Android 实现MQTT客户端,用于门禁消息推送

添加MQTT依赖

implementation ‘org.eclipse.paho:org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3:1.2.2’
implementation ‘org.eclipse.paho:org.eclipse.paho.android.service:1.1.1’

在Manifest清单文件中添加服务

<service android:name="org.eclipse.paho.android.service.MqttService" />

两种实现方法


MqttClient的实现方式

MQTT初始化连接线程,实现与服务器的连接、订阅、发布消息

    private class ConnectTask extends AsyncTask<Void, String, Boolean> {
        //MQTT连接线程,实现与服务器的连接、订阅、发布消息
        /**
         * 异步任务:AsyncTask
         * 1.Params:UI线程传过来的参数。
         * 2.Progress:发布进度的类型。
         * 3.Result:返回结果的类型。耗时操作doInBackground的返回结果传给执行之后的参数类型。
         *
         * 执行流程:
         * 1.onPreExecute()
         * 2.doInBackground()-->onProgressUpdate()
         * 3.onPostExecute()
         */

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() //执行耗时操作之前处理UI线程事件
        {
            super.onPreExecute();
            isConnecting = true;
            connectionStatusTextView.setText("Connecting...");
        }

        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... voids)
        {
            //在此方法执行耗时操作,耗时操作中收发MQTT服务器的数据
            //MQTT服务器地址
            String brokerUrl = "tcp://www.10086.com:1883";
            //客户端ID,用于在MQTT服务器上
            String clientId = MqttClient.generateClientId();
            try {
                mqttClient = new MqttClient(brokerUrl, clientId, new MemoryPersistence());
            } catch (MqttException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            MqttConnectOptions connectOptions = new MqttConnectOptions();
            connectOptions.setCleanSession(true);
            //mqtt服务器用户名和密码
            connectOptions.setUserName("username");
            connectOptions.setPassword("password".toCharArray());
            connectOptions.setWill("断线消息主题","断线消息内容".getBytes(),1,true);
            connectOptions.setConnectionTimeout(10);
            connectOptions.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
            try {
                mqttClient.connect(connectOptions);
                mqttClient.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void connectionLost(Throwable throwable) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "连接丢失");//连接丢失的时候可以在这里进行重新连接
                        publishProgress("Connection lost, reconnecting...");
                        new ReconnectTask().execute();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
                        Log.i(TAG, "收到消息:"+message.toString());
                        if (topic.equals("sensors/temperature")) {
                            // Update temperature reading
                            publishProgress("Temperature: " + message.toString());
                        } else if (topic.equals("sensors/humidity")) {
                            // Update humidity reading
                            publishProgress("Humidity: " + message.toString());
                        } else if (topic.equals("leds/led1/status")) {
                            // Update LED 1 status
                            if (message.toString().equals("on")) {
                                publishProgress("LED 1 is on");
                                ledStatusImageView.setText("LED 1 is on");
                            } else {
                                publishProgress("LED 1 is off");
                                ledStatusImageView.setText("LED 1 is off");
                            }
                        } else if (topic.equals("leds/led2/status")) {
                            // Update LED 2 status
                            if (message.toString().equals("on")) {
                                publishProgress("LED 2 is on");
                                ledStatusImageView.setText("LED 2 is on");
                            } else {
                                publishProgress("LED 2 is off");
                                ledStatusImageView.setText("LED 2 is off");
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken iMqttDeliveryToken) {
                        Log.i(TAG, "成功发送");
                    }
                });
                //这里是订阅的话题
                /**
                 * subscribe的第二个参数如果是消息等级,其代表的意义是:
                 *
                 * qos = 0 : 消息最多发送一次,在客户端离线等不可用的情况下客户端将会丢失这条消息。
                 *
                 * qos = 1 : 消息至少发送一次,能保证客户端能收到该条消息。
                 *
                 * qos = 2 : 消息仅传送一次。
                 */
                mqttClient.subscribe("zhyj/temperature",1);
                mqttClient.subscribe("zhyj/mj1/status",1);
                mqttClient.subscribe("zhyj/mj22/status",1);
            } catch (MqttException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Error connecting to MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
                publishProgress("Error connecting to MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(String... values) {
            //用于在主线程处理doInBackground()方法执行完毕后的结果,更新UI或者执行其它操作
            super.onProgressUpdate(values);
            connectionStatusTextView.setText(values[0]);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean aBoolean)
        {
            //用于在主线程处理doInBackground()方法执行完毕后的结果,更新UI或者执行其它操作
            super.onPostExecute(aBoolean);
            isConnecting = false;
            if (aBoolean) {
                connectionStatusTextView.setText("Connected");
            }
        }
    }

MQTT重连

    private class ReconnectTask extends AsyncTask<Void, String, Boolean> {

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            isConnecting = true;
            connectionStatusTextView.setText("Reconnecting...");
        }

        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... voids) {
            if (mqttClient != null && mqttClient.isConnected()) {
                try {
                    mqttClient.disconnect();
                } catch (MqttException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Error disconnecting from MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            return new ConnectTask().doInBackground();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean aBoolean) {
            super.onPostExecute(aBoolean);
            isConnecting = false;
            if (aBoolean) {
                connectionStatusTextView.setText("Connected");
            }
        }
    }

MQTT断开

 private class DisconnectTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            connectionStatusTextView.setText("Disconnecting...");
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
            if (mqttClient != null && mqttClient.isConnected()) {
                try {
                    mqttClient.disconnect();
                } catch (MqttException e) {
                    Log.e("dbj", "Error disconnecting from MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Void aVoid) {
            super.onPostExecute(aVoid);
            connectionStatusTextView.setText("Disconnected");
            ledStatusImageView.setText("Disconnected");
        }
    }

发送消息

private class ToggleLedTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Void> {

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(String... strings) {
            if (mqttClient != null && mqttClient.isConnected()) {
                String topic = "zhyj/" + strings[0] + "/control";
                MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage();
                if (ledStatusImageView.getText().toString().contains("on")) {
                    message.setPayload("off".getBytes());
                } else {
                    message.setPayload("on".getBytes());
                }
                try {
                    //publish()的第三个参数和subscribe的第二个参数的qos同理
                    mqttClient.publish(topic, message);
                } catch (MqttException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Error publishing message: " + e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }


MqttAndroidClient service的实现方式

配置文件添加 MQTTService

public class MQTTService extends Service {

    public static final String TAG = "dxj";

    private static MqttAndroidClient client;
    private MqttConnectOptions conOpt;

    private String host = "tcp://www.10086.com:1883";
    private String userName = "";
    private String passWord = "";
    private static String myTopic = "zhyj_mj";      //要订阅的主题
    private String clientId = "";//客户端标识
    private IGetMessageCallBack IGetMessageCallBack;



    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.e(getClass().getName(), "onCreate");
        init();
    }

    public static void publish(String msg) {
        try {
            if (client != null) {
                client.publish(myTopic, msg.getBytes(), 1, false);
            }
        } catch (MqttException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.e(TAG, "Error connecting to MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private void init() {
        // 服务器地址(协议+地址+端口号)
        String uri = host;
        client = new MqttAndroidClient(this, uri, clientId);
        // 设置MQTT监听并且接受消息
        client.setCallback(mqttCallback);

        conOpt = new MqttConnectOptions();
        // 这个标志是标志客户端,服务端是否要保持持久化的一个标志。默认是true
        //设置客户端和服务端重启或重连后是否需要记住之前的状态
        conOpt.setCleanSession(false);
        // 设置超时时间,单位:秒
        conOpt.setConnectionTimeout(10);
        // 心跳包发送间隔,单位:秒
        conOpt.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
        //连接丢失的情况下,客户端将尝试重新连接到服务器。
        // 在尝试重新连接之前,它最初将等待1秒,对于每次失败的重新连接尝试,
        // 延迟将加倍,直到达到2分钟,此时延迟将保持在2分钟
//        conOpt.setAutomaticReconnect(true);

        // 用户名
        conOpt.setUserName(userName);
        // 密码
        conOpt.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());     //将字符串转换为字符串数组

        // last will message
        boolean doConnect = true;
        String message = "{\"terminal_uid\":\"" + clientId + "\"}";
        Log.e(getClass().getName(), "message是:" + message);
        String topic = myTopic;
        // 最后的遗嘱
        // MQTT本身就是为信号不稳定的网络设计的,所以难免一些客户端会无故的和Broker断开连接。
        //当客户端连接到Broker时,可以指定LWT,Broker会定期检测客户端是否有异常。
        //当客户端异常掉线时,Broker就往连接时指定的topic里推送当时指定的LWT消息。
        try {
            conOpt.setWill(topic, message.getBytes(), 1, false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.i(TAG, "Exception Occured", e);
            doConnect = false;
            iMqttActionListener.onFailure(null, e);
        }

        if (doConnect) {
            doClientConnection();
        }

    }


    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
         stopSelf();
        try {
            if (isAlreadyConnected()) {
                client.disconnect();
                client.unregisterResources();
            }
            IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("断开连接");
        } catch (MqttException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.e(TAG, "Error connecting to MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
        }
      
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    /**
     * 连接MQTT服务器
     */
    private void doClientConnection() {
        if (!isAlreadyConnected() && isConnectIsNormal()) {
            try {
                client.connect(conOpt, null, iMqttActionListener);
            } catch (MqttException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.e(TAG, "Error connecting to MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }

    }

    // MQTT是否连接成功
    private IMqttActionListener iMqttActionListener = new IMqttActionListener() {

        @Override
        public void onSuccess(IMqttToken arg0) {
            try {
                /**
                 * subscribe的第二个参数如果是消息等级,其代表的意义是:
                 *
                 * qos = 0 : 消息最多发送一次,在客户端离线等不可用的情况下客户端将会丢失这条消息。
                 *
                 * qos = 1 : 消息至少发送一次,能保证客户端能收到该条消息。
                 *
                 * qos = 2 : 消息仅传送一次。
                 */
                client.subscribe("zhyj/mj/status", 1);
                IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("连接成功");
            } catch (MqttException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("连接失败");
                Log.e(TAG, "Error connecting to MQTT broker: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(IMqttToken arg0, Throwable arg1) {
            arg1.printStackTrace();
            // 连接失败,重连
            Log.e(TAG, "Error publishing message: " + arg0.toString());
            IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("连接失败");
        }
    };

    // MQTT监听并且接受消息
    private MqttCallback mqttCallback = new MqttCallback() {

        @Override
        public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
            IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("收到消息");

            String str1 = new String(message.getPayload());
            if (IGetMessageCallBack != null) {
                IGetMessageCallBack.setMessage(str1);
            }
            String str2 = topic + ";qos:" + message.getQos() + ";retained:" + message.isRetained();
            Log.i(TAG, "messageArrived:" + str1);
            Log.i(TAG, str2);
        }

        @Override
        public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken arg0) {
            IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("成功发送");
        }

        @Override
        public void connectionLost(Throwable arg0) {
            // 失去连接,重连
            Log.e(TAG, "连接丢失 isAlreadyConnected=" + isAlreadyConnected());
            IGetMessageCallBack.setStatus("连接丢失");

        }
    };

    /**
     * 判断网络是否连接
     */
    private boolean isConnectIsNormal() {
        ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) this.getApplicationContext()
                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        NetworkInfo info = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        if (info != null && info.isAvailable()) {
            String name = info.getTypeName();
            Log.e(TAG, "MQTT当前网络名称:" + name);
            return true;
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "MQTT 没有可用网络");
            return false;
        }
    }


    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.e(getClass().getName(), "onBind");
        return new CustomBinder();
    }

    public void setIGetMessageCallBack(IGetMessageCallBack IGetMessageCallBack) {
        this.IGetMessageCallBack = IGetMessageCallBack;
    }

    public class CustomBinder extends Binder {
        public MQTTService getService() {
            Log.e(getClass().getName(), "CustomBinder");
            return MQTTService.this;
        }
    }

    public void toCreateNotification(String message) {
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 1, new Intent(this, MQTTService.class), PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
        NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);//3、创建一个通知,属性太多,使用构造器模式

        Notification notification = builder
                .setTicker("test_title")
                .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setContentTitle("")
                .setContentText(message)
                .setContentInfo("")
                .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)//点击后才触发的意图,“挂起的”意图
                .setAutoCancel(true)        //设置点击之后notification消失
                .build();
        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        startForeground(0, notification);
        notificationManager.notify(0, notification);

    }

    public boolean isAlreadyConnected() {
        if (client != null) {
            try {
                boolean result = client.isConnected();
                if (result) {
                    return true;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}
为了方便Service与Acitivity之间的通信,创建一个工具类作为桥梁
public class MyServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection {

    private MQTTService mqttService;
    private IGetMessageCallBack IGetMessageCallBack;

    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
        mqttService = ((MQTTService.CustomBinder)iBinder).getService();
        mqttService.setIGetMessageCallBack(IGetMessageCallBack);
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {

    }

    public MQTTService getMqttService(){
        return mqttService;
    }

    public void setIGetMessageCallBack(IGetMessageCallBack IGetMessageCallBack){
        this.IGetMessageCallBack = IGetMessageCallBack;
    }

几个重要的参数
MqttConnectOptions.setAutomaticReconnect(true)

true表示支持自动重连
连接丢失的情况下,客户端将尝试重新连接到服务器。
在尝试重新连接之前,它最初将等待1秒,对于每次失败的重新连接尝试,
延迟将加倍,直到达到2分钟,此时延迟将保持在2分钟

MqttConnectOptions.setCleanSession(true)

官方注释:
如果设置为false,则客户端和服务器将在重新启动客户端、服务器和连接时保持状态。当状态保持时:
即使重新启动客户端、服务器或连接,消息传递也将可靠地满足指定的QOS。
服务器会将订阅视为持久订阅。
如果设置为true,则客户端和服务器将不会在重新启动客户端、服务器或连接时保持状态。这意味着
如果重新启动客户端、服务器或连接,则无法维持向指定QOS的消息传递

这个标志是标志客户端,服务端是否要保持持久化的一个标志。默认是true
设置客户端和服务端重启或重连后是否需要记住之前的状态。
当setCleanSession为true时,客户端掉线或服务端重启后,服务端和客户端会清掉之前的 session, 重连后客户端会有一个新的session。离线期间发来QoS=0,1,2的消息一律接收不到,且所有之前订阅的topic需要重新订阅。
··························································································
当setCleanSession为false时, 客户端掉线或服务端重启后,服务端和客户端不会清除之前的session。重连后session将会恢复,客户端不用重新订阅主题。且离线期间发来QoS=0,1,2的消息仍然可以接收到。

这里有个需要注意的地方,即setCleanSession为true时,掉线后客户端设置了setAutomaticReconnect为true才会自动重连。为当setCleanSession为false时。不管setAutomaticReconnect为true或者false都会自动重连。

MqttConnectOptions.setKeepAliveInterval(30);

心跳包发送间隔,单位:秒
MQTT客户端(client)在没有收到或发布任何消息时仍然是保持连接的。服务端(the broker)需要跟踪客户端的连接状态。 所有需要发送心跳包来确定客户端是否是连接状态。心跳包发送的时间间隔就是keepalive设置的。
服务端会维持一个timer。当这个timer记录的时间超过1.5倍keepalive值时,服务端会将这个客户端标记为断开连接,并发送Last Will and Testament (LWT)遗言广播。
每次客户端发送或接收一个消息, 服务端会重置这个timer。

按具体业务场景修改使用即可

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