ffmpeg系列-协议操作解析-AVIOContext，URLContext，URLProtocol，HTTPContext

1.协议操作对象结构

协议操作对象结构：

协议操作的顶层结构是AVIOContext，这个对象实现了带缓冲的读写操作；FFMPEG的输入对象AVFormatContext的pb字段指向一个AVIOContext。

AVIOContext的opaque实际指向一个URLContext对象，这个对象封装了协议对象及协议操作对象，其中prot指向具体的协议操作对象(如URLProtocol)，priv_data指向具体的协议对象(如HTTPContext或者FileContext)。

URLProtocol为协议操作对象，针对每种协议，会有一个这样的对象，每个协议操作对象和一个协议对象关联，比如，文件操作对象为ff_file_protocol，它关联的结构体是FileContext。http协议操作对象为ff_http_protocol,它的关联的结构体是HttpContext。

2.代码分析

2.1初始化AVIOContext函数调用关系

初始化AVIOFormat函数调用关系：

我们先从下面到上面来分析源码。先分析协议中具体实现以及URLProtocol以及URLContext。

URLProtocol是FFMPEG操作文件的结构(包括文件，网络数据流等等)，包括open、close、read、write、seek等操作。

在av_register_all()函数中，通过调用REGISTER_PROTOCOL()宏，所有的URLProtocol都保存在以first_protocol为链表头的链表中

URLProtocol结构体的定义为：

typedef struct URLProtocol {
    const char *name;//协议的名称
    //各种协议对应的回调函数
    int     (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
    /**
     * This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
     * protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
     * for those nested protocols.
     */
    int     (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);
    int     (*url_accept)(URLContext *s, URLContext **c);
    int     (*url_handshake)(URLContext *c);

    /**
     * Read data from the protocol.
     * If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
     * reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
     * Otherwise:
     * In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
     * In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
     * and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
     * Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
     * enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
     * retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
     */
    int     (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int     (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
    int     (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
    int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
                             int64_t timestamp, int flags);
    int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
                                     int *numhandles);
    int (*url_get_short_seek)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
    int priv_data_size;
    const AVClass *priv_data_class;
    int flags;
    int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
    int (*url_open_dir)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_read_dir)(URLContext *h, AVIODirEntry **next);
    int (*url_close_dir)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_delete)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_move)(URLContext *h_src, URLContext *h_dst);
    const char *default_whitelist;//默认白名单
} URLProtocol;

以HTTP协议为例，ff_http_protocol

const URLProtocol ff_http_protocol = {
    .name                = "http",
    .url_open2           = http_open,
    .url_accept          = http_accept,
    .url_handshake       = http_handshake,
    .url_read            = http_read,
    .url_write