综述 | 哺乳动物着床前后胚胎发生的体外研究 In vitro investigation of mammalian peri-implantation embryogenesis

In vitro investigation of mammalian peri-implantation embryogenesis† - PubMed (nih.gov)

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摘要

The embryos attach and invade the uterus, establishing the connection with their mother in peri-implantation development. During this period, the pluripotent epiblast cells of the embryo undergo symmetry breaking, cell lineage allocation, and morphogenetic remodeling, accompanied by the dramatic changes of transcriptomic, epigenomic, and signaling pathways, and preparing the stage for their differentiation and gastrulation. The progress in mouse genetics and stem cell biology has advanced the knowledge of these transformations, which are still largely hindered by the hard accessibility of natural embryos. To gain insight into mammalian peri-implantation development, much effort has been made in the field. Recently, advances in the prolonged in vitro culture of blastocysts, the derivation of multiple pluripotent stem cells, and the construction of stem cell-based embryo-like models have opened novel avenues to investigate peri-implantation development in mammals, especially humans. Combining with other emerging new technologies, these new models will substantially promote the comprehension of mammalian peri-implantation development, thus accelerating the progress of reproductive and regenerative medicine.
胚胎附着并植入子宫，在胚胎着床期的发育中与母体建立联系。在此期间，胚胎的多能上胚层细胞经历对称性破缺、细胞谱系分配和形态发生重构，伴随着转录组、表观基因组和信号通路的剧烈变化，为分化和原肠胚形成做好准备。小鼠遗传学和干细胞生物学的进步提高了对这些转化的认识，但在很大程度上仍受到天然胚胎难以获得的阻碍。为了深入了解哺乳动物的着床期发育，该领域已经做出了很多努力。最近，囊胚的长时间体外培养、多种多能干细胞的衍生以及基于干细胞的类胚胎模型的构建等方面的进展为研究哺乳动物，尤其是人类的胚胎着床期发育开辟了新途径。与其他新兴新技术相结合，这些新模型将极大地促进对哺乳动物在围着床期间发育的理解，从而加速生殖和再生医学的进步。