在开发app时,自适应问题是都需要解决的问题,一般大家的实现方式是
1. 给字体不同分辨率设置对应的sp,然后根据不同的分辨率显示对应的大小。
2.设置布局中的单位为dp,这样不同的手机,字体会自动变大变小。
笔者在开发中使用了第二种方法,使用了dp作为单位。这也导致在后续的测试中出现了下面的问题:
1. 当手动修改手机的【设置】中的【显示大小】后,app字体会自动变大导致布局错乱,超出范围
2. 现在很多手机,比如华为,可以在手机的【设置】中手动修改【分辨率】,一旦修改分辨率后,同样也会出现布局字体变大导致布局错乱。
那么怎么能够解决在不进行大的改动的情况下,来解决上面的2个问题,从而使修改【显示大小】后app中的字体保持不变。在修改【分辨率】后,app的字体会自动进行相应的缩放(类似于字体不变,其实是变了),从而保证字体看上去跟原先的没什么两样,保证字体不会因为分辨率修改而变大,导致app布局错乱。
解决方式:
思路:
写一个BaseActivity,所有的Activity都继承它。然后在它的attachBaseContext(Context newBase)声明周期中编写代码,代码通过设置不同的dpi,来保证了上面说的2个问题的解决。
举例说明:
关于问题一:比如,你手机的dpi是440,那么当你把手机的【设置】的【显示大小】的值变大时,手机会自动修改设置dpi为一个值,这也就出现了app字体变大或者变小的现象了。当我们重写attachBaseContext这个生命周期方发后,一旦修改【显示大小】后,便会进出方法,在方法中,我们只需固定dpi为默认的dpi值440就行,这样不管你怎么改,相同分辨率下,dpi不变,你的app中的字体就会不变了。
关于问题二:当手动修改分辨率时,跟修改【显示大小】的机制是不同的,修改分辨率后,因为dpi不会变,这就导致了字体会变大变小。那么怎么实现让字体不变呢(有可能会多少变一点点,因为计算时精确率问题,但总体不影响)。我们通过先获取到手机自带的那个默认分辨率,然后在获取修改后的当前分辨率,算出其缩放率(例如缩放率 = 新的宽度/默认的款的),然后用这个缩放率乘以默认dpi,然后把算出的dpi设置给app,这样就解决问题了。
代码实现:
首先需要一个工具了,这里叫做ScreenHelp.java
package jp.co.sharp.android.parents.kidsguard.utils;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.view.Display;
import android.view.IWindowManager;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* Screen Helper Class to get default dpi .
*/
public class ScreenHelper {
/**
* Dcm Log Tag .
*/
private static final String TAG = "ScreenHelper";
/**
* The defalut LDPI value .
*/
private static final int LDPI = DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT;
/**
* The defalut HDPI value .
*/
private static final int HDPI = DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_HIGH;
/**
* The defalut XHDPI value .
*/
private static final int XHDPI = DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_XHIGH;
/**
* The defalut XXHDPI value .
*/
private static final int XXHDPI = DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_XXHIGH;
/**
* The 560 dpi value .
*/
private static final int DPI_560 = DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_560;
/**
* The defalut XXXHDPI value .
*/
private static final int XXXHDPI = DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_XXXHIGH;
/**
* The standard 720p device width.
*/
private static final int DEFALUT_SCREEN_WIDTH = 720;
/**
* The standard 1080p device width.
*/
private static final int MEDIUM_SCREEN_WIDTH = 1080;
/**
* The standard 4k device width.
*/
private static final int HIGH_SCREEN_WIDTH = 1440;
/**
* The standard max device width.
*/
private static final int MAX_SCREEN_WIDTH = 2160;
/**
* The Max Screen DP to distinguish phone and tablet.
*/
private static final int MAX_SCREEN_DP = 600;
/**
* Default Mode Name .
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_MODE = "defaultMode";
/**
* getDefaultDpi.
* Note : get default dpi when Display Size has changed
*
* @param context attach activity context
* @return default dpi
*/
public int getDefaultDpi(Context context) {
WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
Display display = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay();
DisplayMetrics metrics = new DisplayMetrics();
display.getRealMetrics(metrics);
// boolean changed = isChangedResolution(display, metrics);
boolean changed = false;
// if it is tablet,no need to keep current dpi
// if (isTablet(context)) {
// return metrics.densityDpi;
// } else if (changed) {
// // get special device dpi
// return getSpecialDeviceDpi(metrics);
// } else {
// return getInitialDisplayDensity(metrics);
// }
return getInitialDisplayDensity(metrics);
}
private int getInitialDisplayDensity(DisplayMetrics metrics) {
int physicalDensity = metrics.densityDpi;
boolean isError = false;
try {
@SuppressLint("PrivateApi") Class> clazz = Class.forName("android.os.ServiceManager");
try {
@SuppressLint("DiscouragedPrivateApi") Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("checkService", String.class);
try {
IWindowManager mWindowManager = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) method.invoke(null, Context.WINDOW_SERVICE));
try {
if (mWindowManager != null) {
physicalDensity = mWindowManager.getInitialDisplayDensity(Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
isError = true;
}
} catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
isError = true;
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
isError = true;
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
isError = true;
}
if (isError) {
physicalDensity = getSpecialDeviceDpi(metrics);
}
return physicalDensity;
}
/**
* isChangedResolution.
* Note : check if huawei device
*
* @param display view display instance
* @param displayMetrics view displayMetrics to get some device screen attr
* @return true is huawei device,false is not
*/
// private boolean isChangedResolution(Display display, DisplayMetrics displayMetrics) {
// Display.Mode[] modes = display.getSupportedModes();
// if (modes.length > 1) {
// String displayInfo = display.toString();
//
// int firstIndex = displayInfo.indexOf(DEFAULT_MODE);
// int length = DEFAULT_MODE.length();
// String defaultModeInfo = displayInfo.substring(firstIndex);
// int firstSymbolIndex = defaultModeInfo.indexOf(",");
// String defaultMode = defaultModeInfo.substring(length, firstSymbolIndex);
// int defaultModeIndex = Integer.parseInt(defaultMode.replace(" ", ""));
// for (Display.Mode mode : modes) {
// if (mode.getModeId() == defaultModeIndex) {
// int defaultWidth = mode.getPhysicalWidth();
// return defaultWidth != displayMetrics.widthPixels;
// }
// }
// }
//
// // get the init screen Pixels
// int physicalWidth = display.getMode().getPhysicalWidth();
// int physicalHeight = display.getMode().getPhysicalHeight();
//
// // get current screen Pixels
// int currentWidth = displayMetrics.widthPixels;
// int currentHeight = displayMetrics.heightPixels;
//
// //if init size is different with current size, this means resolution
// //has changed
// if (physicalWidth != currentWidth && physicalHeight != currentHeight) {
// return true;
// }
//
// return false;
// }
/**
* getSpecialDeviceDpi.
* Note : when the Resolution could be changed, according to stardand Resolution to
* get the dpi
*
* @param displayMetrics display metrics instances
* @return standard dpi
*/
private int getSpecialDeviceDpi(DisplayMetrics displayMetrics) {
int widthPixels = displayMetrics.widthPixels;
int heightPixels = displayMetrics.heightPixels;
// get min Pixels.
int minPixels = Math.min(widthPixels, heightPixels);
// get the apposite dpi
if (minPixels < DEFALUT_SCREEN_WIDTH) {
return HDPI;
} else if (minPixels >= DEFALUT_SCREEN_WIDTH && minPixels < MEDIUM_SCREEN_WIDTH) {
return XHDPI;
} else if (minPixels >= MEDIUM_SCREEN_WIDTH && minPixels < HIGH_SCREEN_WIDTH) {
return XXHDPI;
} else if (minPixels >= HIGH_SCREEN_WIDTH && minPixels < MAX_SCREEN_WIDTH) {
return DPI_560;
} else {
return XXXHDPI;
}
}
/**
* isTablet.
* Note : check if current device is tablet.
*
* @param context attach activity context
* @return true is tablet, false is not
*/
// private boolean isTablet(Context context) {
// return context.getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.isTablet);
// }
/**
* get default resolution beacause HuaWei can setting multi resolution,
* this method can get the default when you change to another resolution
* @param context
* @return
*/
public int getDefaultResolutionWidth(Context context) {
WindowManager windowManager = (WindowManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
Display display = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay();
Display.Mode[] modes = display.getSupportedModes();
DisplayMetrics metrics = new DisplayMetrics();
display.getRealMetrics(metrics);
if (modes.length > 1) {
String displayInfo = display.toString();
int firstIndex = displayInfo.indexOf(DEFAULT_MODE);
int length = DEFAULT_MODE.length();
String defaultModeInfo = displayInfo.substring(firstIndex);
int firstSymbolIndex = defaultModeInfo.indexOf(",");
String defaultMode = defaultModeInfo.substring(length, firstSymbolIndex);
int defaultModeIndex = Integer.parseInt(defaultMode.replace(" ", ""));
for (Display.Mode mode : modes) {
if (mode.getModeId() == defaultModeIndex) {
int defaultWidth = mode.getPhysicalWidth();
return defaultWidth;
}
}
}
// get the init screen Pixels
int physicalWidth = display.getMode().getPhysicalWidth();
int physicalHeight = display.getMode().getPhysicalHeight();
return physicalWidth;
}
}
然后在BaseActivity这个基类中重写attachBaseContext方法(其他Activity要继承这个类昂),代码如下:
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context newBase) {
float scale = 0f;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 22) {
Resources res = newBase.getResources();
Configuration configuration = res.getConfiguration();
ScreenHelper screenHelper = new ScreenHelper();
int defaultDpi = screenHelper.getDefaultDpi(newBase);
// configuration.fontScale = 0.2f;
// configuration.densityDpi = defaultDpi;
int defaultWidth = screenHelper.getDefaultResolutionWidth(newBase);
DisplayMetrics metrics = newBase.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
int width = metrics.widthPixels;
if(defaultWidth !=width){
scale = new BigDecimal((float)width/defaultWidth).setScale(2, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).floatValue();
configuration.densityDpi = (int)(defaultDpi * scale);
}else {
configuration.densityDpi = defaultDpi;
}
Context newContext = newBase.createConfigurationContext(configuration);
super.attachBaseContext(newContext);
} else {
super.attachBaseContext(newBase);
}
}
到此就ok了,运行代码,然后修改【分辨率】和【显示大小】看看效果吧,是不是app中的字体都不会在变动了吧。