服务器停电后，重启顺序
1、将外置移动硬盘或者机械硬盘拔出；
2、进入系统，选择内核版本139的系统；
3、重新插入拔出的硬盘；
4、检查显卡情况；
watch -n 1 nvidia-smi
5、启动VNCserver；
vncserver
每运行一次，多开一个端口
6、查看其他保存情况。
ubuntu 新建用户
- 切换至root
sudo su
- 添加新用户
sudo useradd -r -m -s /bin/bash lhz
创建用户，自动在/home/目录下创建相应的文件夹
sudo adduser lhz
- 配置新用户密码
sudo passwd lhz
- 给新添加的用户增加ROOT权限
sudo vi /etc/sudoers
然后添加：
用户名 ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
linux中用adduser和useradd命令创建用户
- 删除用户
一开始报错，后来关闭进程后删掉用户
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ sudo userdel -r public
userdel: user public is currently used by process 18219
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ sudo su
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# userdel public
userdel: user public is currently used by process 18219
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# kill -9 18219
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# userdel public
userdel: user public is currently used by process 18250
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# kill -9 18250
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# userdel public
root@s-desktop:/home/lhzouc# exit
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ su public
No passwd entry for user 'public'
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ sudo public
sudo: public: command not found
- 查看所有用户信息
sudo vim /etc/passwd
7.切换用户/root
su lhz
8.查看当前用户所在的用户组
id -Gn
groups
- 将用户加入到某个用户组/sudo组
sudo adduser lhz scw4750
sudo adduser lhz sudo
或者
su scw4750
groups lhz
sudo usermod -G sudo lhz
groups lhz
- 修改文件夹所有者
chown -R scw4750:lhz liuhz/
- 删除用户
sudo deluser lhz --remove-home
显卡丢失问题解决
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.
解决参考
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-384 libcuda1-384 nvidia-opencl-icd-384
sudo reboot
由于我们服务器驱动为390.87，因此按照如下指令
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-390 libcuda1-390 nvidia-opencl-icd-390
sudo reboot
如果重启后光标闪烁，不进入系统，则切换内核版本
NVIDIA显卡报错并重装
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn’t communicate with the NVIDIA driver.
Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.
- 卸载原驱动
sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia*
- 更新源
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
- 查看当前系统推荐你安装的驱动版本
ubuntu-drivers devices
4.安装
sudo apt-get install nvidia-384
5.查看是否成功
nvidia-smi
Anaconda 虚拟环境
1、环境配置
下载anaconda.sh文件并运行脚本
sudo sh Anaconda3-5.3.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
... # 多次按空格读完license。
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes # 输入yes
[/home/andrew/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/anaconda3 # 输入自定义目录
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
in your /home/andrew/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> # 选择yes
进入bashrc文件中
ouc@ouc:~/Desktop$ gedit ~/.bashrc
添加需要补充的Anaconda环境
# added by Miniconda3 installer
export PATH="/home/ouc/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
#export PATH ="/home/ouc/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"
#export PATH="/usr/bin/python2.7:$PATH"
最后修改完成后执行语句
ouc@ouc:~/Desktop$ source ~/.bashrc
2、查看当前用户安装的虚拟环境
conda create -n envname python=3.7
lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$ conda info -e
WARNING: The conda.compat module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
# conda environments:
#
py36tf14 /home/lhz/.conda/envs/py36tf14
py36tf18 /home/lhz/.conda/envs/py36tf18
py36torch04 /home/lhz/.conda/envs/py36torch04
sphere /home/lhz/.conda/envs/sphere
base * /media/disk/liuhongzhi/anaconda3
con1 /media/disk/liuhongzhi/anaconda3/envs/con1
encrip /media/disk/liuhongzhi/anaconda3/envs/encrip
lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$ conda activate encrip
(encrip) lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$
(encrip) lhz@s-desktop:/media/disk/liuhongzhi/EncripGAN/EncripGAN0215$ conda deactivate
3、添加清华镜像源，修改~/.condarc
首先在终端中运行
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
tuna添加清华镜像源
lhz@scw4750:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
lhz@scw4750:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
4、conda: command not found 问题
lhz@scw4750:~$ vi ~/.bashrc
最后一行加上
export PATH=$PATH:/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin
保存更改运行
source ~/.bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
*i*) ;;
*) return;;
esac
# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend
# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize
# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar
# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac
# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes
if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
color_prompt=yes
else
color_prompt=
fi
fi
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
;;
*)
;;
esac
# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
#alias dir='dir --color=auto'
#alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi
# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands. Use like so:
# sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
. ~/.bash_aliases
fi
# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
. /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
fi
# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
eval "$__conda_setup"
else
if [ -f "/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
. "/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
else
export PATH="/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<
export PATH=$PATH:/media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/bin
5.显示conda信息
lhz@scw4750:~$ conda info
active environment : None
shell level : 0
user config file : /home/lhz/.condarc
populated config files : /home/lhz/.condarc
conda version : 4.7.12
conda-build version : 3.18.9
python version : 3.7.4.final.0
virtual packages : __cuda=10.1
base environment : /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3 (read only)
channel URLs : https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/noarch
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/linux-64
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/noarch
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/linux-64
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/noarch
package cache : /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/lhz/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/envs
/home/lhz/.conda/envs
platform : linux-64
user-agent : conda/4.7.12 requests/2.22.0 CPython/3.7.4 Linux/4.15.0-72-generic ubuntu/16.04.6 glibc/2.23
UID:GID : 1002:1002
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
如果保存环境到/home/lhz/.conda/envs路径时，需要修改~/.condarc中的pkgs_dirs和envs_dirs
修改conda环境和缓存默认路径
lhz@scw4750:~$ vi ~/.condarc
auto_activate_base: false
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pkgs_dirs:
- /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/pkgs
- /home/lhz/.conda/pkgs
envs_dirs:
- /media/scw4750/liuhz/anaconda3/envs
- /home/lhz/.conda/envs
- 让Anaconda不再自动进入虚拟环境base
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
- 卸载Anaconda环境
# 卸载包
# 删除指定环境中的指定包
conda remove --name snowflakes biopython
# 卸载环境
# --all参数表示移除环境中的所有软件包，即删除整个环境
conda remove --name envname --all
Ubuntu 命令行方式安装、启动、设置和链接 teamviewer
1、下载软件
wget http://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_i386.deb
2、更新依赖及安装指令
sudo apt-get update
出现错误：sudo apt-get update -f
sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_i386.deb
3、停止teamviewer
sudo teamviewer –daemon stop
4、修改配置文件
打开文件：vim /opt/teamviewer/config/global.conf
增加内容：
EulaAccepted = 1
EulaAcceptedRevision = 6
5、启动teamviewer
sudo teamviewer –daemon start
6、设置登录密码
sudo teamviewer –passwd 123456
7、获取TeamviewerID
teamviewer –info print id
或
teamviewer –info
8、teamviewer启动失败
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ teamviewer –daemon start
Init...
CheckCPU: SSE2 support: yes
XRandRWait: No value set. Using default.
XRandRWait: Started by user.
Checking setup...
Launching TeamViewer ...
Launching TeamViewer GUI ...
解决办法：
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ htop
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ sudo kill -9 1480
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ teamviewer –daemon start
Init...
CheckCPU: SSE2 support: yes
XRandRWait: No value set. Using default.
XRandRWait: Started by user.
Checking setup...
Launching TeamViewer ...
Launching TeamViewer GUI ...
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$ teamviewer &
[1] 22653
s@s-desktop:/home/lhz/.vnc$
Init...
CheckCPU: SSE2 support: yes
XRandRWait: No value set. Using default.
XRandRWait: Started by user.
Checking setup...
Launching TeamViewer ...
Launching TeamViewer GUI ...
Ubuntu 常用软件包安装
- Ristretto image viewer
# Install Howto
# Update the package index:
sudo apt-get update
# Install ristretto deb package:
sudo apt-get install ristretto
参考链接 ristretto_0.8.0-1_amd64.deb
VNC常见问题
Ubuntu VNCserver
- 打开VNC，查看端口可用
vncserver -list
查看vncserver已用端口的命令
(base) lhz@s-desktop:~$ ps -ef | grep vnc
- 删除端口
vncserver -kill :3
- VNC 黑屏和accept clipboard from viewer
连接上VNC后桌面黑屏什么都没有，又比如连接上后桌面左上角有3个选择框关不掉，选择内容为 Accept clipboard from viewer Send clipboard to viewer Send premary seletion to viewer
解决方法：
(1). 编辑vnc的配置文件，文件位置为： /root/.vnc/xstartup
vi /root/.vnc/xstartup
(2).修改部分内容
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
#unset SESSION_MANAGER
#exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &
改为
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &
gnome-session &
4.修改分辨率
查看vnc进程：
ps -ef | grep vnc
该命令可以列出当前系统上所有用户vnc界面的端口号，分辨率等信息。
我们要用到的只是端口号。
杀掉vnc端口对应的进程
vncserver -kill :5
我的端口号是5
启动vnc服务器
vncserver :5
启动后发现，与自己的电脑桌面相比界面比较小，点击全屏后，原来多余的部分都变成黑色的了。
通过上面说的查看vnc进程命令后发现有个信息-geometry 1024x768，这说明vnc的默认分辨率是1024x768，而我的笔记本分辨率是1366x768。所以要全屏，只需要修改分辨率即可。
修改vnc分辨率
修改分辨率的命令为：
vncserver -geometry 1920x1080 :5
在这里要注意一点，在vnc server运行期间，使用该命令是会报错的：‘A VNC server is already running as :5’
所以，在修改vnc分辨率之前，我们需要先将vnc server关闭。用上面说过的-kill命令杀掉vnc端口对应的进程即可。
或者可以采用以下方法：
lhz@s-desktop:~$ sudo vi /usr/bin/vncserver
#
# Global variables. You may want to configure some of these for your site.
#
$geometry = "1920x1080"; #可以修改分辨率
$depth = 16;
然后再运行命令修改分辨率即可。之后登录vnc界面就可以看到界面的大小已经改变了。
参考链接 修改VNC的分辨率
- 登录VNC桌面时，发现在终端中使用tab补全相关命令时，会不起作用
方法是在远程桌面中进行设置，路径是：打开菜单—设置—窗口管理器，Settings-Window manager-Keyboard-Switch window-clear，由此可以在终端进行指令补全
参考链接 学习ubuntu远程桌面（一）：配置远程桌面
阿里云服务器反向端口转发
外网服务器 IP: remote-host
外网用户名: ouc03
指令含义
-f 后台执行ssh指令
-C 允许压缩数据
-N 不执行远程指令
-R 将远程主机(服务器)的某个端口转发到本地端指定机器的指定端口
-L 将本地机(客户机)的某个端口转发到远端指定机器的指定端口
-p 指定远程主机的端口
- 在内网服务器上操作，建立内网到外网的反向代理，并检验是否已经启动
7275 为阿里云服务器绑定端口号（需要在阿里云工作台配置安全组规则开启）
22为 SSH 连接固定端口号（本地实验室服务器端口）
lhz@scw4750:~$ ssh -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 ouc03@remote-host
lhz@scw4750:~$ ps aux | grep ssh
root 1268 0.0 0.0 65512 6304 ? Ss 1月03 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 1440 0.0 0.0 94928 6988 ? Ss 08:55 0:00 sshd: videoudsd [priv]
videoud+ 1544 0.0 0.0 94928 4456 ? S 08:55 0:01 sshd: videoudsd@pts/5
root 6961 0.0 0.0 94928 6896 ? Ss 1月16 0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz 7071 0.0 0.0 94928 3456 ? S 1月16 0:10 sshd: lhz@pts/1
root 8629 0.0 0.0 94928 6840 ? Ss 1月16 0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz 8666 0.0 0.0 94928 3424 ? S 1月16 0:05 sshd: lhz@pts/2
root 16107 0.0 0.0 94928 6916 ? Ss 13:16 0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz 16216 0.0 0.0 94928 3220 ? S 13:16 0:00 sshd: lhz@pts/9
root 17142 0.0 0.0 95008 7124 ? Ss 10:20 0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz 17201 0.0 0.0 95296 4304 ? S 10:20 0:00 sshd: lhz@notty
lhz 20787 0.0 0.0 45212 2864 ? Ss 13:41 0:00 ssh -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 [email protected]
root 21230 0.0 0.0 94928 6960 ? Ss 13:44 0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz 21289 0.0 0.0 94928 3592 ? S 13:44 0:00 sshd: lhz@pts/8
root 23343 0.0 0.0 94928 7020 ? Ss 13:54 0:00 sshd: lhz [priv]
lhz 23389 0.0 0.0 94928 3096 ? S 13:54 0:00 sshd: lhz@pts/10
lhz 24981 0.0 0.0 45212 780 ? Ss 14:03 0:00 ssh -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 [email protected]
lhz 25019 0.0 0.0 21292 972 pts/9 S+ 14:03 0:00 grep --color=auto ssh
(base) [intern2@172-10-60-160 ssh]$ ssh -o serveraliveinterval=60 -fCNR 7257:localhost:22 airia160@remote-host
- 在外网服务器上建立正向代理，用来做转发。
7274端口为本地转发端口，负责和外网进行通信，并将数据转发的7275这个端口，实现了可以从其他机器访问的功能，并从7274端口登录
ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ ssh -fCNL *:7274:localhost:7275 localhost
ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ ps aux | grep ssh
root 19700 0.0 0.2 59420 5920 ? Ss 13:22 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 20035 0.0 0.3 93460 7016 ? Ss 13:28 0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03 20065 0.0 0.1 93460 3300 ? S 13:28 0:00 sshd: ouc03@pts/0
root 20082 0.0 0.3 93428 6892 ? Ss 13:34 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20113 0.0 0.2 93836 5068 ? S 13:34 0:00 sshd: ouc02
root 20114 0.0 0.3 93428 7112 ? Ss 13:34 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20137 0.0 0.1 93428 3492 ? S 13:34 0:00 sshd: ouc02@pts/1
root 20164 0.0 0.3 93460 6736 ? Ss 13:35 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20166 0.0 0.0 37380 740 ? Ss 13:35 0:00 ssh -fCNL *:7279:localhost:7278 localhost
ouc02 20188 0.0 0.2 93636 4952 ? S 13:35 0:00 sshd: ouc02
ouc02 20225 0.0 0.2 36680 5276 pts/1 S+ 13:36 0:00 ssh -p7278 [email protected]
root 20226 0.0 0.3 93540 7132 ? Ss 13:38 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20249 0.0 0.1 93540 3464 ? S 13:38 0:00 sshd: ouc02@pts/2
ouc02 20269 0.0 0.2 36684 4452 pts/2 S+ 13:39 0:00 ssh -p7278 [email protected]
root 20338 0.0 0.3 93432 6856 ? Ss 13:42 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20361 0.0 0.2 93704 4656 ? S 13:42 0:00 sshd: ouc02
root 20362 0.0 0.3 93432 7064 ? Ss 13:43 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20386 0.0 0.1 93432 3232 ? S 13:43 0:00 sshd: ouc02@pts/3
root 20402 0.0 0.3 93460 6708 ? Ss 13:43 0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03 20404 0.0 0.1 37380 2444 ? Ss 13:43 0:00 ssh -fCNL *:7274:localhost:7275 localhost
ouc03 20426 0.0 0.2 93636 4924 ? S 13:43 0:00 sshd: ouc03
ouc02 20429 0.0 0.2 36684 4412 pts/3 S+ 13:43 0:00 ssh -p7278 [email protected]
ouc03 20430 0.0 0.2 36676 5484 pts/0 S+ 13:44 0:00 ssh -p7275 [email protected]
root 20506 0.0 0.3 93460 6932 ? Ss 13:51 0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03 20529 0.0 0.1 93460 3288 ? S 13:51 0:00 sshd: ouc03@pts/5
root 20618 0.0 0.3 93432 6856 ? Ss 13:52 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20641 0.0 0.2 93704 4644 ? S 13:52 0:00 sshd: ouc02
root 20777 0.0 0.3 93432 7064 ? Ss 14:03 0:00 sshd: ouc02 [priv]
ouc02 20800 0.0 0.2 93704 4900 ? S 14:03 0:00 sshd: ouc02
root 20801 0.0 0.3 93428 6896 ? Ss 14:03 0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03 20824 0.0 0.2 93704 4680 ? S 14:03 0:00 sshd: ouc03
root 20828 0.0 0.3 93460 7028 ? Ss 14:05 0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03 20851 0.0 0.1 93460 3300 ? S 14:05 0:00 sshd: ouc03@pts/4
root 20867 0.0 0.3 93460 6600 ? Ss 14:05 0:00 sshd: ouc03 [priv]
ouc03 20869 0.0 0.0 37380 732 ? Ss 14:05 0:00 ssh -fCNL *:7274:localhost:7275 localhost
ouc03 20891 0.0 0.2 93636 4744 ? S 14:05 0:00 sshd: ouc03
ouc03 20893 0.0 0.0 14220 928 pts/4 S+ 14:06 0:00 grep --color=auto ssh
- 用SSH连接
ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ ssh -p7274 lhz@remote-host
lhz@remote-host's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-72-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
95 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
New release '18.04.3 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
*** System restart required ***
Last login: Fri Jan 17 14:09:34 2020 from 127.0.0.1
- 建立稳定隧道
lhz@scw4750:~$ autossh -M 7273 -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host
利用ssh反向代理以及autossh实现从外网连接内网服务器
autossh的参数与ssh的参数是一致的，但是不同的是，在隧道断开的时候，autossh会自动重新连接而ssh不会。另外不同的是需要指出的-M参数，这个参数指定一个端口，这个端口是外网的B机器用来接收内网A机器的信息，如果隧道不正常而返回给A机器让他实现重新连接。
- 查看端口使用情况
ouc03@iZuf6bd4deudifh44e6p12Z:~$ netstat -tln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7273 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7274 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7278 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7279 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::7274 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::7279 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
- 配置开机自启
Ubuntu14.04以下写入 /etc/rc.local 的 exit 0 之前
su - lab-user -c autossh -M 7274 -fCNR 7275:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host
在 Ubuntu16.04+ 中实现开机自启要复杂一点
sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/autossh.service
[Unit]
Description=Start autossh to aliyun at startup.
After=network.target
[Service]
User=lab-user
Group=lab-user
Environment="AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh -M 7281 -CNR 7280:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes remote-user@remote-host
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
注意：
a. 上面 autossh 命令没有 -f 选项，因为 systemd 不支持，"AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0" 已经有这个作用了。
b. 上面的 User、Group 字段对应 lab-user 用户的用户名、用户组，意思是使用 lab-user 这个用户执行上面的 service。如果不加 User、Group 字段，上面的 service 在开机时会由 root 用户执行，所以 root 用户应该能够免密码登录 remote-host 才行，否则会报 Host key verification failed 的错误。
[Unit]
Description=Start autossh to aliyun at startup.
After=network.target
[Service]
User=lhz
Group=lhz
Environment="AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh -M 7273 -CNR 7275:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
然后运行：
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable autossh.service
sudo systemctl start autossh.service
利用 sudo systemctl status autossh.service 检查运行状态。
- 将服务器某些端口内容转发到本地端口
例如，服务器正在用 tensorboard 在 6006 端口可视化 loss，然后将该端口转发到阿里云服务器的 5000 端口：
# 在实验室服务器执行
$ ssh -CNR *:5000:localhost:6006 remote-user@remote-host
在浏览器打开 remote-host:5000 即可访问。
- 将本地文件传到远程服务器
(1) 不需要连代理服务器
scp filename user@HostName:route
scp -r filedir user@HostName:route
(2)连接代理服务器
scp filename Host:route
scp -r filedir Host:route
- 将远程服务器文件传到本地
(1) 不需要连代理服务器
scp user@HostName:route filename
scp -r user@HostName:route filedir
(2)连接代理服务器
scp Host:route filename
scp -r Host:route filedir
hzq@hzq:~/Medical$ scp -r -P 7256 intern2@remote-host:/data/jay/lhz/Methods/ScaledYOLOv4/ScaledYOLOv4/runs/exp3_yolov4-csp/*.jpg ./
- 注意事项
- ssh认第一个输入指令，autossh前清掉之前的ssh命令(直到连接不上)，否则连接会断
- 可以运行长时间交互命令，比如ifstat等
- 目前可以连接27和38服务器
(base) lhzouc@s-desktop:~$ autossh -M 7260 -fCNR 7261:localhost:22 -o ServerAliveInterval=60 -o TCPKeepAlive=yes ouc03@remote-host
参考链接
利用ssh反向代理以及autossh实现从外网连接内网服务器
利用阿里云服务器配置反向端口转发 <实验室内部论坛>
VSCode 远程开发含免密操作
- 在本地生成密钥对
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your email"
# 或者
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
在远程服务器进行相同的操作
ssh-keygen -t rsa
2.将本地公钥保存到远程服务器上，让远程机器的authorized_keys中包含公钥内容，用于免密操作
# 本地
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ouc03@remote-host:/home/authorized_keys
# 远程服务器
cd ~/.ssh/
scp ouc03@remote-host:/home/authorized_keys ./
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
# 可选操作
sudo service ssh restart
- VSCode 配置
选择远程资源资源管理器(电脑带箭头)->配置(configure 齿轮形状)
选择横条里选择：/home/henry/.ssh/config
Host lab
HostName XX.XXX.XXX.XXX
User henry
Port 7251
Host 显示在连接选项中的名字,
HostName 你的ssh服务器的地址
User 你登录ssh时的用户名
即可完成配置
参考链接：
vscode remote ssh 远程开发免密登陆方法
VSCode 远程开发(带免密)
- 打开服务器端的html文件
连接远程服务器后，按 shift+ctrl+x 安装 HTML Preview 插件。
右键选择 Open preview 或者 ctrl + shift + v即可打开远程端的html文件。
html预览图
常见系统问题
1.Tab键无法补全命令
（1）修改bashrc
sudo vi /etc/bash.bashrc
将以下注释的部分，取消注释
1. #enable bash completion in interactive shells
2. #if ! shopt -oq posix; then
3. # if [-f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
4. # . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
5. # elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion]; then
6. # . /etc/bash_completion
7. # fi
8. #fi
改为
1. #enable bash completion in interactive shells
2. if ! shopt -oq posix; then
3. if [-f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
4. . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
5. elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion]; then
6. . /etc/bash_completion
7. fi
8. fi
最后 进行一步source更新
sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc
参考 Ubuntu系统Tab键不能自动补全问题解决
（2）在远程桌面中设置，打开菜单->设置->窗口管理器，或者在终端中输入xfwm4-settings打开（xfwm4就是xfce4 window manger的缩写）
选择键盘，可以看到窗口快捷键中动作一列有“切换同一应用程序的窗口”选项，将该选项的快捷键清除后关闭窗口即可。
到此，Tab键自动补全功能配置完成。
Window manager设置修改.png
参考 windows远程桌面ubuntu中Tab键不能补全命令的解决办法
- 在服务器上挂载U盘
(1) 查看磁盘情况
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for liangju:
Disk /dev/sdb: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x99d0c6d2
(2) 查看块设备的文件系统，LABEL和UUID
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo blkid
[sudo] password for liangju:
/dev/sda4: UUID="02f0c150-9b43-4480-9b0c-d5e0e019de63" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="667f5f84-c211-4912-a737-194c65d8482a"
/dev/sda2: UUID="95300fdd-8a59-47c7-8ccf-41593ccd0751" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="15774072-4714-4080-b85e-8791a10279e8"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="9cbe1c6c-1da2-4943-8396-41647fc1e8c3" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="aab40112-d765-45d1-be56-6455c9e5078d"
/dev/loop8: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop9: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop10: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop11: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop12: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop13: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop14: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop15: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop16: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda3: PARTUUID="bcb440e8-a202-4529-8683-940e67c69a60"
/dev/sdb4: LABEL="Ubuntu 16.0" UUID="B4FE-5315" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="cad4ebea-04"
其中/dev/sdb4是我们需要挂载的U盘
(3) 新建挂载目录 /media/hd
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:~$ sudo mkdir /media/hd
(4) U盘挂载到指定路径
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo mount /dev/sdb4 /media/hd
(5) 查看U盘内容
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ ls
boot 'FW150US 4.0' pics
casper install pool
compare isolinux preseed
config K40 res
dists movie 'RICOH SP 325SNw_windows???????.pdf'
EFI outpainting_1017_with_colorLoss 'System Volume Information'
FOUND.000 outpainting_car_slice16_Alpha uname
FOUND.001 PEN_3 XMPSetup_5.3.1.6065-VZqqpcmgr.exe
(6) 卸载U盘
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$ sudo umount /media/hd
(7) 设备繁忙
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo umount /media/hd
umount: /media/hd: target is busy.
解决方式
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ sudo umount /media/hd
[sudo] password for liangju:
umount: /media/hd: target is busy.
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media/hd$ cd ..
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$ fuser -km hd
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$ sudo umount /media/hd
liangju@fuwuqi-Z370-HD3:/media$