和闭包
/Use func to declare a function.
Call a function by following its name with a list of arguments in parentheses.
Use -> to separate the parameter names and types from the function’s return type./
func greet(person: String, day: String) -> String {
return "Hello \(person), today is \(day)."
}
print(greet(person: "Bob", day: "Tuesday")) // Hello Bob, today is Tuesday.
返回实时日期【函数名称字同上，编译器并不会冲突或者报错】
func greet(person: String) -> String {
let day = Date()
return "Hello \(person), today is \(day)."
}
print(greet(person: "Bob")) // Hello Bob, today is 2018-01-06 09:18:09 +0000.
函数定义时, 如果你不想为第二个及后续的参数设置外部参数名, 用一个下划线（_）代替一个明确的参数名
/By default, functions use their parameter names as labels for their arguments. Write a custom argument label before the parameter name, or write _ to use no argument label./
func greet(_ person: String, on day: String) -> String {
return "Hello \(person), today is \(day)."
}
print(greet("Join", on: "Wednesday"))
或者酱紫，但是调用的时候可读性不强
func greet(_ person: String,_ day: String) -> String {
return "Hello \(person), today is \(day)."
}
print(greet("Jerry","Wednesday"))
巧妙访问数组元素，可以通过索引index，也可以通过名称【如下案例 ： statistics.sum】
func calculateStatistics(scores: [Int]) -> (min: Int, max: Int, sum: Int) {
var min = scores[0]
var max = scores[0]
var sum = 0
for score in scores {
if score > max {
max = score
} else if score < min {
min = score
}
sum += score
}
return (min, max, sum)
}
let statistics = calculateStatistics(scores: [5, 3, 100, 3, 9])
print(statistics.sum)
print(statistics.2)
函数嵌套函数【即在函数内声明函数】一般用于函数内部复杂的场景
/Functions can be nested. Nested functions have access to variables that were declared in the outer function. You can use nested functions to organize the code in a function that is long or complex./
func returnFifteen() -> Int {
var y = 10
func add() {
y += 5
}
add()
return y
}
returnFifteen()
函数作为函数的返回值
/Functions are a first-class type. This means that a function can return another function as its value./
func makeIncrementer() -> ((Int) -> Int) {
func addOne(number: Int) -> Int {
return 1 + number
}
return addOne
}
var increment = makeIncrementer()
print(increment) // (Function)
print(increment(7)) // 8
函数作为另一个函数的参数
func hasAnyMatches(list: [Int], condition: (Int) -> Bool) -> Bool {
for item in list {
if condition(item) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
func lessThanTen(number: Int) -> Bool {
return number < 10
}
var numbers = [20, 19, 7, 12]
hasAnyMatches(list: numbers, condition: lessThanTen)
闭包
/Functions are actually a special case of closures: blocks of code that can be called later. The code in a closure has access to things like variables and functions that were available in the scope where the closure was created, even if the closure is in a different scope when it is executed—you saw an example of this already with nested functions. You can write a closure without a name by surrounding code with braces ({}). Use in to separate the arguments and return type from the body./
// 总结一下就是：
// 1.函数也是闭包的一种形式，代码块可以延迟执行嘛
// 2.闭包卡伊访问外部的变量
// 3.形式就是这么简单 ({})
numbers.map({ (number: Int) -> Int in
let result = 3 * number
return result
})