内嵌tomcat使用方式（读取web.xml）

pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ImprogroupId>
    <artifactId>InternalTomcatartifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.2.3.RELEASEspring.version>
        <embed.tomcat.version>8.5.32embed.tomcat.version>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embedgroupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-coreartifactId>
            <version>${embed.tomcat.version}version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embedgroupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasperartifactId>
            <version>${embed.tomcat.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-supportartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
                exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-expressionartifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
                exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
                exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
                exclusion>
            exclusions>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
            <version>1.9.5version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrtartifactId>
            <version>1.9.5version>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-pluginartifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8source>
                    <target>8target>
                configuration>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>

project>

web.xml

DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Applicationdisplay-name>
    
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
        <param-value>classpath:config/spring.xmlparam-value>
    context-param>

    
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
    listener>

    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
            <param-value>classpath:config/springmvc.xmlparam-value>
        init-param>
    servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>
web-app>   

---

spring.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.impro.controller"/>

beans>

---

springmvc.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.impro.controller"/>
    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    bean>
beans>

---

TomcatStarter.java

package com.impro;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import java.io.File;

@ComponentScan
public class TomcatStarter {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws LifecycleException, ServletException {
            // 启动 tomcat
            Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
            tomcat.setPort(Integer.getInteger("port", 8080));
            tomcat.getConnector();
            // 创建 WebApp
            Context context = tomcat.addWebapp("/", new File("webapps/root").getAbsolutePath());
//            WebResourceRoot resources = new StandardRoot(context);
//            resources.addPreResources(
//                    new DirResourceSet(resources, "/WEB-INF/classes",
//                            new File("target/classes").getAbsolutePath(), "/"));
//            context.setResources(resources);

            tomcat.start();
            tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

}

---

UsersController.java

package com.impro.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController //代表类中返回值转换为json响应到浏览器
public class UsersController {
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String getUsersByPage() {
        return "abc";
    }
}

---

目录结构

注意：
springmvc、tomcat、jackson等依赖的版本，不兼容可能会导致各种报错
亲测可用版本
4.3.10.RELEASE
8.0.30
2.9.5