Hard 随机选择subset @CareerCup

算法同上题

 

package Hard;



import CtCILibrary.AssortedMethods;





/**

 * Write a method to randomly generate a set of m integers from an array of size n. Each element must have equal probability of being chosen.



译文：



写一个函数，随机地从大小为n的数组中选取m个整数。要求每个元素被选中的概率相等。

 *

 */

public class S18_3 {



	/* Random number between lower and higher, inclusive */

    public static int rand(int lower, int higher) { 

            return lower + (int)(Math.random() * (higher - lower + 1));

    }



    public static void swap(int[] a, int n, int m){

    	int tmp = a[n];

    	a[n] = a[m];

    	a[m] = tmp;

    }

    

    

    /* pick M elements from original array, using only elements 0 through i (inclusive).*/

    public static int[] pickMRecursively(int[] original, int m, int i) {

            if (i + 1 < m) { // Not enough elements

                return null; 

            } else if (i + 1 == m) { // Base case -- copy first m elements into array

                int[] set = new int[m];

                for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {

                    set[k] = original[k];

                }

                return set;

            } else {

                int[] set = pickMRecursively(original, m, i - 1);

                int k = rand(0, i);

                if (k < m) {

                    set[k] = original[i];

                }

                return set;

            }

    }

    

    /* pick M elements from original array.  Clone original array so that

     * we don’t destroy the input. */

    public static int[] pickMRandomly(int[] original, int m) {

        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 

        	int k = rand(i, original.length-1);		// 产生i到n-1间的随机数

            swap(original, i, k);

        }

        int[] subset = new int[m];

        for(int i=0; i<m; i++){

        	subset[i] = original[i];

        }

        return subset;

    }

    

    public static void main(String[] args) {

            int[] cards = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};

            System.out.println(AssortedMethods.arrayToString(cards));

            int[] set = pickMRandomly(cards, 4);

            System.out.println(AssortedMethods.arrayToString(set));

    }

}