1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + . . . + n 2 = ? 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+...+n^2=? 12+22+32+42+...+n2=?
看成数列 a n = n 2 , ( n ∈ N + ) a_n=n^2, (n\in N^+) an=n2,(n∈N+) 的前 n n n 项和 S n S_n Sn.
S n = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + . . . + n 2 S_n = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+...+n^2 Sn=12+22+32+42+...+n2
= 1 × ( 2 − 1 ) + 2 × ( 3 − 1 ) + 3 × ( 4 − 1 ) + 4 × ( 5 − 1 ) + . . . + n × ( n + 1 − 1 ) \ \ \ \ \ \ =1\times(2 -1)+2\times (3 -1)+3\times (4-1)+4\times(5-1)+...+n\times(n+1-1) =1×(2−1)+2×(3−1)+3×(4−1)+4×(5−1)+...+n×(n+1−1)
= 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + 4 × 5 + . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) − ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + n ) \ \ \ \ \ \ =1\times2+2\times3+3\times4+4\times5+...+n\times(n+1)-(1+2+3+4+...+n) =1×2+2×3+3×4+4×5+...+n×(n+1)−(1+2+3+4+...+n)
= [ 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + 4 × 5 + . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) ] × 3 ÷ 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =[1\times2+2\times3+3\times4+4\times5+...+n\times(n+1)]\times3\div3-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2} =[1×2+2×3+3×4+4×5+...+n×(n+1)]×3÷3−2(1+n)×n
= 1 × 2 × 3 + 2 × 3 × ( 4 − 1 ) + 3 × 4 × ( 5 − 2 ) + 4 × 5 × ( 6 − 3 ) + . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) × [ n + 2 − ( n − 1 ) ] 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{1\times2\times3+2\times3\times(4-1)+3\times4\times(5-2)+4\times5\times(6-3)+...+n\times(n+1)\times[n+2-(n-1)]}{3}-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2} =31×2×3+2×3×(4−1)+3×4×(5−2)+4×5×(6−3)+...+n×(n+1)×[n+2−(n−1)]−2(1+n)×n
= 1 × 2 × 3 − 1 × 2 × 3 + 2 × 3 × 4 − 2 × 3 × 4 + 3 × 4 × 5 − 3 × 4 × 5 + 4 × 5 × 6 − . . . + n × ( n + 1 ) × [ n + 2 − ( n − 1 ) ] 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{1\times2\times3-1\times2\times3+2\times3\times4-2\times3\times4+3\times4\times5-3\times4\times5+4\times5\times6-...+n\times(n+1)\times[n+2-(n-1)]}{3}-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2} =31×2×3−1×2×3+2×3×4−2×3×4+3×4×5−3×4×5+4×5×6−...+n×(n+1)×[n+2−(n−1)]−2(1+n)×n
= n × ( n + 1 ) × ( n + 2 ) 3 − ( 1 + n ) × n 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{n\times(n+1)\times(n+2)}{3}-\dfrac{(1+n)\times n}{2} =3n×(n+1)×(n+2)−2(1+n)×n
= n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 . \ \ \ \ \ \ =\dfrac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}. =6n(n+1)(2n+1).
∴ S n = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + . . . + n 2 = n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 . \therefore S_n = 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+...+n^2=\dfrac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}. ∴Sn=12+22+32+42+...+n2=6n(n+1)(2n+1).
数列 a n = n 2 , ( n ∈ N + ) a_n=n^2, (n\in N^+) an=n2,(n∈N+) 的前 n n n 项和 S n = n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 . S_n=\dfrac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}. Sn=6n(n+1)(2n+1).