Spring中依赖注入的继承bean的细节问题

介绍

有时我们会对一种类型的bean进行继承,在Spring生成bean的时候,返回类型有时是子类类型,有时会父类类型。那么到底在什么情况下用哪种类型呢?肯定有不少人会忽略这点,本篇文章就是把这个细节讲清楚

案例

父类Base

public class Base {
    
    public int i;
    
    public Base(){};
    
    public Base(int i){
        this.i = i;
    }
}

子类TestBase继承Base

public class TestBase extends Base{
}

test中依赖了Base类型的对象

public class Test {
    
    @Autowired
    public Base base;
    
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println(base.i);
    }
}

TestConfig配置类

public class TestConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public Base base1(){
        System.out.println("base1");
        return new Base(1);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public TestBase testBase(){
        System.out.println("testBase");
        return new TestBase();
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Test test(){
        return new Test();
    }
}

重点来了,TestConfig中生成了Base类型的对象base1,和TestBase类型的对象testBase,TestBase继承了Base
Test对象依赖注入了Base 类型的对象base

容器启动结果

Description:

Field base in com.example.test.Test required a single bean, but 2 were found:
	- base1: defined by method 'base1' in class path resource [com/example/test/TestConfig.class]
	- testBase: defined by method 'testBase' in class path resource [com/example/test/TestConfig.class]


Action:

Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed

启动错误,提示要注入的base发现了两个bean,这说明虽然注入对象testBase类型是TestBase,但因为继承了Base关系,所以还当对象被依赖Base类型时,testBase对象也算进Base类型中。也就是说testBase的对象生成bean后,在容器中有着TestBaseBase两种类型。

这是极小的细节,这部分源码本人没有看,其实也没必要,记住这个特点就可以了

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