树莓派PICO+RC522读写M1卡

M1卡简介

M1芯片：全称为NXP Mifare1系列是由菲利浦子公司恩智浦生产。如常用的S50及S70。

M1卡的基本信息：

• 容量为8K位EEPROM
• 分为16个扇区，每个扇区为4块，每块16个字节,以块为存取单位
• 每个扇区有独立的一组密码及访问控制 l 每张卡有唯一序列号，为32位
• 具有防冲突机制，支持多卡操作
• 无电源，自带天线，内含加密控制逻辑和通讯逻辑电路
• 数据保存期为10年，可改写10万次，读无限次
• 工作温度：-20℃~50℃(湿度为90%) l 工作频率：13.56MHZ
• 通信速率：106 KBPS
• 读写距离：10 cm以内（与读写器有关）

M1卡的存储结构 ：

• M1卡分为16个扇区，每个扇区由4块（块0、块1、块2、块3）组成，将16个扇区的64个块按绝对地址编号为0~63，存贮结构如下图所示：

扇区	块		数据类型	地址编号
	块0	用户数据	数据块	0
扇区0	块1	用户数据	数据块	1
	块2	用户数据	数据块	2
	块3	密码A 存取控制 密码B	控制块	3
	块0	用户数据	数据块	4
扇区1	块1	用户数据	数据块	5
	块2	用户数据	数据块	6
	块3	密码A 存取控制 密码B	控制块	7
扇区n	…	…	…
	块0	用户数据	数据块	60
扇区15	块1	用户数据	数据块	61
	块2	用户数据	数据块	62
	块3	密码A 存取控制 密码B	控制块	63

• 第0扇区的块0（即绝对地址0块）出厂固化用于存放厂商代码，不可改写。
• 每个扇区的块0、块1、块2为数据块，可用于存贮数据。数据块可用作数据保存(读、写操作)。亦可用作数据值，可进行(初始化值、加值、减值、读值等操作)。
• 每个扇区的块3为控制块，包括了密码A、存取控制、密码B。具体结构如
  下：

密码A（6字节）	存取控制（4字节）	密码B（6字节）
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5	FF 07 80 69	B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

存取控制共4个字节，如:（FF 07 80 69），其中字节9为备用字节，存储结构如下：

bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
字节6	C23_b	C22_b	C21_b	C20_b	C13_b	C12_b	C11_b	C10_b
字节7	C13	C12	C11	C10	C33_b	C32_b	C31_b	C30_b
字节8	C33	C32	C31	C30	C23	C22	C21	C20
字节9

（注:_b表示取反）

树莓派PICO+RC522读写示例

micropython RC522库

mfrc522.py

from machine import Pin, SPI
from os import uname
 
 
class MFRC522:
 
    DEBUG = False
    OK = 0
    NOTAGERR = 1
    ERR = 2
 
    REQIDL = 0x26
    REQALL = 0x52
    AUTHENT1A = 0x60
    AUTHENT1B = 0x61
  
    PICC_ANTICOLL1 = 0x93
    PICC_ANTICOLL2 = 0x95
    PICC_ANTICOLL3 = 0x97
  
 
    def __init__(self, sck, mosi, miso, rst, cs,baudrate=1000000,spi_id=0):
 
        self.sck = Pin(sck, Pin.OUT)
        self.mosi = Pin(mosi, Pin.OUT)
        self.miso = Pin(miso)
        self.rst = Pin(rst, Pin.OUT)
        self.cs = Pin(cs, Pin.OUT)
 
        self.rst.value(0)
        self.cs.value(1)
        
        board = uname()[0]
 
        if board == 'WiPy' or board == 'LoPy' or board == 'FiPy':
            self.spi = SPI(0)
            self.spi.init(SPI.MASTER, baudrate=1000000, pins=(self.sck, self.mosi, self.miso))
        elif (board == 'esp8266') or (board == 'esp32'):
            self.spi = SPI(baudrate=100000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=self.sck, mosi=self.mosi, miso=self.miso)
            self.spi.init()
        elif board == 'rp2':
            self.spi = SPI(spi_id,baudrate=baudrate,sck=self.sck, mosi= self.mosi, miso= self.miso)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Unsupported platform")
 
        self.rst.value(1)
        self.init()
 
    def _wreg(self, reg, val):
 
        self.cs.value(0)
        self.spi.write(b'%c' % int(0xff & ((reg << 1) & 0x7e)))
        self.spi.write(b'%c' % int(0xff & val))
        self.cs.value(1)
 
    def _rreg(self, reg):
 
        self.cs.value(0)
        self.spi.write(b'%c' % int(0xff & (((reg << 1) & 0x7e) | 0x80)))
        val = self.spi.read(1)
        self.cs.value(1)
 
        return val[0]
 
    def _sflags(self, reg, mask):
        self._wreg(reg, self._rreg(reg) | mask)
 
    def _cflags(self, reg, mask):
        self._wreg(reg, self._rreg(reg) & (~mask))
 
    def _tocard(self, cmd, send):
 
        recv = []
        bits = irq_en = wait_irq = n = 0
        stat = self.ERR
 
        if cmd == 0x0E:
            irq_en = 0x12
            wait_irq = 0x10
        elif cmd == 0x0C:
            irq_en = 0x77
            wait_irq = 0x30
 
        self._wreg(0x02, irq_en | 0x80)
        self._cflags(0x04, 0x80)
        self._sflags(0x0A, 0x80)
        self._wreg(0x01, 0x00)
 
        for c in send:
            self._wreg(0x09, c)
        self._wreg(0x01, cmd)
 
        if cmd == 0x0C:
            self._sflags(0x0D, 0x80)
 
        i = 2000
        while True:
            n = self._rreg(0x04)
            i -= 1
            if ~((i != 0) and ~(n & 0x01) and ~(n & wait_irq)):
                break
 
        self._cflags(0x0D, 0x80)
 
        if i:
            if (self._rreg(0x06) & 0x1B) == 0x00:
                stat = self.OK
 
                if n & irq_en & 0x01:
                    stat = self.NOTAGERR
                elif cmd == 0x0C:
                    n = self._rreg(0x0A)
                    lbits = self._rreg(0x0C) & 0x07
                    if lbits != 0:
                        bits = (n - 1) * 8 + lbits
                    else:
                        bits = n * 8
 
                    if n == 0:
                        n = 1
                    elif n > 16:
                        n = 16
 
                    for _ in range(n):
                        recv.append(self._rreg(0x09))
            else:
                stat = self.ERR
 
        return stat, recv, bits
 
    def _crc(self, data):
 
        self._cflags(0x05, 0x04)
        self._sflags(0x0A, 0x80)
 
        for c in data:
            self._wreg(0x09, c)
 
        self._wreg(0x01, 0x03)
 
        i = 0xFF
        while True:
            n = self._rreg(0x05)
            i -= 1
            if not ((i != 0) and not (n & 0x04)):
                break
 
        return [self._rreg(0x22), self._rreg(0x21)]
 
    def init(self):
 
        self.reset()
        self._wreg(0x2A, 0x8D)
        self._wreg(0x2B, 0x3E)
        self._wreg(0x2D, 30)
        self._wreg(0x2C, 0)
        self._wreg(0x15, 0x40)
        self._wreg(0x11, 0x3D)
        self.antenna_on()
 
    def reset(self):
        self._wreg(0x01, 0x0F)
 
    def antenna_on(self, on=True):
 
        if on and ~(self._rreg(0x14) & 0x03):
            self._sflags(0x14, 0x03)
        else:
            self._cflags(0x14, 0x03)
 
    def request(self, mode):
 
        self._wreg(0x0D, 0x07)
        (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, [mode])
 
        if (stat != self.OK) | (bits != 0x10):
            stat = self.ERR
 
        return stat, bits
  
    def anticoll(self,anticolN):
 
        ser_chk = 0
        ser = [anticolN, 0x20]
 
        self._wreg(0x0D, 0x00)
        (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, ser)
 
        if stat == self.OK:
            if len(recv) == 5:
                for i in range(4):
                    ser_chk = ser_chk ^ recv[i]
                if ser_chk != recv[4]:
                    stat = self.ERR
            else:
                stat = self.ERR
 
        return stat, recv
 
    
    def PcdSelect(self, serNum,anticolN):
        backData = []
        buf = []
        buf.append(anticolN)
        buf.append(0x70)
        #i = 0
        ###xorsum=0;
        for i in serNum:
            buf.append(i)
        #while i<5:
        #    buf.append(serNum[i])
        #    i = i + 1
        pOut = self._crc(buf)
        buf.append(pOut[0])
        buf.append(pOut[1])
        (status, backData, backLen) = self._tocard( 0x0C, buf)
        if (status == self.OK) and (backLen == 0x18):
            return  1
        else:
            return 0
    
    
    def SelectTag(self, uid):
        byte5 = 0
        
        #(status,puid)= self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL1)
        #print("uid",uid,"puid",puid)
        for i in uid:
            byte5 = byte5 ^ i
        puid = uid + [byte5]
        
        if self.PcdSelect(puid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL1) == 0:
            return (self.ERR,[])
        return (self.OK , uid)
        
    def tohexstring(self,v):
        s="["
        for i in v:
            if i != v[0]:
                s = s+ ", "
            s=s+ "0x{:02X}".format(i)
        s= s+ "]"
        return s
        
  
            
    
    def SelectTagSN(self):
        valid_uid=[]
        (status,uid)= self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL1)
        #print("Select Tag 1:",self.tohexstring(uid))
        if status != self.OK:
            return  (self.ERR,[])
        
        if self.DEBUG:   print("anticol(1) {}".format(uid))
        if self.PcdSelect(uid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL1) == 0:
            return (self.ERR,[])
        if self.DEBUG:   print("pcdSelect(1) {}".format(uid))
        
        #check if first byte is 0x88
        if uid[0] == 0x88 :
            #ok we have another type of card
            valid_uid.extend(uid[1:4])
            (status,uid)=self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL2)
            #print("Select Tag 2:",self.tohexstring(uid))
            if status != self.OK:
                return (self.ERR,[])
            if self.DEBUG: print("Anticol(2) {}".format(uid))
            rtn =  self.PcdSelect(uid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL2)
            if self.DEBUG: print("pcdSelect(2) return={} uid={}".format(rtn,uid))
            if rtn == 0:
                return (self.ERR,[])
            if self.DEBUG: print("PcdSelect2() {}".format(uid))
            #now check again if uid[0] is 0x88
            if uid[0] == 0x88 :
                valid_uid.extend(uid[1:4])
                (status , uid) = self.anticoll(self.PICC_ANTICOLL3)
                #print("Select Tag 3:",self.tohexstring(uid))
                if status != self.OK:
                    return (self.ERR,[])
                if self.DEBUG: print("Anticol(3) {}".format(uid))
                if self.PcdSelect(uid,self.PICC_ANTICOLL3) == 0:
                    return (self.ERR,[])
                if self.DEBUG: print("PcdSelect(3) {}".format(uid))
        valid_uid.extend(uid[0:5])
        # if we are here than the uid is ok
        # let's remove the last BYTE whic is the XOR sum
        
        return (self.OK , valid_uid[:len(valid_uid)-1])
        #return (self.OK , valid_uid)
    
    
   
       
    
 
    def auth(self, mode, addr, sect, ser):
        return self._tocard(0x0E, [mode, addr] + sect + ser[:4])[0]
    
    def authKeys(self,uid,addr,keyA=None, keyB=None):
        status = self.ERR
        if keyA is not None:
            status = self.auth(self.AUTHENT1A, addr, keyA, uid)
        elif keyB is not None:
            status = self.auth(self.AUTHENT1B, addr, keyB, uid)
        return status
       
 
    def stop_crypto1(self):
        self._cflags(0x08, 0x08)
 
    def read(self, addr):
 
        data = [0x30, addr]
        data += self._crc(data)
        (stat, recv, _) = self._tocard(0x0C, data)
        return stat, recv
 
    def write(self, addr, data):
 
        buf = [0xA0, addr]
        buf += self._crc(buf)
        (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, buf)
 
        if not (stat == self.OK) or not (bits == 4) or not ((recv[0] & 0x0F) == 0x0A):
            stat = self.ERR
        else:
            buf = []
            for i in range(16):
                buf.append(data[i])
            buf += self._crc(buf)
            (stat, recv, bits) = self._tocard(0x0C, buf)
            if not (stat == self.OK) or not (bits == 4) or not ((recv[0] & 0x0F) == 0x0A):
                stat = self.ERR
        return stat
 
 
    def writeSectorBlock(self,uid, sector, block, data, keyA=None, keyB = None):
        absoluteBlock =  sector * 4 + (block % 4)
        if absoluteBlock > 63 :
            return self.ERR
        if len(data) != 16:
            return self.ERR
        if self.authKeys(uid,absoluteBlock,keyA,keyB) != self.ERR :
            return self.write(absoluteBlock, data)
        return self.ERR
 
    def readSectorBlock(self,uid ,sector, block, keyA=None, keyB = None):
        absoluteBlock =  sector * 4 + (block % 4)
        if absoluteBlock > 63 :
            return self.ERR, None
        if self.authKeys(uid,absoluteBlock,keyA,keyB) != self.ERR :
            return self.read(absoluteBlock)
        return self.ERR, None
 
    def MFRC522_DumpClassic1K(self,uid, Start=0, End=64, keyA=None, keyB=None):
        for absoluteBlock in range(Start,End):
            status = self.authKeys(uid,absoluteBlock,keyA,keyB)
            # Check if authenticated
            print("{:02d} S{:02d} B{:1d}: ".format(absoluteBlock, absoluteBlock//4 , absoluteBlock % 4),end="")
            if status == self.OK:                    
                status, block = self.read(absoluteBlock)
                if status == self.ERR:
                    break
                else:
                    for value in block:
                        print("{:02X} ".format(value),end="")
                    print("  ",end="")
                    for value in block:
                        if (value > 0x20) and (value < 0x7f):
                            print(chr(value),end="")
                        else:
                            print('.',end="")
                    print("")
            else:
                break
        if status == self.ERR:
            print("Authentication error")
            return self.ERR
        return self.OK

读扇区代码示例

mfrc522_read_sectory.py

from mfrc522 import MFRC522
import utime
 
reader = MFRC522(spi_id=0,sck=6,miso=4,mosi=7,cs=5,rst=22)
 
print("Bring TAG closer...")
print("")

while True:
    # 初始化读卡器
    reader.init()
    
    # 寻卡
    (stat, tag_type) = reader.request(reader.REQIDL)
    
    # 寻到卡
    if stat == reader.OK:
        (stat, uid) = reader.SelectTagSN()
        if stat == reader.OK:
            card = int.from_bytes(bytes(uid),"little",False)
            print("CARD ID: "+str(card))
            keyA = [0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF]
            keyB = [0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF]
            sector = 2 # M1卡分为16个扇区，每个扇区4块（0~3）共64块，按块号编址为0~63
            block = 0 # 0~3  每个块0,1,2为数据块存放用户数据，块3为控制字 6字节密码A+4字节控制字+6字节密码B  AAAAAAAAAAAACCCCCCCCBBBBBBBBBBBB
            (stat, recv) = reader.readSectorBlock(uid ,sector, block, keyA, None) # 验证密码A
            #(stat, recv) = reader.readSectorBlock(uid ,sector, block, None, keyB) # 验证密码B
            print(stat, recv)
    
utime.sleep_ms(500) 

写扇区代码示例

mfrc522_write_sectory.py

from mfrc522 import MFRC522
import utime
 
reader = MFRC522(spi_id=0,sck=6,miso=4,mosi=7,cs=5,rst=22)

print("Bring TAG closer...")
print("")

while True:
    # 初始化读卡器
    reader.init()
    
    # 寻卡
    (stat, tag_type) = reader.request(reader.REQIDL)
    
    # 找到卡
    if stat == reader.OK:
        (stat, uid) = reader.SelectTagSN()
        if stat == reader.OK:
            card = int.from_bytes(bytes(uid),"little",False)
            print("CARD ID: "+str(card))
            
            # 密码A,密码B 定义
            keyA = [0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF]
            keyB = [0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF]

            # 要操作的扇区
            sector = 2 # M1卡分为16个扇区，每个扇区4块（0~3）共64块，按块号编址为0~63
            # 要操作的块
            block = 0 # 0~3  每个块0,1,2为数据块存放用户数据，块3为控制字 6字节密码A+4字节控制字+6字节密码B

            # 读扇区数据
            (stat, recv) = reader.readSectorBlock(uid ,sector, block, keyA, None) # 验证密码A
            #(stat, recv) = reader.readSectorBlock(uid ,sector, block, None, keyB) # 验证密码B
            print(stat, recv)
            
            # 改扇区数据            
            data = [] # 数据长度必须为16个字节
            for x in range(0, 16):
                data.append(0x03)
                
            # 写扇区数据
            stat = reader.writeSectorBlock(uid, sector, block, data, keyA)
            if stat == reader.OK:
                print("write ok.")
            else:
                print("write error.")
                        
    utime.sleep_ms(1000)