Java Collections & Collection

在Java里，有Collection和Collections。

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Collection是一个interface (see java docs)。

Set, List, Queue, Dequeue也是interface，它们都是Collection的subinterface。而我们常用的Map并不继承Collection，它是和Collection并列关系interface。

Collection, Set, List, Map关系

The collection interfaces are divided into two groups. The most basic interface, java.util.Collection, has the following descendants:

java.util.Set
java.util.SortedSet
java.util.NavigableSet
java.util.Queue
java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue
java.util.concurrent.TransferQueue
java.util.Deque
java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque

The other collection interfaces are based on java.util.Map and are not true collections. However, these interfaces contain collection-view operations, which enable them to be manipulated as collections. Map has the following offspring:

java.util.SortedMap
java.util.NavigableMap
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap

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而Collections是一个class (see java docs)。

常用的：
Collections.EMPTY_LIST
Collections.EMPTY_SET
Collections.EMPTY_MAP
Collections.singleton(T o) => return Set
Collections.singletonList(T o) => return List
Collections.singletonMap(K key, V value) => return Map
Collections.sort(List list)

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比较：

• Collectons.emptyList() v.s. Collections.EMPTY_LIST
  Collections.EMPTY_LIST returns an old-style List
  Collections.emptyList() uses type-inference and therefore returns List
  Collections.emptyList()是在Java 1.5的时候加进去的，我们一般倾向于用这个。这样我们就不用在code里面cast了。Collections.emptyList()内部就为我们进行cast。

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static final  List emptyList() {
    return (List) EMPTY_LIST;
}

• Collections.emptyList() v.s. ImmutableList.of()
  ImmutableList.of() (with no elements) internally delegates to a singleton, rather than recreating empty list instances.

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Reference
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/collections/overview.html