Python项目实战：将3D灰度图像转换为3D彩色图像

(3D-GRAY) to (3D-RGB)：使用颜色映射的方式，将灰度值映射到彩色空间中的特定颜色。

一、多维数组：10x12x14

（1）channel重复：在RGB中，将【灰度图】分别赋值给【R/G/B图】，显示彩色图。

import numpy as np
import tifffile

# 加载16位灰度图像
image_data = tifffile.imread('gray_image_raw.tif')        # 原始-灰度图像（16-bit）: 50, 444, 1112

# 将图像的数据类型转换为32位整数，以便进行操作
image_data = image_data.astype(np.uint32)

# 将灰度图像转换为彩色图像
color_image = np.zeros((*image_data.shape, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
color_image[..., 0] = (image_data >> 8) & 0xFF  # 红色通道
color_image[..., 1] = (image_data >> 4) & 0xFF  # 绿色通道
color_image[..., 2] = image_data & 0xFF  # 蓝色通道
###########################################################################
# (image_data >> 8) & 0xFF
# 		操作：通过右移8位（相当于除以256）来实现的，然后使用位运算AND操作符&和掩码0xFF来保留最低8位。
# 		作用：将16位图像的灰度范围缩放到0-255，适合于8位彩色图像的显示或处理。
###########################################################################

# 将彩色图像保存为新的tif文件
tifffile.imwrite('color_image.tif', color_image)

（2）channel叠加：在RGB的R图中，将【灰度图】与【R图】进行叠加，显示红色。

import numpy as np
import tifffile

# image_data与image_data_gray的图像尺度必须一致
gray_image_raw = tifffile.imread('gray_image_raw.tif')        	# 原始-灰度图像（16-bit）:[50, 444, 1112]
gray_image_circle = tifffile.imread('gray_image_circle.tif')	# 空心圆-灰度图像（16-bit）:[50, 444, 1112]

color_image = np.zeros((*gray_image_raw.shape, 3))          	# 空心圆-彩色图像（16-bit）:[50, 444, 1112, 3]
# *gray_image_raw.shape表示将gray_image_raw.shape中的元素展开，并将它们作为参数传递给函数或操作。
color_image[..., 0] = gray_image_raw
color_image[..., 1] = gray_image_raw
color_image[..., 2] = gray_image_raw

# 将gray_image_circle中65535的值（空心圆=65535）赋给color_image
color_image[gray_image_circle == 65535, 0] = 65535              # 65535表示灰度图像中的最大像素值，0表示红色通道。
color_image = color_image.astype(gray_image_raw.dtype)          # 将数据类型转换为与image_data一样
tifffile.imwrite('color_image.tif', color_image)
print(color_image.shape[0], color_image.shape[1], color_image.shape[2], color_image.shape[3])       
# [50, 444, 1112, 3]

（3）channel拼接：(10x12x14)x1+(10x12x14)x3=(10x12x14)x4

import numpy as np
import tifffile

# image_data与image_data_gray的图像尺度必须一致
gray_image_raw = tifffile.imread('gray_image_raw.tif')        # 原始-灰度图像（16-bit）: [50, 444, 1112]
gray_image_circle = tifffile.imread('gray_image.tif')			# 空心圆-灰度图像（16-bit）: [50, 444, 1112]

color_image = np.zeros((*gray_image_raw.shape, 3))          	# 空心圆-彩色图像（16-bit）: [50, 444, 1112, 3]
# *gray_image_raw.shape表示将gray_image_raw.shape中的元素展开，并将它们作为参数传递给函数或操作。
color_image[..., 0] = gray_image_raw
color_image[..., 1] = gray_image_raw
color_image[..., 2] = gray_image_raw

# 将gray_image_circle中65535的值（空心圆=65535）赋给color_image
color_image[gray_image_circle == 65535, 0] = 65535              # 65535表示灰度图像中的最大像素值，0表示红色通道。
color_image = color_image.astype(gray_image_raw.dtype)          # 将数据类型转换为与image_data一样

# 将灰度图像和调整后的 RGB 图像进行合并
gray_image_raw = np.expand_dims(gray_image_raw, axis=-1)
merged_image = np.concatenate((gray_image_raw, color_image), axis=3)

# 将彩色图像保存为新的tif文件
tifffile.imwrite('color_image.tif', merged_image)
print(merged_image.shape[0], merged_image.shape[1], merged_image.shape[2], merged_image.shape[3])		
# [50, 444, 1112, 4]

二、二维数组：10x10

（1）channel叠加：10x12x1+10x12x3=10x12x3

import cv2
import numpy as np

rgb_image = cv2.imread('image.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
gray_image = cv2.cvtColor(rgb_image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 创建一个空白的多通道图像
height, width, _ = rgb_image.shape
merged_image = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)

# 将灰度图像的数据复制到第四个通道
merged_image[..., 0] = gray_image
merged_image[..., 1] = gray_image
merged_image[..., 2] = gray_image

merged_image[..., 2] = rgb_image[..., 2]

# 显示合并后的图像
cv2.imshow("Merged Image", merged_image)
cv2.imshow("gray_image", gray_image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()