主谓
主语 + 谓语,比如:Spring comes,这句话中主语是spring ,谓语是comes 。
主语就是引领句子的开头部分,是一个句子的主体,英文是subject ,我们用字母S代替。谓语可以理解为动词,英文是verb,我们用字母v代替。
主谓宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语,比如 : I love you,这句话中主语是i ,谓语是love ,宾语就是在谓语后面的词,这里是you。宾语的英文是object,这里用字母o代替。
主谓宾宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。比如 :I give you money。这里的you和money都是give的宾语,give you和give money ,所以都是两个宾语。
主谓宾宾补
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。比如 :It makes me happy。这里的me是make的宾语,但是happy不是make的宾语。happy是me的形容词,是一个宾补,全称为宾语补足语,起到了补充说明的作用。
区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补
主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词,而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词,与谓语没有任何关系。
主系表
这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别
A be 动词 : am is are was were
B 感官动词 (五官)
look 看起来
sound 听起来
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
feel 摸着....感觉......
C 变化动词
become / turn / go / get / grow
这里的表是代表表语,包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式 todo
比如 you are beautiful 这句话中,you 是主语,are 是系动词,beautiful 是表语。
第一个句型 :主谓 Spring comes.
第二个句型 :主谓宾 I love you .
第三个句型 :主谓宾宾 I give you money.
第四个句型 :主谓宾宾补 It makes me happy.
第五个句型 :主系表 You are beautiful.
简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子,通过并列词成了并列句,通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 :
并列句:简单句+并列词+简单句
并列词一般有:and / or / but / so /while / yet / for / however
1):表示并列:and, not only...but also... , neither...nor...
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .
2):表示选择:or, or else, otherwise, either...or...
Hurry or you won't make the train.
3):表示对比、转折: but, while , yet , however , never ,
I like tea while she likes coffee .
4):表示原因:for
I am thirsty , for it is hot .
复合句:简单句+从属连词+简单句
从属连词有:that / wether/ if
复合句其实就是我们常说的三大从句:
名词性从句
当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时,又被称呼为不同的名字。
当作为主语时,称为主语从句。
当称为宾语时,称为宾语从句,同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 :
主语从句 What she said is wrong .
宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.
表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.
记住一点,不管什么从句,你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。
那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语,就是主语从句,作宾语就是宾语从句。
同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。
2、定语从句
修饰限定名词,汉语中“的”前面的内容。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
关系副词引导的定语从句
when where why
3、状语从句
修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式
九大状语从句
1、时间状语从句
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant,
I was fat when I was a child.
2、地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Keep it where you can see it.
3、原因状语从句
常用引导词:because, since, as, for
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .
4、目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
study hard so that you can pass the exam.
5、结果状语从句
常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6、条件状语从句
常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
If you ask him, he will help you.
7、方式状语从句
常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way
Think as i think
8、比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
The house is three times as big as ours.
9、让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Though I believe it, yet I must consider.
强调句
It is (名词 / 介宾)指的是被强调的内容that (........)
It was she whom we are talking about.
2、倒装句
正常句序 :主谓宾
倒装句序 :谓主宾
we can win only through hard work .
only through hard work can we win .
3、虚拟语气,假设不可能发生的事情
1、对过去情况的虚拟
从句用 had done
主句用 would could might should have done
2、对现在情况的虚拟
从句用 did , was变成were
主句用 would could might should do
3、对将来情况虚拟
从句用 did ,was 变成 were,should do,were to do
主句用 would could might should do
陈述句
i like English very much . 我非常喜欢英语。
疑问句
is this your key ? 这是你的钥匙吗?
祈使句
一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
mind you head 小心碰头!
第二种祈使句以let开头
Let's have another try
感叹句
what a brave girl ! 真是个勇敢的女孩子