第四章系动词的用法
1. 最常用连系动词：be(am; is/was; are/were)。
2. 表变化的系动词：get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。用法注意：在英语中，系动词一般只有一般现在 时和一般过去时两种时态变化形式，没有其他时态变化形式。但表变化的这类系动词除外，它们有各种时态变化。
E.g.: It is becoming colder and colder.
The food has gone bad.
此处还需注意的是become和turn后接表职业的名词时冠词的有无：
E.g.: Two years later, he became a teacher.
但Two years later, he turned teacher.
另外，go表变化时一般指事情向消极、不好的方面转化。
3. 所谓“感官动词”:look; sound; taste; smell; feel。一般它们在句子中译成：。。。起来；。。。上去。此类系动词为高考高频词。
E.g.: The food tasted good.食物尝起来很香。
其中必须注意到它们本身也用作实义动词，所以在平常的教学和应用中一定多比较、关注它们的用法。
E.g.: He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.
Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.
4. 表状态的系动词：keep; stay; remain;（依然是；保持）
E.g.: She remains loyal to her father despite his cruelty towards her.
What a lovely day today! I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days.
Much remains to be done.
5. 表像系动词：seem; appear。汉语意义：看起来像、似乎、好像。这两个动词有一个共同的特点，即如果要表达时态的变化，需要后接不定时来完成。
E.g.: He seemed to have caught cold./ When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something.
另外此处一句型转换也要要求学生牢记
It seemed that he had caught cold.
When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.
6. 终止系动词：prove; turn out。表达“证实、证明、结果为。。。”之意。
E.g.: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.
系动词用法应注意的几个问题
1． 一般地说，系动词无进行时态，无被动语态 如：
Your hand feels cold.
The soup tastes good.
The dinner smells good.
2．系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。
某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越……”。例如：
He is growing taller and taller.
Our life is getting better and better.
Things are getting worse.
3．所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。
英语中某动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态，而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态，二者不可混为一谈。例如：
不能说：The apple is tasted good.因为taste此时是系动词，“尝起来”之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态）
但我们可以说：The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。（taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作，有被动语态）
因此，在平时的英语教学和学习之 ，要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法，要注意区分、识别。
4．瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，how long until+时间,by + 时间，so far”等直接连用。例如：
①不能说：He has become a teacher for 2 years.
应改为：He has been a teacher for 2 years.
②不能说：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
应改为：He has been a write since 3 years ago.
或It is two years since he turned writer.
③不能说：He got angry until his child came back home.
应改为：He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.
5．系动词能接几种表语（从句）
系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语,还可接以下几种表语形式：
①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得）；appear（显得），seem（似乎）。例如：
It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。
She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。
It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem, appear如：
It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, , look, appear, prove, grow.
Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。
He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父亲。
He looks to be a young girl of twenty.他看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。
He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。
My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。
④能与there连用的系动词有：be, appear, seem.
There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。
There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走
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