- ifconfig:首先查看网络ip,通过ifconfig可以查看到enp0s3,enp0s8这个网卡
[root@localhost vagrant]# ifconfig
enp0s3: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fede:e0e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 08:00:27:de:0e:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5025 bytes 1868795 (1.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4170 bytes 397055 (387.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.106 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:af4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 08:00:27:3f:af:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 161 bytes 19372 (18.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 17 bytes 1306 (1.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
- ping:ping使用了ICMP回送请求和回送应答报文。ping工具发出去的数据包没有通过tcp/udp协议,但是要经过ip协议。ping命令计算的时间是数据包的往返总时间。
[ci@localhost commonlib]$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (119.75.217.26) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 119.75.217.26 (119.75.217.26): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=2.67 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.26 (119.75.217.26): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=2.65 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.26 (119.75.217.26): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=2.61 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.26 (119.75.217.26): icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=2.63 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.26 (119.75.217.26): icmp_seq=5 ttl=53 time=2.68 ms
64 bytes from 119.75.217.26 (119.75.217.26): icmp_seq=6 ttl=53 time=2.62 ms
- traceroute: traceroute路由跟踪,首先它发送一份TTL字段为1的IP数据包给目的主机,处理这个数据包的第一个路由器将TTL值减1,然后丢弃该数据报,并给源主机发送一个ICMP报文(“超时”信息,这个报文包含了路由器的IP地址,这样就得到了第一个路由器的地址),然后traceroute发送一个TTL为2的数据报来得到第二个路由器的IP地址,继续这个过程,直至这个数据报到达目的主机。
[ci@localhost commonlib]$ traceroute www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (119.75.217.26), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 10.151.30.253 (10.151.30.253) 2.560 ms 2.928 ms 3.293 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
5 * * *
6 * * *
以星号表示的。出现这样的情况,可能是防火墙封掉了ICMP的返回信息,所以我们得不到什么相关的数据包返回数据。
- mtr:报告模式展示实时数据,结合ping和traceroute
[root@localhost vagrant]# mtr 140.143.234.183
localhost.localdomain (0.0.0.0) Thu Jan 17 11:42:47 2019
Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. 10.0.2.2 0.0% 47 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0
2. 172.18.162.3 0.0% 47 2.7 4.9 1.6 58.6 9.0
3. ???
4. ???
5. 223x223x224x6.omn.ne.jp 2.1% 47 9.1 6.9 3.6 39.5 5.5
6. 103.216.40.18 0.0% 47 11.4 9.4 3.7 80.6 12.6
7. 10.196.5.233 0.0% 47 8.7 7.6 4.3 27.2 4.0
8. 10.200.150.222 38.3% 47 27.3 25.3 11.5 156.3 26.1
9. 10.200.150.206 0.0% 47 23.0 29.0 7.2 103.7 19.0
10. 100.120.219.235 0.0% 46 32.2 10.5 5.5 60.6 9.0
11. 140.143.234.183 0.0% 46 5.9 9.4 4.0 94.6 14.9
- netstat -rn ,route -n 查看网卡配置
[root@localhost vagrant]# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
- Destination为目标地址
- Gateway 网关地址
- Genmask 子网掩码
简单说下子网掩码计算规则,还有一种10.0.2.0/24的方式表示,相当于24为子网掩码,在ip4中一共32位,所以相当于255.255.255.0,前24为1,后8位位0,此时看到上边的路由规则:
-
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
表示ip段为192.168.1.0~192.168.1.255的目标地址,会采用0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0表示本`络。规则就是做与运算,可以看出192.168.1.*^255.255.255.0=192.168.1.0,正好匹配。 -
0.0.0.0 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 enp0s3
表示其他未匹配到的ip都会走10.0.2.2网关出口,如上计算任何ip都会^ 0.0.0.0 都是 0.0.0.0 ,所以此规则为默认规则。
子网掩码计算可以通过地址查看https://www.sojson.com/convert/subnetmask.html,如下图:
可以明显看出,运算规则ip与子网掩码进行与运算,得到匹配网络地址。
- ip route show:展示路由配置规则
[root@localhost vagrant]# ip route show
default via 10.0.2.2 dev enp0s3 proto dhcp metric 100
192.168.1.0/24 dev enp0s8 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 101
default via 10.0.2.2 dev enp0s3 proto dhcp metric 100
清楚点表示默认的路由规则就是10.0.2.2
- nslookup :查看dns地址
[ci@localhost ~]$ nslookup www.baidu.com
//dns地址
Server: 10.151.30.200
Address: 10.151.30.200#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 119.75.217.109
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 119.75.217.26
- arping -I enp0s8 10.151.30.108 查看对方网卡是否有回复
vim /etc/resolv.conf 配置dns
/etc/sysconfig/network/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth* 配置服务器ip的配置文件