Ceph入门到精通-如何编译安装Quagga?

Ceph入门到精通-如何编译安装Quagga?_第1张图片

Quagga

1. 理论部分

1.1 软件简介

Quagga中文翻译斑驴,是一种先进的路由软件包,提供一套基于TCP/IP的路由协议。

1.2 斑驴的应用场景

– 使得操作系统变成专业的路由
– 使得操作系统具有与传统路由通过路由协议直接对接

1.3 斑驴支持的路由协议

– BGP
– OSPF
– RIP
– IS-IS
– MPLS
– LDP
– BFD
– PIM-SSM

1.4 斑驴与传统路由的区别

– 传统路由以提供所有路由协议的过程程序的方式运行
– 斑驴由多个守护进程共同构建路由表的方式运行

1.5 斑驴的架构

+----+  +----+  +-----+  +-----+
|bgpd|  |ripd|  |ospfd|  |zebra|
+----+  +----+  +-----+  +-----+
                            |
+---------------------------|--+
|                           v  |
|  UNIX Kernel  routing table  |
|                              |
+------------------------------+

    Quagga System Architecture

如上图所示:
– ripd,负责处理RIP协议
– ospfd,负责处理ospf v2协议
– bgpd,负责处理BGP v4协议
– zebra,作为内核路由表管理器
其他守护进程:
– ripngd
– ospf6d

1.6 斑驴支持的系统平台

– GNU/Linux
– FreeBSD
– NetBSD
– OpenBSD
另外,以下平台将来也可能支持
– Solaris
– Mac OSX

1.7 斑驴对C库的依赖

– GNU’s CCC
– LLVM’s clang
– Intel’s ICC
注:以上C库经过充分的测试

2 最佳实践

2.1 环境信息

2.1.1 系统信息

IP Address = 10.168.0.60
OS = RHEL 8.0 x86_64

2.1.2 编译环境配置

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make expat-devel

2.1.3 下载安装包

cd ~
wget https://gogs.quagga.net/attachments/a6f5eb64-639a-49cf-964e-7aa196b9ac50 -O quagga-1.2.4.tar.gz

注:如果你需要下载其他版本,或以上链接无效,请参阅如下链接,
Releases · Quagga/quagga · GitHub

2.1.4 解压安装包

tar -xf quagga-1.2.4.tar.gz

2.2 编译安装

2.2.1 预编译软件包

cd ~/quagga-1.2.4/
./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin \
            --libexecdir=/usr/libexec \
            --sysconfdir=/etc/quagga \
            --localstatedir=/var/run/quagga \
            --libdir=/usr/lib64  \
            --includedir=/usr/include \
            --datarootdir=/usr/share \
            --infodir=/usr/share/info \
            --localedir=/usr/share/locale \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/quagga \
            --enable-user=quagga \
            --enable-group=quagga \
            --enable-vty-group=quaggavt

参数“localstatedir”是必须设置为“/var/run/quagga”,否则配置ospf时会出现以下错误提示,

OSPF not enabled on this interface

如果看到如下错误提示,

configure: error: vtysh needs libreadline but was not found and usable on your system.

你可能需要安装如下依赖包,

yum install -y readline-devel

如果看到如下错误提示,

configure: error: Package requirements (libcares) were not met:

Package 'libcares', required by 'virtual:world', not found

你可能需要安装如下依赖包,

yum install -y c-ares-devel

2.2.2 编译并安装软件包

make
make install

2.3 配置Quagga主服务zebra

2.3.1 创建运行用户

groupadd -g 85 quaggavt
groupadd -g 92 quagga
useradd -u 92 -g 92 -d /var/run/quagga/ -s /sbin/nologin quagga
usermod -G quaggavt quagga

2.3.2 部署配置文件

cp /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf.sample /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf
cp /etc/quagga/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
chown quagga:quagga /etc/quagga/
chown quagga:quagga /etc/quagga/*.conf
chown quagga:quaggavt /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf
chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf

2.3.3 测试运行环境

zebra -d -f /etc/quagga/zebra.conf -C

参数简介,
-d 参数声明zebra以damon的模式运行
-f 参数声明zebra配置文件的位置
-C 参数声明zebra以测试模式运行并退出(适合调试)

2.3.4 手动测试运行

zebra -d -f /etc/quagga/zebra.conf -i /run/quagga/zebra.pid

参数简介,
-i 参数声明pid文件的位置
命令执行后,我们建议你使用如下命令确认运行正常,

pgrep -a zebra

如果你看到如下输出,则守护进程正常运行,

47962 zebra -d -f /etc/quagga/zebra.conf -i /run/quagga/zebra.pid

如果你需要手动退出进程,请使用如下命令,

kill 2 `pgrep zebra`

2.3.5 部署服务脚本

cp ~/quagga-1.2.4/redhat/*.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
cp ~/quagga-1.2.4/redhat/quagga.sysconfig /etc/sysconfig/quagga

如果你需要外部主机可以管理zebra,我建议你修改如下配置

vim /etc/sysconfig/quagga

内容修改如下,

#
# Default: Bind all daemon vtys to the loopback(s) only
#
BABELD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
BGPD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
ISISD_OPTS="-A ::1"
OSPF6D_OPTS="-A ::1"
OSPFD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
RIPD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
RIPNGD_OPTS="-A ::1"
# ZEBRA_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
ZEBRA_OPTS="-A 0.0.0.0"
PIMD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"

# Watchquagga configuration for LSB initscripts
#
# (Not needed with systemd: the service files are configured to automatically
# restart any daemon on failure. If zebra fails, all running daemons will be
# stopped; zebra will be started again; and then the previously running daemons
# will be started again.)
#
# Uncomment and edit this line to reflect the daemons you are actually using:
#WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"
#
# Timer values can be adjusting by editing this line:
WATCH_OPTS="-Az -b_ -r/sbin/service_%s_restart -s/sbin/service_%s_start -k/sbin/service_%s_stop"

由于官方提供的启动脚本执行会报错,我们建议你使用如下命令修改,

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/zebra.service

脚本修改如下,

[Unit]
Description=GNU Zebra routing manager
Wants=network.target
Before=network.target
After=network-pre.target
ConditionPathExists=/etc/quagga/zebra.conf
Documentation=man:zebra

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/quagga
ExecStartPre=/sbin/ip route flush proto zebra
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/mkdir -p /run/quagga
ExecStartPre=-/bin/chown -f quagga:quagga /run/quagga /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
ExecStartPre=-/bin/chown -f quagga:quaggavt /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf
ExecStartPre=-/bin/chmod -f 640 /etc/quagga/zebra.conf  /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/zebra -d $ZEBRA_OPTS -f /etc/quagga/zebra.conf -i /run/quagga/zebra.pid
Restart=on-abort

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改完毕后,你需要重新载入脚本,

systemctl daemon-reload

2.3.6 测试启动脚本

systemctl start zebra.service
systemctl stop zebra.service
systemctl restart zebra.service
systemctl status zebra.service

2.4.7 配置服务自启动

systemctl enable zebra.service

2.4 配置Quagga ospfd服务

2.4.1 部署配置文件

cp /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
chown quagga:quagga /etc/quagga/
chown quagga:quagga /etc/quagga/*.conf
chown quagga:quaggavt /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf
chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf

2.4.2 测试运行环境

ospfd -d -f /etc/quagga/zebra.conf -C

参数简介,
-d 参数声明zebra以damon的模式运行
-f 参数声明zebra配置文件的位置
-C 参数声明zebra以测试模式运行并退出(适合调试)

2.4.3 手动测试运行

ospfd -d -f /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf -i /run/quagga/ospfd.pid

参数简介,
-i 参数声明pid文件的位置
命令执行后,我们建议你使用如下命令确认运行正常,

pgrep -a ospfd

如果你看到如下输出,则守护进程正常运行,

51600 ospfd -d -f /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf -i /run/quagga/ospfd.pid

如果你需要手动退出进程,请使用如下命令,

kill 2 `pgrep ospfd`

2.4.4 部署服务脚本

vim /etc/sysconfig/quagga

内容修改如下,

#
# Default: Bind all daemon vtys to the loopback(s) only
#
BABELD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
BGPD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
ISISD_OPTS="-A ::1"
OSPF6D_OPTS="-A ::1"
# OSPFD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
OSPFD_OPTS="-A 0.0.0.0"
RIPD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
RIPNGD_OPTS="-A ::1"
# ZEBRA_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"
ZEBRA_OPTS="-A 0.0.0.0"
PIMD_OPTS="-A 127.0.0.1"

# Watchquagga configuration for LSB initscripts
#
# (Not needed with systemd: the service files are configured to automatically
# restart any daemon on failure. If zebra fails, all running daemons will be
# stopped; zebra will be started again; and then the previously running daemons
# will be started again.)
#
# Uncomment and edit this line to reflect the daemons you are actually using:
#WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"
#
# Timer values can be adjusting by editing this line:
WATCH_OPTS="-Az -b_ -r/sbin/service_%s_restart -s/sbin/service_%s_start -k/sbin/service_%s_stop"

由于官方提供的启动脚本执行会报错,我们建议你使用如下命令修改,

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/ospfd.service

脚本修改如下,

[Unit]
Description=OSPF routing daemon
BindsTo=zebra.service
Wants=network.target
After=zebra.service network-pre.target
Before=network.target
ConditionPathExists=/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
Documentation=man:ospfd

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/quagga
ExecStartPre=-/bin/chown -f quagga:quagga /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
ExecStartPre=-/bin/chmod -f 640 /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/ospfd -d $OSPFD_OPTS -f /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf -i /run/quagga/ospfd.pid
Restart=on-abort

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改完毕后,你需要重新载入脚本,

systemctl daemon-reload

2.4.5 测试启动脚本

systemctl start ospfd.service
systemctl stop ospfd.service
systemctl restart ospfd.service
systemctl status ospfd.service

2.4.6 配置服务自启动

systemctl enable ospfd.service

2.5 配置防火墙

2.5.1 确定路由服务的通讯端口

netstat -anp | egrep "ospfd|zebra"

可见如下输出,

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2601            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2746/zebra
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2604            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2753/ospfd
raw        0      0 0.0.0.0:89              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2753/ospfd
raw6       0      0 :::58                   :::*                    7           2746/zebra

注:ospfd进程的89端口可能要等路由发布才能看到

2.5.2 允许路由的协议或端口通讯

egrep "89|58" /etc/protocols

可见如下信息,

ipv6-icmp       58      IPv6-ICMP               # ICMP for IPv6
ospf    89      OSPFIGP         # Open Shortest Path First IGP

由于89与58端口不是IP协议是一种socket的类型,所以使用允许协议的方式配置,

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-protocol=ospf
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-protocol=ipv6-icmp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all

另外两个管理端口使用如下命令配置,

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port 2601/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port 2604/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all

2.6 配置服务自启动

如果你不熟悉路由的基本配置,请参阅以下链接的2.3章节,
如何实现基于Linux的路由之Quagga? – cmdSchool

参阅文档
===============

Quagga github
—————-
GitHub - Quagga/quagga: Quagga Tracking repository - Master is at http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/quagga.git

Quagga的下载,
Releases · Quagga/quagga · GitHub
https://gogs.quagga.net/Quagga/quagga/releases

rpm包的构建
—————–
https://github.com/Quagga/quagga/blob/master/redhat/README.rpm_build.md

错误“OSPF not enabled on this interface”的解决方法,
———————–
https://lists.quagga.net/pipermail/quagga-users/2006-April/006715.html
https://lists.quagga.net/pipermail/quagga-users/2006-April/006709.html
Mailing List Archive: OSPF not enabled on this interface

 

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