RabbitMQ安装与入门
文章目录
- 前言
- 一、安装教程
-
- 1.Erlang下载安装
- 2.RabbitMQ下载安装
- 3.RabbitMQ管理界面
- 二、简单使用
-
- 1.依赖包
- 2.消息模型
-
- 2.1 Simple-简单模型
- 2.2 Work-工作模型
- 2.3 Fanout-广播模型
- 2.4 Direct-定向模型
- 2.5 Topic-主题模型
- 总结
前言
RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件，RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的，即需要先安装部署Erlang环境再安装RabbitMQ环境。
RabbitMQ与Erlang版本对照表（https://www.rabbitmq.com/which-erlang.html）
本次安装的版本号：
Windows系统：Windows 11 家庭中文版
RabbitMQ：rabbitmq-server-3.12.1.exe
Erlang：otp_win64_26.0.exe
提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容
一、安装教程
1.Erlang下载安装
2.RabbitMQ下载安装
3.RabbitMQ管理界面
进到安装目录，运行命令rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
双击rabbitmq-server.bat
访问http://localhost:15672/
二、简单使用
1.依赖包
基于spring-boot 3.1.0
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.消息模型
2.1 Simple-简单模型
生产者：
public class Simple {
private final static String QUENE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException, KeyManagementException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUENE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
String message = "hello, rabbitMq!";
channel.basicPublish("", QUENE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
package com.example.mqproducer.test;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConnUtils {
public static Connection getConn() throws URISyntaxException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException, IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
return connection;
}
}
消费者：
2.2 Work-工作模型
生产者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.producer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
public class Work {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 循环发布任务
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
// 消息内容
String message = "task .. " + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i * 2);
}
// 关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Work1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
//轻量级的Connection
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列，创建完成后才能发送消息--防止消费者去找的时候生产者还没提供，导致报错
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//接收消息
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
try {
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("[消费者1] received ： "+msg + "!");
//手动维护Ack
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,false,consumer);
}
}
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Work2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "work_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
//轻量级的Connection
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列，创建完成后才能发送消息--防止消费者去找的时候生产者还没提供，导致报错
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//接收消息
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
try {
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println("[消费者2] received ： "+msg + "!");
//手动维护Ack
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,false,consumer);
}
}
2.3 Fanout-广播模型
生产者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.producer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
public class Fanout {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明exchange，指定类型为fanout
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
// 消息内容
String message = "Hello everyone";
// 发布消息到Exchange
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [生产者] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Fanout1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "fanout_exchange_queue_1";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
// 定义队列的消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
// 获取消息，并且处理，这个方法类似事件监听，如果有消息的时候，会被自动调用
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// body 即消息体
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println(" [消费者1] received : " + msg + "!");
}
};
// 监听队列，自动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Fanout2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "fanout_exchange_queue_2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
// 定义队列的消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
// 获取消息，并且处理，这个方法类似事件监听，如果有消息的时候，会被自动调用
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// body 即消息体
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println(" [消费者2] received : " + msg + "!");
}
};
// 监听队列，自动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
2.4 Direct-定向模型
生产者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.producer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
public class Direct {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明exchange，指定类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
// 消息内容
String message = "商品更新了， id = 1001";
// 发送消息，并且指定routing key 为：insert ,代表新增商品
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "update", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [商品服务：] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Direct2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_exchange_queue_2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机，同时指定需要订阅的routing key。订阅 insert、update、delete
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "insert");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete");
// 定义队列的消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
// 获取消息，并且处理，这个方法类似事件监听，如果有消息的时候，会被自动调用
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
// body 即消息体
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println(" [消费者2] received : " + msg + "!");
}
};
// 监听队列，自动ACK
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Direct1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "direct_exchange_queue_1";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机，同时指定需要订阅的routing key。假设此处需要update和delete消息
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete");
// 定义队列的消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
// 获取消息，并且处理，这个方法类似事件监听，如果有消息的时候，会被自动调用
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// body 即消息体
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println(" [消费者1] received : " + msg + "!");
}
};
// 监听队列，自动ACK
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
2.5 Topic-主题模型
生产者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.producer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
public class Topic {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明exchange，指定类型为topic
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
// 消息内容
String message = "新增商品 : id = 1001";
// 发送消息，并且指定routing key 为：insert ,代表新增商品
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.insert", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [商品服务：] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Topic1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_exchange_queue_1";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机，同时指定需要订阅的routing key。需要 update、delete
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.update");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.delete");
// 定义队列的消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
// 获取消息，并且处理，这个方法类似事件监听，如果有消息的时候，会被自动调用
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
// body 即消息体
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println(" [消费者1] received : " + msg + "!");
}
};
// 监听队列，自动ACK
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
package com.example.mqproducer.test.consumer;
import com.example.mqproducer.test.ConnUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Topic2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_exchange_queue_2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接
Connection connection = ConnUtils.getConn();
// 获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机，同时指定需要订阅的routing key。需要 update、delete
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.*");
// 定义队列的消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
// 获取消息，并且处理，这个方法类似事件监听，如果有消息的时候，会被自动调用
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
// body 即消息体
String msg = new String(body);
System.out.println(" [消费者1] received : " + msg + "!");
}
};
// 监听队列，自动ACK
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容，仅简单介绍了RabbitMQ的使用。