连续自然数的平方和

连续自然数的平方和

1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + . . . + n 2 = ? 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+...+n^2=? 12+22+32+42+...+n2=?

看成数列 a n = n 2 , ( n ∈ N + ) a_n=n^2, (n\in N^+) an=n2,(nN+) 的前 n n n 项和 S n S_n Sn.

S n = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + . . . + n 2 S_n = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+...+n^2 Sn=12+22+32+42+...+n2

       = 1 × ( 2 − 1 ) + 2 × ( 3 − 1 ) + 3 × ( 4 − 1 ) + 4 × ( 5 − 1 ) + . . . + n × ( n + 1 − 1 ) \ \ \ \ \ \ =1\times(2 -1)+2\times (3 -1)+3\times (4-1)+4\times(5-1)+...+n\times(n+1-1)       =1×(21)+2×(31)+3×(41)+4×(51)+...+n×(n+11)

       = 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + 4 × 5 + . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) − ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + n ) \ \ \ \ \ \ =1\times2+2\times3+3\times4+4\times5+...+n\times(n+1)-(1+2+3+4+...+n)       =1×2+2×3+3×4+4×5+...+n×(n+1)(1+2+3+4+...+n)

       = [ 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + 4 × 5 + . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) ] × 3 ÷ 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =[1\times2+2\times3+3\times4+4\times5+...+n\times(n+1)]\times3\div3-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2}       =[1×2+2×3+3×4+4×5+...+n×(n+1)]×3÷32(1+n)×n

       = 1 × 2 × 3 + 2 × 3 × ( 4 − 1 ) + 3 × 4 × ( 5 − 2 ) + 4 × 5 × ( 6 − 3 ) + . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) × [ n + 2 − ( n − 1 ) ] 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{1\times2\times3+2\times3\times(4-1)+3\times4\times(5-2)+4\times5\times(6-3)+...+n\times(n+1)\times[n+2-(n-1)]}{3}-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2}       =31×2×3+2×3×(41)+3×4×(52)+4×5×(63)+...+n×(n+1)×[n+2(n1)]2(1+n)×n

       = 1 × 2 × 3 − 1 × 2 × 3 + 2 × 3 × 4 − 2 × 3 × 4 + 3 × 4 × 5 − 3 × 4 × 5 + 4 × 5 × 6 − . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) × [ n + 2 − ( n − 1 ) ] 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{1\times2\times3-1\times2\times3+2\times3\times4-2\times3\times4+3\times4\times5-3\times4\times5+4\times5\times6-...+n\times(n+1)\times[n+2-(n-1)]}{3}-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2}       =31×2×31×2×3+2×3×42×3×4+3×4×53×4×5+4×5×6...+n×(n+1)×[n+2(n1)]2(1+n)×n

       = n × ( n + 1 ) × ( n + 2 ) 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{n\times(n+1)\times(n+2)}{3}-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2}       =3n×(n+1)×(n+2)2(1+n)×n

       = n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 . \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}.       =6n(n+1)(2n+1).

∴ S n = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + . . . + n 2 = n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 . \therefore S_n = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+...+n^2=\dfrac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}. Sn=12+22+32+42+...+n2=6n(n+1)(2n+1).

数列 a n = n 2 , ( n ∈ N + ) a_n=n^2, (n\in N^+) an=n2,(nN+) 的前 n n n 项和 S n = n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 . S_n=\dfrac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}. Sn=6n(n+1)(2n+1).

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