Spring for Apache Kafka概述和简单入门

一、概述

Spring for Apache Kafka 的高级概述以及底层概念和可运行的示例代码。

二、准备工作

注意:进行工作开始之前至少要有一个 Apache Kafka 环境

2.1、依赖

  • 使用 Spring Boot
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>

使用 Spring Boot 时,省略版本,Boot 将自动引入与您的 Boot 版本兼容的正确版本

  • 使用 Spring
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
  <version>2.7.14</version>
</dependency>

使用Spring 时必须要申明使用的版本。

2.2、版本兼容性

  • Apache Kafka 客户端 2.7.0 或 2.8.0

  • Spring 框架 5.3.x 或 Spring Boot 2.7.x

  • 最低 Java 版本:8

在 Spring Boot 应用程序中使用 Apache Kafka 时, Apache Kafka 依赖项版本由 Spring Boot 的依赖项管理确定。
想要使用不同于Spring Boot版本的 Apache Kafka时需要覆盖所有关联的依赖项。
尤其在使用嵌入式 Kafka 代理时特别要注意。

2.3、依赖覆盖

在 Spring Boot 应用程序中使用 Apache Kafka 时, Apache Kafka 依赖项版本由 Spring Boot 的依赖项管理确定。
如果要使用kafka-clients或的不同版本kafka-streams(例如 2.x), 则需要覆盖所有关联的依赖项。
尤其是在 spring-kafka-test 中使用嵌入式 Kafka 代理时。

并非所有的 Spring Boot都会向下兼容

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
    <version>2.7.14</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-kafka-test</artifactId>
    <version>2.7.14</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
    <version>{kafka-version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- 可选  仅在使用 kafka 流时需要 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-streams</artifactId>
    <version>{kafka-version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
    <version>{kafka-version}</version>
    <classifier>test</classifier>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.13</artifactId>
    <version>{kafka-version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_2.13</artifactId>
    <version>{kafka-version}</version>
    <classifier>test</classifier>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

三、Spring Boot消费者

3.1、应用程序

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public NewTopic topic() {
        return TopicBuilder.name("topic1")
                .partitions(10)
                .replicas(1)
                .build();
    }

    @KafkaListener(id = "myId", topics = "topic1")
    public void listen(String in) {
        System.out.println(in);
    }

}

3.2、配置项

spring.kafka.consumer.auto-offset-reset=earliest //从提交的offset开始消费;无提交的offset时,从头开始消费

四、Srping Boot生产者

4.1、应用程序

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public NewTopic topic() {
        return TopicBuilder.name("topic1")
                .partitions(10)
                .replicas(1)
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner runner(KafkaTemplate<String, String> template) {
        return args -> {
            template.send("topic1", "test");
        };
    }

}

五、不使用 Spring Boot

在不使用 Spring Boot 时必须定义几个基础的Bean。

@Configuration
@EnableKafka
public class Config {

    @Bean
    ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<Integer, String>
                        kafkaListenerContainerFactory(ConsumerFactory<Integer, String> consumerFactory) {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<Integer, String> factory =
                                new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
        factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory);
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory<Integer, String> consumerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(consumerProps());
    }

    private Map<String, Object> consumerProps() {
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "group");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, IntegerDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
        // ...
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public Sender sender(KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> template) {
        return new Sender(template);
    }

    @Bean
    public Listener listener() {
        return new Listener();
    }

    @Bean
    public ProducerFactory<Integer, String> producerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(senderProps());
    }

    private Map<String, Object> senderProps() {
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ProducerConfig.LINGER_MS_CONFIG, 10);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, IntegerSerializer.class);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        //...
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> kafkaTemplate(ProducerFactory<Integer, String> producerFactory) {
        return new KafkaTemplate<Integer, String>(producerFactory);
    }

}

在 Spring 上下文之外创建侦听器容器,则必须满足容器实现的所有接口,否则有些功能会出现异常工作。

不包括 Spring Boot的完整示例如下:

public class Sender {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);
		context.getBean(Sender.class).send("test", 42);
	}

	private final KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> template;

	public Sender(KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> template) {
		this.template = template;
	}

	public void send(String toSend, int key) {
		this.template.send("topic1", key, toSend);
	}

}

public class Listener {

    @KafkaListener(id = "listen1", topics = "topic1")
    public void listen1(String in) {
        System.out.println(in);
    }

}

@Configuration
@EnableKafka
public class Config {

    @Bean
    ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<Integer, String>
                        kafkaListenerContainerFactory(ConsumerFactory<Integer, String> consumerFactory) {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<Integer, String> factory =
                                new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
        factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory);
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory<Integer, String> consumerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(consumerProps());
    }

    private Map<String, Object> consumerProps() {
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "group");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, IntegerDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
        // ...
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public Sender sender(KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> template) {
        return new Sender(template);
    }

    @Bean
    public Listener listener() {
        return new Listener();
    }

    @Bean
    public ProducerFactory<Integer, String> producerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(senderProps());
    }

    private Map<String, Object> senderProps() {
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ProducerConfig.LINGER_MS_CONFIG, 10);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, IntegerSerializer.class);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        //...
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> kafkaTemplate(ProducerFactory<Integer, String> producerFactory) {
        return new KafkaTemplate<Integer, String>(producerFactory);
    }

}

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