git客户端配置
基于window上
- 下载
官网
我们下载 64-bit for windows setUp，下面的 带 Portable的是便携版的，解压就可用
安装
便携版的直接解压到目录下就行，安装版的按照步骤默认即可
略过
配置
- 配置全局用户名和邮箱
# 配置用户名
# git config --global user.name [你的用户名 ]
git config --global user.name zhangsan
# 配置邮箱
# git config --global user.email [你的邮箱 ]
git config --global user.email [email protected]
此时查看用户名和邮箱
$ git config --global user.name
zhangsan
$ git config --global user.email
[email protected]
- 配置公钥和私钥
输入命令： `ssh-keygen -t rsa -C [你的邮箱地址]
默认即可
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C [email protected]
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_rsa): y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in y.
Your public key has been saved in y.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:s+GIv7AWuvx7adfdfGqJ2QMDojCc27yVWEgLkp7UUaKU [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|*.oo |
|+=... |
|=E.+. |
|o=B... |
|.=o.o S |
| .+.o o.+. |
| oo*.o.o+ . |
| .ooo=..o o |
| .+=+o+o . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
跳转到用户目录下
cd ~/.ssh
然后查看ssh的公钥
$ cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDfOWcg81+D5w0/j3aN70CTguUI9+KI3EO1MCgu3Zeju8cHMncC3yYirLA/TlB9ozGJTdhCLBGiIqRrEuBROOyZsMuEE2bxUDVvJM5guUlezlqdU5PWwTLycIFA2hNxER5iKirILDS0snrwbjgvvM1Vl9P0EHfALxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxkPjZu405RnfvFzjL3ksn1CpyA4h8Nh4jxTrij48Y4vlDJYJDjxQ5/3BG8fMGlMknV+nHNnLoF5topSBOukQIR [email protected]
- 将公钥添加到远端服务器
我这里要上传GitHub，所以我去GitHub的设置页面添加一个公钥
登录GitHub，然后转到setting界面的 SSH and GPG keys
选择添加一个sshkey
把刚刚cat id_rsa.pub看到的复制到key中（Title可以不填)
点击 Add SSH key 保存成功，然后就可以给这个账户下的项目提交了
使用
新建目录 test
打开git bash
cd xxx/test
- 初始化一个项目
执行命令：git init
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/zhangsan/Desktop/test/.git/
可以看到在test下创建了一个 .git 的目录（如果看不到，请在系统中设置显示隐藏的文件）
- 新建README.txt
新建一个README描述文件
- 查看状态
运行命令 ： git status
$ git status
On branch master
Initial commit
Untracked files:
(use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)
README.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
可以看到，我们刚刚添加的README。
有如下提示：
(use “git add …” to include in what will be committed)
使用 git add 命令 来包含将被提交的地方（即：提交到暂存区)
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use “git add” to track)
没有添加任何内容提交但存在未跟踪的文件（使用“ git add”进行跟踪）
我们接着做
- 提交文件到暂存区
运行命令 ： git add README.txt
$ git add README.txt
# 此时我们就将 README.txt 提交到了暂存区
我们再次查看状态
$ git status
On branch master
Initial commit
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached ..." to unstage)
new file: README.txt
可以看到 暂存区里有文件了，是 README.txt
并且提示我们：(use “git rm --cached …” to unstage)
使用git rm --cached 来取消
我们不需要取消，直接去提交到本地仓库
- 提交代码
运行命令：git commit
$ git commit README.txt -m "添加README"
[master (root-commit) 9cad3c3] 添加README
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README.txt
# -m 代表提交描述 后面紧跟着描述
master 当前分支 (主分支)
root-commit代表首次提交的意思，之后的提交就不会有了
9cad3c3 本次提交的唯一标志的前7位（git用SHA-1散列，由40个16进制组成的字符串，是基于文件内容生成的，索引文件是靠这个哦）
添加README 就是我们刚刚提交的描述
提交到远程分支
目标是提交到GitHub上的仓库中
- 首先我们要在GitHub上创建项目
new项目
填写信息
仓库名字叫做 test，描述是test，公共仓库
下面的 Initialize this repository with a README ，初始化一个READM文件
我们有新建README，所以不需要勾选
点击 Create repository 创建项目
我们采用 SSH的方式提交代码，复制链接
回到git bash上
- 连接远程仓库
运行命令：git remote add <本地分支名> <远程主机>
$ git remote add origin [email protected]:zhangsan/test.git
使用命令:git remote查看
$ git remote
origin
# 上面就是刚刚添加的
- 推送到远程仓库
运行命令：git push
$ git push -u origin master
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '13.250.177.223' to the list of known hosts.
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 448 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To [email protected]:zhangsan/test.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
git push的一般形式为 git push <远程主机名> <本地分支名> <远程分支名>
参考这里
- 打开仓库地址，就可以看到我们刚刚提交的内容了
这里采用的是SSH方式，HTTPS也是类似的
当我们在GitHub上创建项目的时候，GitHub会给我们很详细的提示，要仔细看
实用操作
- 查看提交历史
运行命令：git log
$ git log
commit 9cad3c3c4ab804e7dd6e72b4b0029dda8d885de7
Author: zhangsan <[email protected]>
Date: Wed Nov 13 23:49:43 2019 +0800
添加README
看到我们刚刚提交的内容，包括根据文件内容生成的SHA-1散列，提交者用户名，邮箱，日期，提交描述
- 查看远程连接
运行命令：git remote -v
$ git remote -v
origin https://github.com/zhangsan/test.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/zhangsan/test.git (push)
我这里有设置远程仓库
指定选项 -v，会显示需要读写远程仓库使用的 Git 保存的简写与其对应的 URL
参考
git remote
origin
origin
- 测试sshkey连接
运行命令：sh -vT [email protected]
sh -vT [email protected]
OpenSSH_7.1p2, OpenSSL 1.0.2d 9 Jul 2015
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Connecting to github.com [52.74.223.119] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version babeld-2e9d163d
debug1: no match: babeld-2e9d163d
debug1: Authenticating to github.com:22 as 'git'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: server->client [email protected] <implicit> none
debug1: kex: client->server [email protected] <implicit> none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ssh-rsa SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5ji8
debug1: Host 'github.com' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/known_hosts:1
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '56.74.123.119' to the list of known hosts.
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /c/Users/zhangsan/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 279
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to github.com ([52.74.223.119]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
Hi renshen052! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0
debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1
Transferred: sent 3080, received 2072 bytes, in 6.8 seconds
Bytes per second: sent 453.9, received 305.4
debug1: Exit status 1
- 采用HTTPS方式连接
git remote add origin https://github.com/zhangsan/test.git
# 推送origin 到 master远程分支
git push -u origin master
# 接着输入用户名和密码即可
参考
https://www.cnblogs.com/sea520/p/10071859.html