postgresql 常用命令

postgresql 常用命令

yum install postgresql-server postgresql

su - postgres

initdb -D /var/lib/pgsql/data

bash-4.1$ service postgresql start

Starting postgresql service: /etc/init.d/postgresql: line 114: echo: write error: Permission denied

bash-4.1$ exit

exit

[root@cdh2 local]# service postgresql start

Starting postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

[root@cdh2 local]# 

[root@cdh2 local]# su - postgres

-bash-4.1$ 

-bash-4.1$ service postgresql status

postmaster (pid  9745) is running...

-bash-4.1$ 

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2013/12/getting_started_with_postgresql.html

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2013/12/getting_started_with_postgresql.html

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26184465-id-3527130.html

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26184465-id-3527130.html

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-22920230-id-3493064.html

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-22920230-id-3493064.html

cat /var/liinitdb -D /var/lib/pgsql/data^C

-bash-4.1$ service postgresql status

postmaster (pid  9745) is running...

-bash-4.1$ id

uid=26(postgres) gid=26(postgres) groups=26(postgres)

-bash-4.1$ vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

-bash-4.1$ cat /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

# PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File

# ===================================================

#

# Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the

# PostgreSQL documentation for a complete description

# of this file.  A short synopsis follows.

#

# This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients

# are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which

# databases they can access.  Records take one of these forms:

#

# local      DATABASE  USER  METHOD  [OPTIONS]

# host       DATABASE  USER  CIDR-ADDRESS  METHOD  [OPTIONS]

# hostssl    DATABASE  USER  CIDR-ADDRESS  METHOD  [OPTIONS]

# hostnossl  DATABASE  USER  CIDR-ADDRESS  METHOD  [OPTIONS]

#

# (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.)

#

# The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain socket,

# "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, "hostssl" is an

# SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a plain TCP/IP socket.

#

# DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", a database name, or

# a comma-separated list thereof.

#

# USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or

# a comma-separated list thereof.  In both the DATABASE and USER fields

# you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names from

# a separate file.

#

# CIDR-ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches.

# It is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is an integer

# (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that specifies

# the number of significant bits in the mask.  Alternatively, you can write

# an IP address and netmask in separate columns to specify the set of hosts.

#

# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi", "krb5",

# "ident", "pam", "ldap" or "cert".  Note that "password" sends passwords

# in clear text; "md5" is preferred since it sends encrypted passwords.

#

# OPTIONS are a set of options for the authentication in the format

# NAME=VALUE. The available options depend on the different authentication

# methods - refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the documentation

# for a list of which options are available for which authentication methods.

#

# Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other special

# characters must be quoted. Quoting one of the keywords "all", "sameuser" or

# "samerole" makes the name lose its special character, and just match a

# database or username with that name.

#

# This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives

# a SIGHUP signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have

# to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect.  You can use

# "pg_ctl reload" to do that.

# Put your actual configuration here

# ----------------------------------

#

# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more

# "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL listen

# on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses configuration parameter,

# or via the -i or -h command line switches.

#

# CAUTION: Configuring the system for local "trust" authentication allows

# any local user to connect as any PostgreSQL user, including the database

# superuser. If you do not trust all your local users, use another

# authentication method.

# TYPE  DATABASE    USER        CIDR-ADDRESS          METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only

local   all         all                               trust

# IPv4 local connections:

#host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          trust

host    all         all          0.0.0.0/0            trust

# IPv6 local connections:

host    all         all         ::1/128               trust

-bash-4.1$ service postgresql restart

Stopping postgresql service:                               [FAILED]

Starting postgresql service: /etc/init.d/postgresql: line 114: echo: write error: Permission denied

touch: cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/postgresql': Permission denied

/etc/init.d/postgresql: line 122: /var/run/postmaster.5432.pid: Permission denied

-bash-4.1$ exit

logout

[root@cdh2 local]# service postgresql restart

Stopping postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

Starting postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

[root@cdh2 local]# su - postgres

-bash-4.1$ id

uid=26(postgres) gid=26(postgres) groups=26(postgres)

-bash-4.1$ psql -U postgres -W

Password for user postgres: 

psql (8.4.20)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE USER WITH PASSWORD '';

ERROR:  syntax error at or near "<"

LINE 1: CREATE USER WITH PASSWORD '';

                    ^

postgres=# CREATE USER postUser WITH PASSWORD 'postPwd';

CREATE ROLE

postgres=#  CREATE DATABASE test OWNER postUser ENCODING 'UTF8';

CREATE DATABASE

postgres=# 

postgres=# psql -U kongxx -d test

postgres-# psql -U postUser -d test

postgres-# psql -U postUser -d test

postgres-# id

postgres-#  psql --version

postgres-# exit

postgres-# help

postgres-# "help"

postgres-# psql -h localhost -U postgres -d test

postgres-# ls/

postgres-# CREATE DATABASE test1 OWNER postgres ENCODING 'UTF8'

postgres-# psql -U postgres -d test1

postgres-# ^Z

[1]+  Stopped                 psql -U postgres -W

-bash-4.1$ psql -U postgres -d test1

psql: FATAL:  database "test1" does not exist

-bash-4.1$ psql -U postUser -d test

psql: FATAL:  role "postUser" does not exist

-bash-4.1$ CREATE USER postUser WITH PASSWORD 'postPwd';

-bash: CREATE: command not found

-bash-4.1$ psql -U postgres -W

Password for user postgres: 

psql (8.4.20)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test WITH OWNER = postgres ENCODING = 'UTF8';

ERROR:  database "test" already exists

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test2 WITH OWNER = postgres ENCODING = 'UTF8';

CREATE DATABASE

postgres=# /psql -h localhost -U postgres -d test2

postgres-# psql -h localhost -U postgres -d test2

postgres-# \l

                                  List of databases

   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------

 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 

 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres

                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres

 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres

                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres

 test      | postuser | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 

 test2     | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 

(5 rows)

postgres-# psql --version

postgres-# \l

                                  List of databases

   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------

 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 

 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres

                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres

 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres

                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres

 test      | postuser | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 

 test2     | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 

(5 rows)

postgres-# select * from pg_database;

ERROR:  syntax error at or near "/"

LINE 1: /psql -h localhost -U postgres -d test2

        ^

postgres=# select * from pg_database;

  datname  | datdba | encoding | datcollate  |  datctype   | datistemplate | datallowconn | datconnlimit | datlastsysoid | datfrozenxid | dattablespace | dat

config |               datacl                

-----------+--------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+----

-------+-------------------------------------

 template1 |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | t             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgres}

 template0 |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | t             | f            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgres}

 postgres  |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | 

 test      |  16384 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | 

 test2     |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | 

(5 rows)

postgres=# select * from pg_database;

  datname  | datdba | encoding | datcollate  |  datctype   | datistemplate | datallowconn | datconnlimit | datlastsysoid | datfrozenxid | dattablespace | dat

config |               datacl                

-----------+--------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+----

-------+-------------------------------------

 template1 |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | t             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgres}

 template0 |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | t             | f            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgres}

 postgres  |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | 

 test      |  16384 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | 

 test2     |     10 |        6 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |    

       | 

(5 rows)

postgres=# \dt

No relations found.

postgres=# \c test

Password for user postgres: 

psql (8.4.20)

You are now connected to database "test".

test=# \dt

No relations found.

test=# CREATE TABLE user_tbl(name VARCHAR(20), signup_date DATE);

CREATE TABLE

test=# \dt

          List of relations

 Schema |   Name   | Type  |  Owner   

--------+----------+-------+----------

 public | user_tbl | table | postgres

(1 row)

test=# SELECT * FROM user_tbl;

 name | signup_date 

------+-------------

(0 rows)

test=# INSERT INTO user_tbl(name, signup_date) VALUES('张三', '2013-12-22');

INSERT 0 1

test=# SELECT * FROM user_tbl;

 name | signup_date 

------+-------------

 张三 | 2013-12-22

(1 row)

test=# commit;

WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress

COMMIT

test=# UPDATE user_tbl set name = '李四' WHERE name = '张三';

UPDATE 1

test=# SELECT * FROM user_tbl;

 name | signup_date 

------+-------------

 李四 | 2013-12-22

(1 row)

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl ADD email VARCHAR(40);

ALTER TABLE

test=# desc user_tbl

test-# ALTER TABLE user_tbl ALTER COLUMN signup_date SET NOT NULL;

ERROR:  syntax error at or near "desc"

LINE 1: desc user_tbl

        ^

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl ALTER COLUMN signup_date SET NOT NULL;

ALTER TABLE

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl RENAME COLUMN signup_date TO signup;

ALTER TABLE

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl RENAME TO backup_tbl;

ALTER TABLE

test=# \dt

           List of relations

 Schema |    Name    | Type  |  Owner   

--------+------------+-------+----------

 public | backup_tbl | table | postgres

(1 row)

test=# \du

            List of roles

 Role name | Attributes  | Member of 

-----------+-------------+-----------

 postgres  | Superuser   | {}

           : Create role   

           : Create DB     

 postuser  |             | {}

test=# \conninfo

Invalid command \conninfo. Try \? for help.

test=# \conninfo

Invalid command \conninfo. Try \? for help.

test=# \dt

           List of relations

 Schema |    Name    | Type  |  Owner   

--------+------------+-------+----------

 public | backup_tbl | table | postgres

(1 row)

test=# \d backup_tbl 

         Table "public.backup_tbl"

 Column |         Type          | Modifiers 

--------+-----------------------+-----------

 name   | character varying(20) | 

 signup | date                  | not null

 email  | character varying(40) | 

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl RENAME COLUMN signup TO signup_todate;

ERROR:  relation "user_tbl" does not exist

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl RENAME COLUMN signup TO signup_todate;

ERROR:  relation "user_tbl" does not exist

test=# ALTER TABLE backup_tbl RENAME to user_tbl;

ALTER TABLE

test=# \d backup_tbl 

Did not find any relation named "backup_tbl".

test=# \dt

          List of relations

 Schema |   Name   | Type  |  Owner   

--------+----------+-------+----------

 public | user_tbl | table | postgres

(1 row)

test=# \d user_tbl 

          Table "public.user_tbl"

 Column |         Type          | Modifiers 

--------+-----------------------+-----------

 name   | character varying(20) | 

 signup | date                  | not null

 email  | character varying(40) | 

test=# ALTER TABLE user_tbl RENAME COLUMN signup TO signup_todate;

ALTER TABLE

test=# \d user_tbl 

              Table "public.user_tbl"

    Column     |         Type          | Modifiers 

---------------+-----------------------+-----------

 name          | character varying(20) | 

 signup_todate | date                  | not null

 email         | character varying(40) | 

test=# \?

General

  \copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms

  \g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)

  \h [NAME]              help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands

  \q                     quit psql

Query Buffer

  \e [FILE]              edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor

  \ef [FUNCNAME]         edit function definition with external editor

  \p                     show the contents of the query buffer

  \r                     reset (clear) the query buffer

  \s [FILE]              display history or save it to file

  \w FILE                write query buffer to file

Input/Output

  \copy ...              perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host

  \echo [STRING]         write string to standard output

  \i FILE                execute commands from file

  \o [FILE]              send all query results to file or |pipe

  \qecho [STRING]        write string to query output stream (see \o)

Informational

  (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)

  \d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences

  \d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index

  \da[+]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates

  \db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces

  \dc[S]  [PATTERN]      list conversions

  \dC     [PATTERN]      list casts

  \dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show comments on objects

  \dD[S]  [PATTERN]      list domains

  \des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers

  \deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings

  \dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers

  \df[antw][S+] [PATRN]  list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions

  \dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations

  \dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries

  \dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers

--More--

test=# SELECT version();

                                                     version                                                     

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 PostgreSQL 8.4.20 on i386-redhat-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17), 32-bit

(1 row)

test=# 

————————————————

版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「hzdxw」的原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hzdxw/article/details/51794451