今日导读
网上现在流行这样一种打趣的说法:“你是不是想把我笑死,好继承我的蚂蚁花呗/黄钻贵族 QQ 号/微博会员……”。虽说这只是一个笑话,但天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福,如果有一天意外真的来临,那么那些账号究竟会被如何处理呢?我记录生活点滴的珍贵照片会不会被删除?我偷偷写给自己一个人看的日记,会不会被公之于众?我尊贵的会员身份到底由谁来继承?今天这篇《卫报》的文章,就带你一起来探讨一下这些疑问。
新闻原文
What happens to our data when we die? Elaine Kasket on a digital dilemma
The Guardian
查看新闻源址
Elaine Kasket is a counselling psychologist based in London. Her first book, All the Ghosts in the Machine: Illusions of Immortality in the Digital Age, examines the ethical and technical issues surrounding our data when we die.
At some point there will be more dead Facebook accounts than live ones.
The Oxford Internet Institute recently predicted there could be 2bn dead Facebook accounts by the end of the century.
That’s a lot of data…
Although we’re doubling what we can store every couple of years, it’s not, like infinite — and our devices capture more and more stuff by default. That surplus data, either with the aid of artificial intelligence or human decision making will be jettisoned, and big tech will be making those decisions.
Meanwhile, people have to act like hackers to gain access to their relatives’ accounts…
They are forced to break the law. They are impersonating people, using other people’s passwords… I’m not sure if I’m happy to leave someone a set of my passwords; they might find things that were important, but they would have access to everything else. Even if one isn’t harbouring toxic secrets, that’s still quite a thing.
What’s the bare minimum you’d advise people to do?
It’s a good idea to clean your digital house frequently. If nothing else, you don’t want relatives buried under a hundredweight of undifferentiated data with no sense of what is important to you. The default is to become a digital extreme hoarder, with data up to the rafters. The things which are really important to you, the artefacts you want to pass on to future generations, put them in a physical form. You cannot trust corporations to safeguard your data.
带着问题听讲解
标题中提到的“a digital dilemma”具体指什么?
如何理解“a digital extreme hoarder”?
你认为人们去世之后,他们的网络账号应该被如何处理?
新闻正文
What happens to our data when we die? Elaine Kasket on a digital dilemma
伊莱恩·卡斯凯特谈数字困境:我们死后遗留的数据将何去何从?
Elaine Kasket is a counsellingpsychologist based in London. Her first book, All the Ghosts in the Machine: Illusions of Immortality in the Digital Age, examines the ethical and technical issues surrounding our data when we die.
伊莱恩·卡斯凯特是伦敦的一位心理咨询专家。她的第一本书《计算机里的“幽灵”:数据时代中,长生不死的假象》探讨了在我们逝世以后,围绕我们的个人数据产生的道德和技术问题。
At some point there will be more dead Facebook accounts than live ones.
到了某个时候,死亡的 Facebook 账号会比活着的更多。
The Oxford Internet Institute recently predicted there could be 2bn dead Facebook accounts by the end of the century.
牛津互联网研究院最近预测,到了本世纪末的时候,Facebook 可能会有 20 亿死亡账户。
That’s a lot of data…
那将是海量数据……
Although we’re doubling what we can store every couple of years, it’s not, like infinite — and our devices capture more and more stuff by default. That surplus data, either with the aid of artificial intelligence or human decision making, will be jettisoned, and big tech will be making those decisions.
虽然我们每隔几年就能把可以存储数据的空间增加一倍,但这并不等于说,它能无限扩容。同时,我们的计算机设备在默认状态下,会去采集存储越来越多的数据资料。而那些过剩的数据就会被处理掉,可能是借助人工智能技术操作,也可能是依靠人力手动筛选,而大型科技公司会作出相关的决策。
Meanwhile, people have to act like hackers to gain access to their relatives’ accounts…
而与此同时,人们不得不像黑客一样去获取他们亲人的账号的访问权限……
They are forced to break the law. They are impersonating people, using other people’s passwords… I’m not sure if I’m happy to leave someone a set of my passwords; they might find things that were important, but they would have access to everything else. Even if one isn’t harbouring toxicsecrets, that’s still quite a thing.
他们被迫违反法律。他们假冒他人,用别人的密码……我不确定我会不会愿意把自己的密码留给某人,他们可能会找到一些重要的东西,但他们也会获得查看所有其他信息的手段。即使已故之人并没有怀揣恶毒的私心,这也依然是件不得了的事情。
What’s the bare minimum you’d advise people to do?
你建议人们应该最起码做到哪些事情?
It’s a good idea to clean your digital house frequently. If nothing else, you don’t want relatives buried under a hundredweight of undifferentiated data with no sense of what is important to you. The default is to become a digital extreme hoarder, with data up to the rafters. The things which are really important to you, the artefacts you want to pass on to future generations, put them in a physical form. You cannot trust corporations to safeguard your data.
频繁地清理你的数据库是一个很好的主意。不说别的,你也不想你的亲人淹没在成吨的没有任何区分标记的信息中,完全无法察觉到哪些信息对你来说是重要的。默认的情况是成为一个极端数据囤积狂,将数据一直堆到房顶。而那些对你来说真的重要的事情,那些你想要代代相传的作品,你需要把它们以一种实体的形式存放下来。你不能信任大公司,靠它们保护你的数据。
重点词汇
dilemma
/daɪˈlemə/
n.(进退两难的)窘境,困境
搭配短语:the dilemma of adolescence
counselling
/ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/
n.(职业性的)辅导,咨询
immortality
/ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/
n. 不朽,永生
反义词:mortality(n. 死亡;死亡率)
相关词汇:mortal(adj. 可朽的;n. 凡人)
mortal 例句:All men are mortal. (adj.)
词义辨析
immortality, eternity, infinity
immortality 强调生命的不朽,eternity 强调时间意义上的永恒,而 infinity 通常指数量上、空间上或者可能性的无穷无尽。
jettison
/ˈdʒetɪsn/
v. 放弃;丢弃
英文释义:to get rid of sth.
近义词:discard
例句:The scheme is jettisoned.
hacker
/ˈhækər/
n. 黑客(非法窃取计算机数据的人)
impersonate
/ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/
v. 冒充,假扮
英文释义:to pretend to be sb.
搭配短语:impersonate a police officer
toxic
/ˈtɑːksɪk/
adj. 恶毒的,造成阴影的
搭配短语:toxic enemies
undifferentiated
/ˌʌndɪfəˈrenʃieɪtɪd/
adj. 无法区分的,一体的
相关词汇:different(adj. 不同的)
相关词汇:differentiate(v. 区别,分辨)
相关词汇:undifferentiate(v. 不区别)
hoarder
/ˈhɔːrdər/
n. 囤户,贮藏者
词性拓展:hoard(v. 贮藏,囤积)
搭配短语:hoard food(囤积食物)
rafter
/ˈræftər/
n. 椽
artefact
/ˈɑːrtɪfækt/
n. 手工艺品,人工制品
同义词:artifact
补充词汇知识
sb. on sth.
某人就某事发表看法
搭配短语:the mayor on environmental protection
based in
强调工作的地方
搭配短语:a programmer based in Shenzhen(在深圳工作的程序员)
technical issues
技术问题
ethical issues
道德问题
The Oxford Internet Institute
牛津大学互联网学院
double
v. 加倍;增加一倍
every + 数量词 + 名词
每隔一段时间就如何如何
couple
n. 两个
couple of
几件事物
英文释义:a small number of things
pet phrase
口头禅
capture
v. 采集
英文释义:to put sth. into a computer in a form it can use
default
n. 默认状态,系统预设状态
搭配短语:by default(默认)
surplus
adj. 过剩的,多余的
either A or B
要么是 A 要么是 B
access
n. 访问权限
英文释义:the action or process of obtaining or retrieving information stored in a computer's memory
搭配短语:gain access to(获取访问权)
搭配短语:have access to(有权接触到)
harbour
v. 心存(某种不好的想法)
英文释义:to keep bad thoughts, fears, or hopes in your mind
词性拓展:harbour(n. 港湾)
quite
adj. 不同寻常的
例句:Shanghai is quite a city!
bare minimum
最低限度
相关词汇:bare(最少的);minimum(最少)
if nothing else
在特定情况下,最要紧最正确的事情是;不说别的
want sb. + 过去分词
希望某人被如何如何
例句:I want my work recognised.(我希望我的工作被认可)
hundredweight
112 磅(英);100 磅(美)
put
v. 使某事处于特定的状态
词义辨析
immortality, eternity, infinity
immortality 强调生命的不朽,eternity 强调时间意义上的永恒,而 infinity 通常指数量上,空间上或者可能性的无穷无尽。
长难句解析
That surplus data, either with the aid of artificial intelligence or human decision making, will be jettisoned.
而那些过剩的数据就会被处理掉,可能是借助人工智能技术操作,也可能是依靠人力手动筛选。
主句为 That surplus data will be jettisoned,中间 either with the aid of artificial intelligence or human decision making 是这句话的方式状语,它的核心结构是 either A or B,表示一种选择,A 就是 with the aid of artificial intelligence,而 B 是 with human decision making,其中 B 部分省略了 with。
拓展阅读
美国“雅虎邮箱继承案”
迄今最为著名的要求得到去世亲人邮箱密码的案件发生在美国——“美国雅虎邮箱继承案”。
2004 年,一位美国海军陆战队队员在伊拉克执行任务时牺牲,其父向雅虎索要邮箱帐号密码,以便获得儿子在雅虎邮箱中保存的照片、文字以及其他数据资料以作缅怀。但雅虎公司以保护用户的隐私权为由,拒绝了这一要求。
于是死者父母将雅虎公司诉至法院。最终,法官判决:要求雅虎公司将相关的数据资料刻成光碟,交给死者的父亲,但未要求提供帐号密码。
德国首例“数字遗产案”
2012 年,德国一名 15 岁少女因地铁事故死亡。死者父母希望通过女儿在 Facebook 上的动态,了解她是否有自杀倾向。但在使用女儿此前与之共享的帐号密码登录时,却发现帐号已无法正常登录进入了“纪念状态”。 为此,他们希望 Facebook 恢复帐号,以便登录帐号查看聊天记录等内容数据。
但是,Facebook 坚持保护用户隐私的立场,认为死者的帐号不仅涉及死者的隐私,还涉及与之交往的社交好友的隐私,所以拒绝向死者的父母提供社交帐号及内容数据,也拒绝恢复帐号、提供完整的帐号登录权限。
于是,死者的父母向柏林地区法院提起诉讼,以账号继承人的身份要求 Facebook 恢复帐号的登录权限、提供内容数据。最终,2018 年,德国联邦最高法院在第三次判决中作出裁决:允许死者的亲属登陆死者的 Facebook 帐户,并指出,网络合同也是遗产的一部分,“数字遗产”不应被区别对待。作为监护人,父母有权知道未成年子女的网络信息。