近这段时间，美国连续制造针对中国的敏感事件，使中美关系走向全面破裂和激烈冲突。
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－ “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太 CHAPTER X. TOBACCO OFFERINGS. 1808. It was a beautiful moonlight evening in August. A shadowy haze lingered over the river, which glistened and sparkled in the moonlight. The Chief and several members of his family were seated on the beach in front of the Wigwam listening to the Honorable Joseph Papineau, who, with his son, Louis Joseph, had come up in a 赢家，大抵不过集合了“天时地利人和”之便，成就人生的巅峰。我们的先辈一向很相信命运、运气这样的东西，在自己搞不懂现状的时候，往往用运气来解释，求个心安理得。乃至到现在，依然是这样。李嘉诚曾经总结自己的事业生涯：二十岁以前，所有成果都是实打实靠双手打拼回来；二十岁到三十岁，百分之九十靠勤劳，百分之十靠运气；三十岁以后，运气已差不多要占三至四成。中国人的境界当然不止于此。洪迈在《容斋随笔》中曾经写过这样的事：韩信攻打赵城。广武君向守城负责人成安君请求用奇兵守住某地，以断绝韩信的粮道。结果成安君不听。韩信攻下赵城之后，向广武君说：好在成安君不听你的话，不然，现在束手就擒的就是韩信我了。运气，运气。哈哈。洪迈随后评论，其实这一切不过是韩信的谦语。以韩信的智谋，即使粮道被人堵塞了，也一定会别出奇遇到事情，与人交流，我们常喜欢说：“给个面子！”然而，其实我们未必有那么大的面子，即使有，也从不是别人给的，而是自己挣的。曾在上海滩纵横近30年的杜月笙有一句至理名言：“人生要吃好三碗面，一是体面，二是场面，三是情面。” 三碗面合成一碗面就是“面子”。中国人特别讲究面子。所以“给我个面子”怕是每个中国人最常听到的一句话了。我们不得不承认，根据很多可靠的经验，很多时候依靠面子确实能做成不少事情。东汉末年，群雄并起，纷争天下。刘备与吕布在徐州割据。袁术先和吕布结成了儿女亲家，然后派大将纪灵来攻打刘备。刘备被纪灵大军围困在小沛，危亡之际，向吕布求救。吕布担心刘备灭亡之后，唇亡齿寒，但是碍于和袁术结亲在前，又不好直接出兵帮刘备解围，遂决定从中调停。吕布先率大军屯于小沛城郊，然后宴请纪灵诸将。他让军士在军营中竖起一根戟，然后和纪灵等人打赌：“刘备本来是我的拜把子兄弟，他今天被你们围困。但是我却不喜欢与人纷争。这样，如果我能够射中戟的小枝桠，你们就撤兵；如果一发不中，那你们消灭刘备我也不管了。” 开弓、搭箭，正好射中戟的小枝。诸将震惊。所谓“人中吕布，马中赤兔”，吕布本来就是勇冠天下的第一勇将，加上现场露了这么一手，还有背后数万大军撑腰，纪灵等人只好罢兵。刘备之危遂解。吕布之所以能把这事儿办成，最重要的就是他有足够大的面子。常说“给个面子”，往往是自视甚高 当一个人对他人说“给个面子”的时候，无异于在说：“我这么重要，你得听我的！” 但是，在很多时候，我们可能没有自以为的那么重要。我国老一辈艺术巨星英若诚先生曾经讲过这样一个故事。他出生在一个大家庭里，小时候吃饭总是很多人一起同桌同食。有一天，他突发奇想，在吃饭的时候把自己藏进了一个柜子里，想看看大家是否因为找不到他而着急。但是直到大家把饭吃完，也没有谁发现桌上少了一个人。他只好自己从柜子里爬出来，但是等待他的只有些剩饭剩菜了。现实就是这样，我们在别人眼中的分量，可能并没有自己以为的那么重。既然并没那么重要，也就不该总是要求别人“给个面子了”。“给个面子”，其实是一种情感绑架 这句话直接或间接听到最多的场合恐怕是在酒桌上。中国人喝酒从来讲究劝酒，而且以多为好。有人端着一杯酒，满脸堆笑来到你面前，自然总能找到诸多让你不得不喝的理由。当然最有杀伤力的还是：“你不给面子？” 言下之意就是：“你不喝，就是不给我面子，不给我面子，就是不认可咱们之间的感情。” 至于你喝了是不舒服，还是进医院，却不是别人考虑的范围。说到底，这是一种情感绑架。当然，有人说这是酒文化。古人在酒桌上有酒，有酒令，有诗词，确实是有文化。但是，现在的酒桌，除了“面子”，除了粗言污语，何来文化？最为重要的是，你连我的健康、生死尚且不顾，里子都没了，又何来面子？面子归根结底是实力，从来都是自己挣的，不是别人给的 回到开篇的故事。后来曹操打败吕布，准备在白门楼下将其处死。吕布央求刘备：“看在我曾经辕门射戟救你的面子上，帮我在曹操面前求求情吧。” 本来曹操出于对人才的爱惜，也有心放吕布一马，就差一个合适理由和台阶了。但是刘备却极力劝说曹操杀掉吕布。最终吕布被绞死在白门楼前。吕布当初有足够的面子解小沛之围，最重要的是他的实力：万夫不当之勇，外加数万精锐。当他沦为阶下囚的时候，所谓的面子已经一文不值，就连曾经的救命之恩也无济于事。同样的道理，英若诚先生如果是在成名之后，在吃饭的把自己藏起来，结果就肯定不一样。有实力，才有面子。而实力，从来都得靠自己挣来，哪里是别人给得了的呢？谋，取得胜利。这就是实力，只不过可能掺杂过一丝运气的成分。宋朝名臣吕蒙正在《命运赋》中如此写道：在自己身为下贱的时候，“上人憎，下人厌”，可是他能说“非吾贱也，乃时也运也命也”；在自己位列三公的时候，“上人宠，下人拥”，他也说“非吾贵也，乃时也运也命也”。如果身处命运低谷，那是运气的作用，自己并不怀忧丧志，也不焦虑急躁，而是继续奋发，等待天道转到自己的身上，走向巅峰；如果生命正处于顺心顺意的阶段，那也要推之于运气，以使自己永葆对命运的敬畏之心，谦虚前行，持盈保泰，贞固已有的成果，乃至再上台阶。这应该是对待运气最好的心态。, 1903), by permission. "It was a lovely vision," said Mr. Papineau, who had just performed the feat of canoeing to the foot of the Chaudiere Falls for the first time. "On our return we climbed the rugged cliff on the south side, and never shall I forget the panorama that spread out before us. The sun, sinking slowly behind the Laurentian hills, had clothed himself with a robe of splendor. The long reflections lay soft on the waters of the river below. The clouds of ascending mist from the Chaudiere took a thousand shades of color as the western sky faded slowly from crimson into gold and from gold to green and gray, and finally displayed dark shapes, out of which imagination might well have formed a thousand monsters.* * Louis Joseph, after下马可治国，但对于天花这样的传染病，一点办法都没有，八旗子弟不知有多少人已经死于此病。玄烨之所以能够存活下来，除了运气好，鬼才知道是怎么回事。一个人的实力很重要，可是如果只有实力没有一点运气加持，少不免会落得个怀才不遇、幽愤满怀的结局。所谓人生赢家，大抵不过集合了“天时地利人和”之便，成就人生的巅峰。我们的先辈一向很相信命运、运气这样的东西，在自己搞不懂现状的时候，往往用运气来解释，求个心安理得。乃至到现在，依然是这样。李嘉诚曾经总结自己的事业生涯：二十岁以前，所有成果都是实打实靠双手打拼回来；二十岁到三十岁，百分之九十靠勤劳，百分之十靠运气；三十岁以后，运气已差不多要占三至四成。中国人的境界当然不止于此。洪迈在《容斋随笔》中曾经写过这样的事：韩信攻打赵城。广武君向守城负责人成安君请求用奇兵守住某地，以断绝韩信的粮道。结果成安君不听。韩信攻下赵城之后，向广武君说：好在成安君不听你的话，不然，现在束手就擒的就是韩信我了。运气，运气。哈哈。洪迈随后评论，其实这一切不过是韩信的谦语。以韩信的智谋，即使粮道被人堵塞了，也一定会别出奇谋，取得胜利。这就是实力，只不过可能掺杂过一丝运气的成分。宋朝名臣吕蒙正在《命运赋》中如此写道：在自己身为下贱的时候，“上人憎，下人厌”，可是他能说“非吾贱也，乃时也运也命也”；在自己位列三公的时候，“上人宠，下人拥”，他也说“非吾贵也，乃时也运也命也”。如果身处命运低谷，那是运气的作用，自己并不怀忧丧志，也不焦虑急躁，而是继续奋发，等待天道转到自己的身上，走向巅峰；如果生命正处于顺心顺意的阶段，那也要推之于运气，以使自己永葆对命运的敬畏之心，谦虚前行，持盈保泰，贞固已有的成果，乃至再上台阶。这应该是对待运气最好的心态。;Riviere des Algoumequins,' as he called it. About two years before he took the trip he sent Nicholas de Vignan, a young Frenchman, up the river with some friendly Indians, and Nicholas had returned with the marvellous story that he had reached the North Sea. He said that the journey could be made in a few days. He also gave an account of having seen the wreck of an English ship. "Champlain was completely taken in, and lost no time in starting off to verify the discovery for which the world had been looking for some time. His fleet consisted of two canoes with two Indians and three Frenchmen, one of whom was De Vignan. It was in May, when the river was at its height. When they reached the Gatineau the Indians told him that their tribe were often compelled to conceal themselves amid the hills of the Upper Gatineau from their dreaded enemies, the Iroquois. When Champlain beheld the twin curtain falls yonder, 'like a slow dropping veil of the thinnest lawn,' he exclaimed, 'Le Rideau! Le Rideau!' The Indians told him that the waters formed an arcade under which they delighted to walk, and where they were only wet by the spray. As they rounded the lofty headland opposite he saw the cloud of mist rising from the falls, which the Indians called the 'Asticou,' which means 'Chaud人生要靠实力，有时候，还需要运气。顺治帝正值盛年，却患上了当时几乎是不治之症的重病——天花。他病得越来越严重，已经可以预见自己的死亡。于是他急着立遗嘱，确立皇位继承者。他准备立自己的堂兄，也就是当时已经长大成人的安亲王岳乐。顺治最信任的西洋大臣汤若望却告诉他不必这样立，因为他的儿子中就有能够胜任的人——爱新觉罗玄烨。后世史官写到这里的时候，都会深情回望某一年，发生过一段美好的往事：康熙帝玄烨六岁的时候，曾经偕同自己的兄弟向父皇问安。顺治看到自己这一系人丁兴旺，非常安慰，循例问了一下他们各人的志向。皇二子福全说：“愿为贤王。”到了主角玄烨，他说：“愿效法父皇。” 父皇即是贤皇，深谙说话之道的玄烨一石二鸟，显得更加高明。“世祖（顺治）异焉。”他果然是汤若望所说的合适人物。以上记载，出自《清史稿·圣祖本纪》。但即使康熙少年时已经英明神武，他继位的原因却极可能只是因为运气够好。汤若望之所以向顺治推荐玄烨当皇帝，原因很简单：因为玄烨生过天花，而且居然没死，以后都没有再得天花的可能。别的不说，至少皇位的稳定性是可以确保的。如果推荐其他人，没准跟顺治一样，没过几年就撒手人寰，这对于帝国的稳定当然不是好事。顺治帝深以为然。满洲贵族上马可杀敌，下马可治国，但对于天花这样的传染病，一点办法都没有，八旗子弟不知有多少人已经死于此病。玄烨之所以能够存活下来，除了运气好，鬼才知道是怎么回事。一个人的实力很重要，可是如果只有实力没有一点运气加持，少不免会落得个怀才不遇、幽愤满怀的结局。所谓人生赢家，大抵不过集合了“天时that he paddled as near as possible to the falls, when the Indians took the canoe遇到事情，与人交流，我们常喜欢说：“给个面子！”然而，其实我们未必有那么大的面子，即使有，也从不是别人给的，而是自己挣的。曾在上海滩纵横近30年的杜月笙有一句至理名言：“人生要吃好三碗面，一是体面，二是场面，三是情面。” 三碗面合成一碗面就是“面子”。中国人特别讲究面子。所以“给我个面子”怕是每个中国人最常听到的一句话了。我们不得不承认，根据很多可靠的经验，很多时候依靠面子确实能做成不少事情。东汉末年，群雄并起，纷争天下。刘备与吕布在徐州割据。袁术先和吕布结成了儿女亲家，然后派大将纪灵来攻打刘备。刘备被纪灵大军围困在小沛，危亡之际，向吕布求救。吕布担心刘备灭亡之后，唇亡齿寒，但是碍于和袁术结亲在前，又不好直接出兵帮刘备解围，遂决定从中调停。吕布先率大军屯于小沛城郊，然后宴请纪灵诸将。他让军士在军营中竖起一根戟，然后和纪灵等人打赌：“刘备本来是我的拜把子兄弟，他今天被你们围困。但是我却不喜欢与人纷争。这样，如果我能够射中戟的小枝桠，你们就撤兵；如果一发不中，那你们消灭刘备我也不管了。” 开弓、搭箭，正好射中戟的小枝。诸将震惊。所谓“人中吕布，马中赤兔”，吕布本来就是勇冠天下的第一勇将，加上现场露了这么一手，还有背后数万大军撑腰，纪灵等人只好罢兵。刘备之危遂解。吕布之所以能把这事儿办成，最重要的就是他有足够大的面子。常说“给个面子”，往往是自视甚高 当一个人对他人说“给个面子”的时候，无异于在说：“我这么重要，你得听我的！” 但是，在很多时候，我们可能没有自以为的那么重要。我国老一辈艺术巨星英若诚先生曾经讲过这样一个故事。他出生在一个大家庭里，小时候吃饭总是很多人一起同桌同食。有一天，他突发奇想，在吃饭的时候把自己藏进了一个柜子里，想看看大家是否因为找不到他而着急。但是直到大家把饭吃完，也没有谁发现桌上少了一个人。他只好自己从柜子里爬出来，但是等待他的只有些剩饭剩菜了。现实就是这样，我们在别人眼中的分量，可能并没有自己以为的那么重。既然并没那么重要，也就不该总是要求别人“给个面子了”。“给个面子”，其实是一种情感绑架 这句话直接或间接听到最多的场合恐怕是在酒桌上。中国人喝酒从来讲究劝酒，而且以多为好。有人端着一杯酒，满脸堆笑来到你面前，自然总能找到诸多让你不得不喝的理由。当然最有杀伤力的还是：“你不给面子？” 言下之意就是：“你不喝，就是不给我面子，不给我面子，就是不认可咱们之间的感情。” 至于你喝了是不舒服，还是进医院，却不是别人考虑的范围。说到底，这是一种情感绑架。当然，有人说这是酒文化。古人在酒桌上有酒，有酒令，有诗词，确实是有文化。但是，现在的酒桌，除了“面子”，除了粗言污语，何来文化？最为重要的是，你连我的健康、生死尚且不顾，里子都没了，又何来面子？面子归根结底是实力，从来都是自己挣的，不是别人给的 回到开篇的故事。后来曹操打败吕布，准备在白门楼下将其处死。吕布央求刘备：“看在我曾经辕门射戟救你的面子上，帮我在曹操面前求求情吧。” 本来曹操出于对人才的爱惜，也有心放吕布一马，就差一个合适理由和台阶了。但是刘备却极力劝说曹操杀掉吕布。最终吕布被绞死在白门楼前。吕布当初有足够的面子解小沛之围，最重要的是他的实力：万夫不当之勇，外加数万精锐。当他沦为阶下囚的时候，所谓的面子已经一文不值，就连曾经的救命之恩也无济于事。同样的道理，英若诚先生如果是在成名之后，在吃饭的把自己藏起来，结果就肯定不一样。有实力，才有面子。而实力，从来都得靠自己挣来，哪里是别人给得了的呢？s and the Frenchmen and himself carried their arms and provisions. He described with great feeling the sharp and rugged rocks of the portages to pass the falls and rapids until at last, in the afternoon, they embarked upon the peaceful waters of a lake where, he said, there were very beautiful islands filled with vines and with walnut and other agreeable trees." "There are no walnuts on the islands of Lake Chaudiere," interrupted Bearie, "I am quite sure." "He probably saw a butternut tree," said young Louis Joseph, "and thought it produced walnuts." "Champlain's journey came to an abrupt close a few days afterwards," said Mr. Papineau, "when he reached Allumette Island, about seventy miles fa人生要靠实力，有时候，还需要运气。顺治帝正值盛年，却患上了当时几乎是不治之症的重病——天花。他病得越来越严重，已经可以预见自己的死亡。于是他急着立遗嘱，确立皇位继承者。他准备立自己的堂兄，也就是当时已经长大成人的安亲王岳乐。顺治最信任的西洋大臣汤若望却告诉他不必这样立，因为他的儿子中就有能够胜任的人——爱新觉罗玄烨。后世史官写到这里的时候，都会深情回望某一年，发生过一段美好的往事：康熙帝玄烨六岁的时候，曾经偕同自己的兄弟向父皇问安。顺治看到自己这一系人丁兴旺，非常安慰，循例问了一下他们各人的志向。皇二子福全说：“愿为贤王。”到了主角玄烨，他说：“愿效法父皇。” 父皇即是贤皇，深谙说话之道的玄烨一石二鸟，显得更加高明。 “世祖（顺治）异焉。”他果然是汤若望所说的合适人物。以上记载，出自《清史稿·圣祖本纪》。但即使康熙少年时已经英明神武，他继位的原因却极可能只是因为运气够好。汤若望之所以向顺治推荐玄烨当皇帝，原因很简单：因为玄烨生过天花，而且居然没死，以后都没有再得天花的可能。别的不说，至少皇位的稳定性是可以确保的。如果推荐其他人，没准跟顺治一样，没过几年就撒手人寰，这对于帝国的稳定当然不是好事。顺治帝深以为然。满洲贵族上马可杀敌，下马可治国，但对于天花这样的传染病，一点办法都没有，八旗子弟不知有多少人已经死于此病。玄烨之所以能够存活下来，除了运气好，鬼才知道是怎么回事。一个人的实力很重要，可是如果只有实力没有一点运气加持，少不免会落得个怀才不遇、幽愤满怀的结局。所谓人生赢家，大抵不过集合了French settlers." It seemed incredible to the visitors that in a settlement of so recent date their host should have been able to show them a grist-mill, a saw-mill, a vegetable alkali factory, a tannery, a small foundry, a tailor shop, a bakery, a general store, and a hemp-mill, giving employment to over one hundred men. Fortunately for the pioneers of the Ottawa, they were not dependent upon the small revenue derived from the cultivation of the land, but had other resources which afforded them much greater remuneration. The British Navy, which hitherto had been dependent upon Russia for its cordage and lumber, had to look elsewhere for its supply of hemp and timber, owing to the ports of the Baltic having been closed to British ships. The price of hemp having risen from ￡25 to ￡118 per ton, they undertook the cultivation of it, and raised over three-fourths of the amount raised in Lower Canada at that time. The exportation of lumber and vegetable alkali, or potash, were also great sources of revenue. In the new clearances were tons of wood ashes from which the lye was extracted and boiled till it looked like molten iron, a barrel of which sold at that time for thirty dollars. Prosperity and success crowned every commercial enterprise upon which they ventured until fire swept every mill, factory and dwelling in the thriving little village out of existence, including thousands of dollars in cash in a small safe in the office, quantities of wheat, hemp, sawn lumber, laths and general merchandise. As there was no compensation in the way of insurance, the loss was much felt. Philemon Wright was not the man to be deterred from climbing the ladder of success, even though he had to mount it by the rungs of adverse circumstances. Though the loss sustained was great, almost overwhelming, he rose above it with a courage which yielded not to disappointment or failure. The cause of the fire long remained a mystery. That it was the work of an incendiary was beyond question. Various theories were advocated by the settlers, but suspicion rested upon Machecawa, who, it was alleged, had been seen by the bookkeeper at a late hour lingering about the mills, a suspicion which gained no credence with the Chief and his family.阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这就是彗 [76] 在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量，需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77] 超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。如果一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球，目前国际天文学界普遍认为此距离在100光年以内，它就能够对地球的生物圈产生明显的影响，这样的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为，在地球历史上的奥陶纪大灭绝，就是一颗近地超新星引起的，这次灭绝导致当时地球近60%的海洋生物消失。[78]
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是相交的，换句话近代科学兴起的先驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因，并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而，人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？由于害怕教会的惩罚，哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候，哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违背圣经的学说，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abb遇到事情，与人交流，我们常喜欢说：“给个面子！”然而，其实我们未必有那么大的面子，即使有，也从不是别人给的，而是自己挣的。曾在上海滩纵横近30年的杜月笙有一句至理名言：“人生要吃好三碗面，一是体面，二是场面，三是情面。” 三碗面合成一碗面就是“面子”。中国人特别讲究面子。所以“给我个面子”怕是每个中国人最常听到的一句话了。我们不得不承认，根据很多可靠的经验，很多时候依靠面子确实能做成不少事情。东汉末年，群雄并起，纷争天下。刘备与吕布在徐州割据。袁术先和吕布结成了儿女亲家，然后派大将纪灵来攻打刘备。刘备被纪灵大军围困在小沛，危亡之际，向吕布求救。吕布担心刘备灭亡之后，唇亡齿寒，但是碍于和袁术结亲在前，又不好直接出兵帮刘备解围，遂决定从中调停。吕布先率大军屯于小沛城郊，然后宴请纪灵诸将。他让军士在军营中竖起一根戟，然后和纪灵等人打赌：“刘备本来是我的拜把子兄弟，他今天被你们围困。但是我却不喜欢与人纷争。这样，如果我能够射中戟的小枝桠，你们就撤兵；如果一发不中，那你们消灭刘备我也不管了。” 开弓、搭箭，正好射中戟的小枝。诸将震惊。所谓“人中吕布，马中赤兔”，吕布本来就是勇冠天下的第一勇将，加上现场露了这么一手，还有背后数万大军撑腰，纪灵等人只好罢兵。刘备之危遂解。吕布之所以能把这事儿办成，最重要的就是他有足够大的面子。常说“给个面子”，往往是自视甚高 当一个人对他人说“给个面子”的时候，无异于在说：“我这么重要，你得听我的！” 但是，在很多时候，我们可能没有自以为的那么重要。我国老一辈艺术巨星英若诚先生曾经讲过这样一个故事。他出生在一个大家庭里，小时候吃饭总是很多人一起同桌同食。有一天，他突发奇想，在吃饭的时候把自己藏进了一个柜子里，想看看大家是否因为找不到他而着急。但是直到大家把饭吃完，也没有谁发现桌上少了一个人。他只好自己从柜子里爬出来，但是等待他的只有些剩饭剩菜了。现实就是这样，我们在别人眼中的分量，可能并没有自己以为的那么重。既然并没那么重要，也就不该总是要求别人“给个面子了”。“给个面子”，其实是一种情感绑架 这句话直接或间接听到最多的场合恐怕是在酒桌上。中国人喝酒从来讲究劝酒，而且以多为好。有人端着一杯酒，满脸堆笑来到你面前，自然总能找到诸多让你不得不喝的理由。当然最有杀伤力的还是：“你不给面子？” 言下之意就是：“你不喝，就是不给我面子，不给我面子，就是不认可咱们之间的感情。” 至于你喝了是不舒服，还是进医院，却不是别人考虑的范围。说到底，这是一种情感绑架。当然，有人说这是酒文化。古人在酒桌上有酒，有酒令，有诗词，确实是有文化。但是，现在的酒桌，除了“面子”，除了粗言污语，何来文化？最为重要的是，你连我的健康、生死尚且不顾，里子都没了，又何来面子？面子归根结底是实力，从来都是自己挣的，不是别人给的 回到开篇的故事。后来曹操打败吕布，准备在白门楼下将其处死。吕布央求刘备：“看在我曾经辕门射戟救你的面子上，帮我在曹操面前求求情吧。” 本来曹操出于对人才的爱惜，也有心放吕布一马，就差一个合适理由和台阶了。但是刘备却极力劝说曹操杀掉吕布。最终吕布被绞死在白门楼前。吕布当初有足够的面子解小沛之围，最重要的是他的实力：万夫不当之勇，外加数万精锐。当他沦为阶下囚的时候，所谓的面子已经一文不值，就连曾经的救命之恩也无济于事。同样的道理，英若诚先生如果是在成名之后，在吃饭的把自己藏起来，结果就肯定不一样。有实力，才有面子。而实力，从来都得靠自己挣来，哪里是别人给得了的呢？ie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it was the Dorris, in command of Captain French, and that Rug was on board. They were soon speeding down Mountain Street in a caleche to the docks, where they secured passage in a small row-boat which was going out to the vessel. The genial captain invited them to take tea with him, and said that Rug was below supervising and arranging with the Customs Officer about the baggage of his numerous protégés, and would be on deck shortly. Hannah burst into a paroxysm of tears when she caught sight of her long-lost lover, who had been compelled to leave only a few weeks after their marriage. He looked twenty years older, and appeared careworn, haggard and ill. As they were seated round the table he gave an account of his travels. "When I received your letter," he said, addressing his father, "I chartered two vessels and persuaded Archie and Jonathan Campbell to go with me for a pleasure trip. We were nearly three months tossing about at the mercy of wind and wave when a hurricane swept the deck of the vessel, carrying with it the main-mast and sails. Water began to pour in at an alarming rate, and after a desperate struggle at the pumps the captain ordered all hands on deck. We felt that we had to prepare for the worst. The sailors had abandoned the pumps from exhaustion, and Jonathan and I took their places and worked until we, too, were exhausted, and as others took our places we retired to the stern, where we found Archie in a sheltered nook, seated upon a coil of rope, playing his violin, apparently oblivious of our perilous condition. "For two days the work at the pumps was a matter of life and death, and when at last the wind subsided we drifted about helplessly until a passing vessel saw our signals of distress and towed us from the Bay of Biscay to Bristol, where the necessary repairs were made to enable us to proceed to Liverpool. We soon disposed of the timber at good profit, and Jonathan, Archie and I took the stage-coach for London, where we had the honor of being presented at Court to gay Prince Geordie, who is acting as Regent, owing to his father's mental derangement. I wish you could have seen the Carleton House," he said, turning to Hannah. "He built it at a cost of ￡250,000 sterling, and had to sell his stud of race-horses and discharge most of his servants to meet the demands of the creditors, for he had led such a wild, dissipated life that the King and Parliament refused for a long time to help him out of his difficulties. "We visited many places of interest in London and the old farm in Kent, which we found bordered on that of General Wolfe. Then we crossed to France, and after having with great difficulty secured passports, drove to Paris. "If we had arrived on the scene only a few months sooner we might have seen how Napoleon turned Louis XVIII. from the kingdom, or we might have seen the great battle of Waterloo; but Napoleon is now safe at St. Helena, where he was sent last October." "The story of Napoleon Bonaparte," said Captain French, "presents probably the most remarkable example in the world of the action of great intellect and resolute will, unrestrained by conscience, and shows both the possible success which may reward, for a time, the most unscrupulous selfishness and also, fortunately, its certain ultimate failure and overthrow." "Notwithstanding which, I have the greatest admiration for Napoleon," said Rug. "The Captain's sentiments are mine," said the Chief. "He was a man of no conscience, no heart, and one of the most uncompromising enemies of constitutional liberty that the world has ever seen. I am amazed that a born republican like you, Rug, could see anything to admire in despotism or tyranny." "Did you see anything of poor Josephine?" asked Abbie. "No," he said. "The Empress Queen Dowager died two years ago, but we saw her beautiful home, 'Malmaison.' "If one may judge from appearances, it will take many years for France to recover from the effects of the Reign of Terror. My object, however, in visiting France and England was that I might see something of their progressive developments in agriculture and commerce, so that we might adopt the newest and best methods in building up our own little colony. I have brought with me," he continued, "the latest novelties in the way of general merchandise; I have brought the newest inventions in agricultural and milling machinery; I have Herefordshire and Devon cattle, of most renowned ancestors, who have not ceased to protest against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was much noise and confusion before all found berths; crying children, swearing sailors, scolding women, who had not been able to secure the beds they wanted, produced a chorus of a very melancholy nature. The disagreeableness of it was heightened by the darkness of the night and the rolling and tossing of the ship. After breakfast, as usual, all began to be sick. I took the advice of the sailors and drank some salt water, which acted as an emetic, and I soon felt better. "Unfortunately, while we were still at anchor, boats came from the shore with friends of the sailors, who smuggled a lot of liquor on board, and before the captain discovered it the whole crew was drunk. We were wakened at an early hour next morning by the violent motion of the ship, for there was a perfect gale blowing from the north-west. The sea was roaring and foaming around us. The passengers were all sick. Things grew worse and worse. Consternation and alarm were in every face. Children were crying, women wringing their hands, and I could see by the angry looks of the men that they would like to have thrown me overboard. The ship had little ballast, and it mounted the waves like a feather. Sometimes a hard sea would break over her with a shock that would make every one stagger. After a sleepless night, in which I received many a bruise and uttered many a groan, the captain informed us that the squall had carried away our mainyard and rigging, and that we were on our way back to Bristol to refit. At one time, when the ship was on her side, several chests, though strongly lashed to the deck, broke from their moorings, and in their progress downwards carried destruction to everything on which they happened to fall. "What a sight the deck presented! Do you remember, Captain? Clothes, spoons, shoes, hats, bottles, dishes, were strewn about in endless confusion. The next day the captain returned with the mainyard dragging behind his boat, but owing to a strong head wind we could not prepare nor rig it till the following day, when all the men on board who could get round it assisted at the work, and we were soon speeding along at the rate of six miles an hour with a fine favorable breeze. "The next day we made one hundred miles in twelve hours. I cannot describe what took place after that, for I was too ill. It was well that I was ill, for the indignation of the men and the fury of the women were almost unbounded as they thought of having consented to leave their comfortable cottages to follow me to what I had represented was a new and better country. "As we neared the banks of Newfoundland a most extraordinary phenomenon was produced by the dashing of the salt water against the bow of the ship in the evening. The water seemed on fire and produced a very fine effect. The next day a mass of ice appeared about two hundred yards distant. It was almost half a mile in length, and was moving south-east. Soon after we found the channel between Cape Breton and Cape Ray, and got into the ice. The captain sent eight men to the bow with fenders. One piece knocked splinters off the bow and threw us all down. About five days later we reached the Island of Anticosti, but I was too ill to see it. We saw porpoises in shoals plunging about the ship, while the sailors tried to harpoon them beneath the bow. About two hundred and eighty miles below Quebec the pilot came on board. His number was painted in large characters on his sail as well as on his boat. He had a cask of fresh water and some maple sugar, which he sold at an extortionate price to the passengers. "Near Bic Island we saw whales spouting water at a great height, and a habitant came out in a boat with a large basket of eggs, which he disposed of at a shilling per dozen, and so we continued on until the domes and towers of Quebec came in sight and I began to realize the inexpressible joy of being at home once more."* * Diary of Rev. Robert Bell and letters of R. Wright. Rug was a young man of great executive ability, a young man whose word could be relied upon with absolute certainty, a young man who proved himself the very soul of honor in all his business transactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是反对神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为自己的生存和发展，掀起了一场反对封建制度和教会迷信思想的斗争，出现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的战斗武器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国家。与此同时，商业的活跃也促进了对外贸易的发展。在“黄金”这个符咒的驱使下，许多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东地区。远洋航行需要丰富的天文和地理知识，从实际中积累起来的观测资料，使人们感到当时流行的“地静天动”的宇宙 CHAPTER IV. AN INDIAN SUITOR. 1803. Machecawa and his friend O'Jawescawa became frequent visitors at the Wigwam. They would come in the morning, uninvited, and sit silently all day long before the open fire and observe all that was going on. The spinning-wheel and hand-loom were objects of unceasing interest to them, and though it proved a great distraction to the children in their studies, and to the girls in the performance of their domestic duties, to have them the遇到事情，与人交流，我们常喜欢说：“给个面子！”然而，其实我们未必有那么大的面子，即使有，也从不是别人给的，而是自己挣的。曾在上海滩纵横近30年的杜月笙有一句至理名言：“人生要吃好三碗面，一是体面，二是场面，三是情面。” 三碗面合成一碗面就是“面子”。中国人特别讲究面子。所以“给我个面子”怕是每个中国人最常听到的一句话了。我们不得不承认，根据很多可靠的经验，很多时候依靠面子确实能做成不少事情。东汉末年，群雄并起，纷争天下。刘备与吕布在徐州割据。袁术先和吕布结成了儿女亲家，然后派大将纪灵来攻打刘备。刘备被纪灵大军围困在小沛，危亡之际，向吕布求救。吕布担心刘备灭亡之后，唇亡齿寒，但是碍于和袁术结亲在前，又不好直接出兵帮刘备解围，遂决定从中调停。吕布先率大军屯于小沛城郊，然后宴请纪灵诸将。他让军士在军营中竖起一根戟，然后和纪灵等人打赌：“刘备本来是我的拜把子兄弟，他今天被你们围困。但是我却不喜欢与人纷争。这样，如果我能够射中戟的小枝桠，你们就撤兵；如果一发不中，那你们消灭刘备我也不管了。” 开弓、搭箭，正好射中戟的小枝。诸将震惊。所谓“人中吕布，马中赤兔”，吕布本来就是勇冠天下的第一勇将，加上现场露了这么一手，还有背后数万大军撑腰，纪灵等人只好罢兵。刘备之危遂解。吕布之所以能把这事儿办成，最重要的就是他有足够大的面子。常说“给个面子”，往往是自视甚高 当一个人对他人说“给个面子”的时候，无异于在说：“我这么重要，你得听我的！” 但是，在很多时候，我们可能没有自以为的那么重要。我国老一辈艺术巨星英若诚先生曾经讲过这样一个故事。他出生在一个大家庭里，小时候吃饭总是很多人一起同桌同食。有一天，他突发奇想，在吃饭的时候把自己藏进了一个柜子里，想看看大家是否因为找不到他而着急。但是直到大家把饭吃完，也没有谁发现桌上少了一个人。他只好自己从柜子里爬出来，但是等待他的只有些剩饭剩菜了。现实就是这样，我们在别人眼中的分量，可能并没有自己以为的那么重。既然并没那么重要，也就不该总是要求别人“给个面子了”。“给个面子”，其实是一种情感绑架 这句话直接或间接听到最多的场合恐怕是在酒桌上。中国人喝酒从来讲究劝酒，而且以多为好。有人端着一杯酒，满脸堆笑来到你面前，自然总能找到诸多让你不得不喝的理由。当然最有杀伤力的还是：“你不给面子？” 言下之意就是：“你不喝，就是不给我面子，不给我面子，就是不认可咱们之间的感情。” 至于你喝了是不舒服，还是进医院，却不是别人考虑的范围。说到底，这是一种情感绑架。当然，有人说这是酒文化。古人在酒桌上有酒，有酒令，有诗词，确实是有文化。但是，现在的酒桌，除了“面子”，除了粗言污语，何来文化？最为重要的是，你连我的健康、生死尚且不顾，里子都没了，又何来面子？面子归根结底是实力，从来都是自己挣的，不是别人给的 回到开篇的故事。后来曹操打败吕布，准备在白门楼下将其处死。吕布央求刘备：“看在我曾经辕门射戟救你的面子上，帮我在曹操面前求求情吧。” 本来曹操出于对人才的爱惜，也有心放吕布一马，就差一个合适理由和台阶了。但是刘备却极力劝说曹操杀掉吕布。最终吕布被绞死在白门楼前。吕布当初有足够的面子解小沛之围，最重要的是他的实力：万夫不当之勇，外加数万精锐。当他沦为阶下囚的时候，所谓的面子已经一文不值，就连曾经的救命之恩也无济于事。同样的道理，英若诚先生如果是在成名之后，在吃饭的把自己藏起来，结果就肯定不一样。有实力，才有面子。而实力，从来都得靠自己挣来，哪里是别人给得了的呢？re, they were always treated not only with respect but with consideration and kindness. One morning Machecawa stood gazing intently into the fire. His face wore an expression of perplexity. At length he turned to the White Chief, who was explaining a mathematical problem to one of his boys, and said: "Big Injun, he want to speak his thoughts from books. He want to know white man's Manitou." "May I teach him, father? Just for an hour every day?" said Chrissy, a tall, fair, thoughtful girl of seventeen, who was known throughout the settlement as the "Saint," for she had been led to take a serious view of life by a Quaker friend in the old school at Woburn. "It would be such a pleasure for me to lead him to a knowledge of the truth." The father readily granted the request, and it was arranged that he should receive instruction from Chrissy every morning while the younger boys were having their lessons. Never had teacher a more apt, humble, or willing pupil. Never had pupil a more considerate, patient, kind-hearted instructor. Over and over again did she repeat words and sentences until at last the Indian found, to his ch had been tatooed with sharp bones and with the juice of berries rubbed in. "But what is in the little bag?" asked Bearie. "Will you let me see it?" After a good deal of reluctance he gave in at last, and two curious boys untied the precious parcel, while the others, equally curious, looked over his shoulders at a few old broken fish bones which were all the little bag contained. "Well, old man," said Bearie, slowly replacing the sacred relics, "we put our faith in something better than that. The white man trusts the Great遇到事情，与人交流，我们常喜欢说：“给个面子！”然而，其实我们未必有那么大的面子，即使有，也从不是别人给的，而是自己挣的。曾在上海滩纵横近30年的杜月笙有一句至理名言：“人生要吃好三碗面，一是体面，二是场面，三是情面。” 三碗面合成一碗面就是“面子”。中国人特别讲究面子。所以“给我个面子”怕是每个中国人最常听到的一句话了。我们不得不承认，根据很多可靠的经验，很多时候依靠面子确实能做成不少事情。东汉末年，群雄并起，纷争天下。刘备与吕布在徐州割据。袁术先和吕布结成了儿女亲家，然后派大将纪灵来攻打刘备。刘备被纪灵大军围困在小沛，危亡之际，向吕布求救。吕布担心刘备灭亡之后，唇亡齿寒，但是碍于和袁术结亲在前，又不好直接出兵帮刘备解围，遂决定从中调停。吕布先率大军屯于小沛城郊，然后宴请纪灵诸将。他让军士在军营中竖起一根戟，然后和纪灵等人打赌：“刘备本来是我的拜把子兄弟，他今天被你们围困。但是我却不喜欢与人纷争。这样，如果我能够射中戟的小枝桠，你们就撤兵；如果一发不中，那你们消灭刘备我也不管了。” 开弓、搭箭，正好射中戟的小枝。诸将震惊。所谓“人中吕布，马中赤兔”，吕布本来就是勇冠天下的第一勇将，加上现场露了这么一手，还有背后数万大军撑腰，纪灵等人只好罢兵。刘备之危遂解。吕布之所以能把这事儿办成，最重要的就是他有足够大的面子。常说“给个面子”，往往是自视甚高 当一个人对他人说“给个面子”的时候，无异于在说：“我这么重要，你得听我的！” 但是，在很多时候，我们可能没有自以为的那么重要。我国老一辈艺术巨星英若诚先生曾经讲过这样一个故事。他出生在一个大家庭里，小时候吃饭总是很多人一起同桌同食。有一天，他突发奇想，在吃饭的时候把自己藏进了一个柜子里，想看看大家是否因为找不到他而着急。但是直到大家把饭吃完，也没有谁发现桌上少了一个人。他只好自己从柜子里爬出来，但是等待他的只有些剩饭剩菜了。现实就是这样，我们在别人眼中的分量，可能并没有自己以为的那么重。既然并没那么重要，也就不该总是要求别人“给个面子了”。“给个面子”，其实是一种情感绑架 这句话直接或间接听到最多的场合恐怕是在酒桌上。中国人喝酒从来讲究劝酒，而且以多为好。有人端着一杯酒，满脸堆笑来到你面前，自然总能找到诸多让你不得不喝的理由。当然最有杀伤力的还是：“你不给面子？” 言下之意就是：“你不喝，就是不给我面子，不给我面子，就是不认可咱们之间的感情。” 至于你喝了是不舒服，还是进医院，却不是别人考虑的范围。说到底，这是一种情感绑架。当然，有人说这是酒文化。古人在酒桌上有酒，有酒令，有诗词，确实是有文化。但是，现在的酒桌，除了“面子”，除了粗言污语，何来文化？最为重要的是，你连我的健康、生死尚且不顾，里子都没了，又何来面子？面子归根结底是实力，从来都是自己挣的，不是别人给的 回到开篇的故事。后来曹操打败吕布，准备在白门楼下将其处死。吕布央求刘备：“看在我曾经辕门射戟救你的面子上，帮我在曹操面前求求情吧。” 本来曹操出于对人才的爱惜，也有心放吕布一马，就差一个合适理由和台阶了。但是刘备却极力劝说曹操杀掉吕布。最终吕布被绞死在白门楼前。吕布当初有足够的面子解小沛之围，最重要的是他的实力：万夫不当之勇，外加数万精锐。当他沦为阶下囚的时候，所谓的面子已经一文不值，就连曾经的救命之恩也无济于事。同样的道理，英若诚先生如果是在成名之后，在吃饭的把自己藏起来，结果就肯定不一样。有实力，才有面子。而实力，从来都得靠自己挣来，哪里是别人给得了的呢？Spirit in heaven to care for him and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.学说值得怀疑，这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密，从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年，意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周，证明地球是圆形的，使人们开始真正认识地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会严密控制下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲，而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果，所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织，发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深受影响。
莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是相交的，换句话近代科学兴起的先驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因，并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而，人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？由于害怕教会的惩罚，哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候，哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违背圣经的学说，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abbie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it w against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was mhim and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.学说值得怀疑，这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密，从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年，意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周，证明地球是圆形的，使人们开始真正认识地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会严密控制下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲，而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果，所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织，发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深受影响。
第一个敏感事件：5月14日美国参议院通过旨在污蔑和干涉中国新疆事务的涉疆法案。
第二个敏感事件：5月15日，美国商务部工业和安全局宣布了一项有针对性的规则修订，旨在利用美国在芯片领域的垄断地位全面切断华为全球供应链，想一举打垮华为。
第三个敏感事件：5月14日，特朗普在接受记者采访时表示，要跟中国断绝整个关系。要求华尔街更加严厉地对待在美上市的中国公司，“尊重”美国议员提出的“追责中国”法案。
第四个敏感事件：最近一段时间多名华人学者被美国逮捕或被判重刑。5月15日，著名华人科学家、中国“千人计划”学者王擎在美国被捕；前几天著名华人物理学家李晓江在美国被判重刑；5月11日，著名华裔科学家洪思忠在美国被捕。
第五个敏感事件：近期美国正在与日本协商，将日本作为部署陆基中程导弹的候选地，这与以前部署在日本的反导导弹不同，陆基中程导弹属于进攻型武器。
以上五个事件分属不同领域，但都属敏感事件，表现出美国开始在几乎所有领域和层面对中国采取进攻战略，干涉中国内政，挑起中美冲突，激化中美矛盾，遏制中国发展。这些事件不仅是敏感事件，而是都具有战争性质。这些事件使我们对当前中美关系严重性有更深刻的理解，对中国的未来产生更多的担忧。