一、什么是带宽?
带宽也叫做频宽,是指在固定的时间可传输的资料数量,可以用来标识信号传输的数据传输能力、标识单位时间内通过链路的数据量、标识显示器的显示能力。也可以指内存总线所能提供的数据传输能力。通常以bps表示,即每秒可传输之位数,常以每秒传送的周期或者赫兹来表示。
二、反向ARP和免费ARP
反向ARP:
反向 ARP 是局域网中的客户端计算机使用的一种网络协议,用于从网关路由器的 ARP 表中请求其 Internet 协议地址 (IPv4)。网络管理员在 gateway-router 中创建一个表,用于将 MAC 地址映射到相应的 IP 地址。当设置新机器或任何没有内存来存储 IP 地址的机器时,需要一个 IP 地址供自己使用。因此,机器发送一个 RARP 广播数据包,该数据包在发送方和接收方硬件地址字段中包含自己的 MAC 地址。
局域网内配置的特殊主机,称为 RARP-server 负责回复此类广播数据包。现在 RARP 服务器尝试找出 IP 到 MAC 地址映射表中的条目。如果表中的任何条目匹配,RARP 服务器将响应数据包与 IP 地址一起发送到请求设备。
以太网、以太网 II、令牌环和光纤分布式数据接口 (FDDI) 等 LAN 技术支持地址解析协议。
RARP 没有在今天的网络中使用。因为我们有很多很棒的特色协议,比如 BOOTP(引导协议)和 DHCP(动态主机配置协议)
免费ARP:
免费地址解析协议用于提前网络场景。这是计算机在启动时执行的操作。当计算机第一次启动时(网卡通电),它会自动向整个网络广播它的 MAC 地址。在每台交换机都知道计算机的免费 ARP MAC 地址之后,如果需要,允许 DHCP 服务器知道将 IP 地址发送到哪里。免费 ARP 可能意味着免费 ARP 请求和免费 ARP 回复,但并非所有情况都需要。免费 ARP 请求是一个数据包,其中源和目标 IP 都设置为发出数据包的机器的 IP,目标 MAC 是广播地址 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ;不会出现回复包。免费 ARP 是非 ARP 请求提示的 ARP 回复。免费地址解析协议可用于检测 IP 冲突。免费 ARP 还用于更新 ARP 映射表和交换机端口 MAC 地址表。
三、静态路由实验
1、子网划分
192.168.1.0/24 划分5个网段
(1)骨干链路192.168.1.0/27
192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.20/30
(2)R1 环回192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.33/28
192.168.1.49/28
(3)R2 环回192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.65/28
192.168.1.81/28
(4)R3 环回192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.97/28
1922.168.1.113/28
(5)R4 环回192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.129/28
192.168.1.145/28
2、配置路由
R8
[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 3
[R8]interface lo
[R8]interface LoopBack 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R8-LoopBack0]quit
[R8]inter
[R8]interface loo
[R8]interface LoopBack 1
[R8-LoopBack1]ip a
[R8-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[R8]interface G0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
R9
[R9]interface G
[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Dec 26 2022 16:11:33-08:00 R9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R9]int
[R9]interface G
[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[R9]interface LoopBack 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[R9-LoopBack0]quit
[R9]int
[R9]interface loo
[R9]interface LoopBack 1
[R9-LoopBack1]ip add
[R9-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
R10
[R10]inter
[R10]interface G0/0/1
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
Dec 26 2022 16:23:53-08:00 R10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R10]int
[R10]interface G0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[R10]interface LoopBack 0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[R10-LoopBack0]quit
[R10]inter
[R10]interface loo
[R10]interface LoopBack 1
[R10-LoopBack1]ip add
[R10-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
R11
[R11]interface G0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
Dec 26 2022 16:16:15-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R11]inter
[R11]interface G0/0/2
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.9 30\
^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Dec 26 2022 16:17:01-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R11]inter
[R11]interface loo
[R11]interface LoopBack 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R11-LoopBack0]quit
[R11]inter
[R11]interface loo
[R11]interface LoopBack 1
[R11-LoopBack1]ip add
[R11-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[R11-LoopBack1]quit
[R11]inter
[R11]interface G8/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet8/0/0]ip ad
[R11-GigabitEthernet8/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet8/0/0]
Dec 26 2022 16:22:27-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet8/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R11-GigabitEthernet8/0/0]quit
[R11]int
[R11]interface G0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
R12
[R12]interface G0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Dec 26 2022 16:20:14-08:00 R12 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R12]in
[R12]int
[R12]interface G0/0/1
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip addr
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[R12]interface loo
[R12]interface LoopBack 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip ad
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.0 24
3、配置连接静态路由
R8
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.2
[R8]ip rout
[R8]ip route-st
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R8]ip r
[R8]ip rou
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.21
[R8]ip route
[R8]ip route-
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.27
[R8]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.27
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.27
R9
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.6
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R9]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.6
R10
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.22
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.22
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.22
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.22
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.22
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.22
[R10]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.22
R11
[R11]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R11]ip rou
[R11]ip route-
[R11]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.5
[R11]display ip r
[R11]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R11]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R11]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.5
R12
[R12]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.9
[R12]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R12]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.9
[R12]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.9
4、配置缺省路由
[R8]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R8]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.21
[R9]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[R10]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.17
[R11]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R11]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.13