今天换一种风格，发现读太多与自然与自我对话的文，人也变得文绉绉的。其实豹豹是一个活泼的人~
这一篇文是托马斯潘恩的节选，属于劝说文。Persuasion is writing meant to convince readers to think or act in a certain way. A persuasive writer appeals to emotions or reason, offers opinions, and urges action. 文中用各种信息，事件，实例，运用比喻，对比，反复进行了情绪上的推进和渲染。当然删除的部分是关于Tories (事不关己高高挂起，利己主义者)的一段描写，也很耐人寻味。中间提到了Joan of Arc的历史来激励人心(过多知识请自行查询，豹豹为了避免翻车无奈)，以及Voltaire(伏尔泰)和法国的support，突然觉得路易十六好炮灰。
但文中却又提到了一句话(本篇未收录)，专门摘抄了一下。Not a place upon earth might be so happy as America. Her situation is remote from all the wrangling world, and she has nothing to do but to trade with them. 自行体会，就不翻译了。
托马斯潘恩(1737-1809)，一名记者。1776年的《常识》让其一跃而起，并参加了军队，在撤退到潘索维尼亚(也就是宾夕法尼亚)的时候，供给短缺、天气严寒和士气低落。这时潘恩正在写这个系列的散文，极大激发了斗志。这篇文抛开个人杂七杂八的因素，是一篇很激昂的文章。在和平时期也是有借鉴的地方。覆巢之下无完卵是永远要牢记于心！
本文因为涉及太多逃不开的词汇，所以不再做整句翻译，望谅解。文也不算难。
THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.
开篇定题，考验的时刻到来了。try在考研作文中太常见。
summer soldier: summer此处指strong整个词组表示the soldiers are well-trained and strong.
sunshine patriot: the patriot are optimistic
这里这两个词组豹豹没读出对其支持，其实是有一丝暗讽在里面。
shrink很悲观的表现出了退缩的状态，比retreat, cower更形象。
Tyranny是一个贬义词。
A tyranny is a cruel, harsh, and unfair government in which a person or small group of people have power over everyone else.
What we obtain too cheap, we esteem (尊重) too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated.
如同上文结尾所说，艰苦越大，胜利越有荣光。所以我们得到的太容易，越不珍惜。
it is dearness only that gives every thing its value.是一个强调句型，正是珍惜赋予了它价值。
celestial本义是天空的，额外释义奇妙的，在这里可以理解为holy
article: object
if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated ,it would be strange indeed .这样排下序会更好理解。
Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but 'to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER' and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth. Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God...
这解释了原因。看到这里不禁感叹历史饶过谁，也觉得一个国和一个人一样，都必须自强，不知道秃鹰又如何解释1900年的圆明园，又如何解释一百年前的印第安土地。
impious(pious 神圣的)
bind: be restricted
I have as little superstition in me as any man living, but my secret opinion has ever been, and still is, that God Almighty (就是指God) will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent.
这一段其实可以看出潘恩是一个理性的人，他的《常识》(Common Sense,1776)以及《理性时代》(The Age of Reason ,1794) 多少都可以透露这一点，只可惜后者给他带来的只有心力交瘁的攻击。
little few只要不加a都是否定的，在这里只能说有那么一点点(其实是为了表示对其他民众的尊重)
Superstition is belief in things that are not real or possible, for example magic.
calamity 灾难，这个词太熟了。
decent这个词其实很值得玩味，所有正当的交涉。
其实整个这一段内容用《国际歌》的歌词就直接囊括了。
Neither have I so much of the infidel in me, as to suppose that He has relinquished the government of the world, and given us up to the care of devils; and as I do not, I cannot see on what grounds the king of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us: a common murderer, a highwayman, or a house-breaker, has as good a pretence as he.
与上一段的情况进行对比。
infidel: If one person refers to another as an infidel, the first person is hostile towards the second person because that person has a different religion or has no religion.(这个打击面有点大了)
relinquished很高级的词，正式用语 If you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.
on what grounds以……为理论依据
pretence n.假装，文中指堂而皇之找借口。动词pretend, 形容词pretentious(虚伪的)
I turn with the warm ardor of a friend to those who have nobly stood, and are yet determined to stand the matter out: I call not upon a few, but upon all: not on this state or that state, but on every state: up and help us; lay your shoulders to the wheel; better have too much force than too little, when so great an object is at stake. Let it be told to the future world, that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive, that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet and to repulse it.
本文的最后一段(一共节选是三段，省去了一些事例和批判)
不是对少数人，而是全体，不是对这个州，那个州，而是全部，对每一个人.民呼吁。(文章里this印刷错误…)，用你们的肩膀推动前进的车轮。
at stake 处于危急关头
repulse在此处不是常用的憎恶一义，If an army or other group repulses a group of people, they drive it back using force.
Say not that thousands are gone, turn out your tens of thousands; throw not the burden of the day upon Providence, but 'show your faith by your works,' that God may bless you. It matters not where you live, or what rank of life you hold, the evil or the blessing will reach you all. The far and the near, the home counties and the back, the rich and the poor, will suffer or rejoice alike.
这一段对比叠加还是很有美感和力量的。
每一个不同的人，此时都是同甘共苦，喜则同喜，忧则同忧。
'Tis the business of little minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death. My own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray of light. Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, could have induced me to support an offensive war, for I think it murder;
中间跳了几行。
Tis: it is
pursue his principles unto death至死不渝
最后一句话给这次war定了性。
but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it, and to 'bind me in all cases whatsoever' to his absolute will, am I to suffer it? What signifies it to me, whether he who does it is a king or a common man; my countryman or not my countryman; whether it be done by an individual villain, or an army of them? If we reason to the root of things we shall find no difference; neither can any just cause be assigned why we should punish in the one case and pardon(赦免，excuse) in the other.
这一段结尾豹豹还是挺喜欢的。每一个有血性有理智有担当的人都应该如此。
reason to the root 归根到底
just此处表示公正的。(justice帮助记忆)
这篇文就结束了，从昨天开始标记整理。今天的笔记也是断断续续，有点虎头蛇尾(发现总是在持续了一个小时候之后就有点倦怠)，也是因为后面的内容没有过多的难点。读这篇文其实豹豹的态度有点不端正，因为总是忍不住将所知道的一些历史进行对比，有点主观了。其中一些观念也是仁者见仁智者见智，所以就是这个样子。明天挑一篇简单的读，脑细胞要被挖空了。
继续进行铁路少年，页数不少。捎带慢慢地看，也才进行到了25％，炸叔的血字研究昨天晚上听完了。今天抽空补一下广播剧和同名动画电影(未找到真人版)。喵子的麦苗长出来了，可惜太细嫩，啃了一下巴的泥土也是没眼瞧了。