oracle用户管理的完全恢复1：在NOARCHIVELOG 模式下执行恢复

在NOARCHIVELOG 模式下，必须还原以下数据库文件：
　　a.所有数据文件（一个损坏，也要恢复所有文件，保持状态一致性）
　　b.控制文件
也可以还原以下文件：
　　a.重做日志文件
　　b.口令文件
　　c.参数文件

场景描述：非归档模式，将备份数据还原至其他磁盘（本实验以目录代替）

1.查看环境：

 1 -bash-3.00$ sqlplus /nolog

 2 

 3 SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Jan 21 16:26:40 2013

 4 

 5 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

 6 

 7 SQL> conn /as sysdba

 8 SQL>

 9 SQL> archive log list;         

10 Database log mode              Archive Mode

11 Automatic archival             Enabled

12 Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

13 Oldest online log sequence     1

14 Next log sequence to archive   2

15 Current log sequence 

16 SQL> 

2.将归档模式转换成非归档

 1 SQL> shutdown immediate

 2 Database closed.

 3 Database dismounted.

 4 ORACLE instance shut down.

 5 SQL> startup mount

 6 ORACLE instance started.

 7 

 8 Total System Global Area  289406976 bytes

 9 Fixed Size                  1279820 bytes

10 Variable Size              92276916 bytes

11 Database Buffers          192937984 bytes

12 Redo Buffers                2912256 bytes

13 Database mounted.

14 SQL> alter database noarchivelog ;

15 

16 Database altered.

17 

18 SQL> archive log list;

19 Database log mode              No Archive Mode

20 Automatic archival             Disabled

21 Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

22 Oldest online log sequence     1

23 Current log sequence           2

24 SQL> alter database open;

25 

26 Database altered.

27 

28 SQL>

3.非归档模式全备份（冷备）

 1 SQL> shutdown immediate

 2 Database closed.

 3 Database dismounted.

 4 ORACLE instance shut down.

 5 SQL> ！

 6 bash-3.00$ pwd

 7 /u01/backup

 8 #备份数据文件，控制文件，日志文件

 9 bash-3.00$ cp /u01/oradata/sun/*.  .

10 

11 bash-3.00$

12 #备份参数文件，口令文件

13 bash-3.00$ cp /u01/oracle/dbs/spfilesun.ora .

14 bash-3.00$ cp /u01/oracle/dbs/orapwsun .

4.创建磁盘（以目录代替）

1 bash-3.00$ pwd

2 /u01/oradata

3 bash-3.00$ ls

4 sun

5 bash-3.00$ mkdir sunbak

6 bash-3.00$ 

5.模拟磁盘毁坏

1 bash-3.00$ pwd

2 /u01/oradata/sun

3 bash-3.00$ ls

4 control01.ctl  control03.ctl  redo01.log     redo03.log     system01.dbf   undotbs01.dbf

5 control02.ctl  example01.dbf  redo02.log     sysaux01.dbf   temp01.dbf     users01.dbf

6 bash-3.00$ rm -f *.dbf

7 bash-3.00$ rm -f *.ctl

8 bash-3.00$ rm -f *.log

9 bash-3.00$

6.开始恢复
6.1 将备份文件考到新磁盘(sunbak目录下)

 1 bash-3.00$ pwd

 2 /u01/backup

 3 bash-3.00$

 4 bash-3.00$ ls

 5 control01.ctl  control03.ctl  orapwsun       redo02.log     spfilesun.ora  system01.dbf   undotbs01.dbf

 6 control02.ctl  example01.dbf  redo01.log     redo03.log     sysaux01.dbf   temp01.dbf     users01.dbf

 7 bash-3.00$ cp * /u01/oradata/sunbak

 8 bash-3.00$

 9 #文件spfilesun.ora与orapwsun没被损坏，可删掉 10 bash-3.00$rm -f /u01/oradata/sunbak/spfilesun.ora

11 bash-3.00$rm -f /u01/oradata/sunbak/orapwsun

12 bash-3.00$

6.2 因文件目录环境改变，必须修改参数文件
6.2.1 查看参数文件

 1 bash-3.00$ pwd

 2 /u01/oracle/dbs

 3 bash-3.00$ strings spfilesun.ora |more

 4 sun.__db_cache_size=192937984

 5 sun.__java_pool_size=4194304

 6 sun.__large_pool_size=4194304

 7 sun.__shared_pool_size=83886080

 8 sun.__streams_pool_size=0

 9 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/sun/adump'

10 *.background_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/bdump'

11 *.compatible='10.2.0.2.0'

12 #参数文件 13 *.control_files='/u01/oradata/sun/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/sun/control02.ctl','/u01/oradata/sun/control03.ctl'

14 *.core_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/cdump'

15 *.db_block_size=8192

16 *.db_domain=''

17 *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

18 *.db_name='sun'

19 *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/flash_recovery_area'

20 *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

21 *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=sunXDB)'

22 *.job_queue_processes=10

23 *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

24 *.open_cursors=300

25 *.pga_aggregate_target=96468992

26 *.processes=150

27 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

28 *.sga_target=289406976

29 *.undo_management='AUTO'

30 *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

31 *.user_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/udump'

32 bash-3.00$ 

6.2.2 修改参数文件

 1 bash-3.00$ sqlplus /nolog

 2 

 3 SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Jan 21 17:44:54 2013

 4 

 5 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

 6 

 7 SQL> conn /as sysdba

 8 Connected to an idle instance.

 9 #创建pfile文件，文件名为initsun.ora 10 SQL> create pfile from spfile;

11 

12 File created.

13 

14 SQL> ！

15 #开始修改控制文件目录 16 bash-3.00$ vi initsun.ora

17 "initsun.ora" 27 lines, 926 characters 

18 sun.__db_cache_size=192937984

19 sun.__java_pool_size=4194304

20 sun.__large_pool_size=4194304

21 sun.__shared_pool_size=83886080

22 sun.__streams_pool_size=0

23 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/sun/adump'

24 *.background_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/bdump'

25 *.compatible='10.2.0.2.0'

26 #修改处 27 #*.control_files='/u01/oradata/sun/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/sun/control02.ctl','/u01/oradata/sun/control03.ctl'

28 *.control_files='/u01/oradata/sunbak/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/sunbak/control02.ctl','/u01/oradata/sunbak/control03.ctl'

29 *.core_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/cdump'

30 *.db_block_size=8192

31 *.db_domain=''

32 *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

33 *.db_name='sun'

34 *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/flash_recovery_area'

35 *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

36 *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=sunXDB)'

37 *.job_queue_processes=10

38 *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

39 *.open_cursors=300

40 *.pga_aggregate_target=96468992

41 *.processes=150

42 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

43 *.sga_target=289406976

44 *.undo_management='AUTO'

45 *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

46 *.user_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/udump'

47 

48 bash-3.00$ 

6.2.3 通过pfile文件创建新的spfile文件

 1 SQL> create spfile from pfile;

 2 

 3 File created.

 4 

 5 SQL> ！

 6 #查看修改后的spfile文件  7 bash-3.00$ strings spfilesun.ora|more

 8 sun.__db_cache_size=192937984

 9 sun.__java_pool_size=4194304

10 sun.__large_pool_size=4194304

11 sun.__shared_pool_size=83886080

12 sun.__streams_pool_size=0

13 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/sun/adump'

14 *.background_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/bdump'

15 *.compatible='10.2.0.2.0'

16 *.control_files='/u01/oradata/sunbak/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/sunbak/control02.ctl','/u01/oradata/sunbak/control03.ctl'

17 *.core_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/cdump'

18 *.db_block_size=8192

19 *.db_domain=''

20 *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

21 *.db_name='sun'

22 *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/flash_recovery_area'

23 *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

24 *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=sunXDB)'

25 *.job_queue_processes=10

26 *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

27 *.open_cursors=300

28 *.pga_aggregate_target=96468992

29 *.processes=150

30 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

31 *.sga_target=289406976

32 *.undo_management='AUTO'

33 *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

34 *.user_dump_dest='/u01/admin/sun/udump'

35 bash-3.00$ 

6.3 修改控制文件
6.3.1 查看控制文件

 1 bash-3.00$ cd /u01/oradata/sunbak

 2 bash-3.00$ strings control01.ctl | more

 3 }|{z

 4 rSUN

 5 /SUN

 6 oki#

 7 /SUN

 8 oki#

 9 yki#

10 yki#

11 #参数文件中的目录休要修改 12 /u01/oradata/sun/redo03.log

13 /u01/oradata/sun/redo02.log

14 /u01/oradata/sun/redo01.log

15 /u01/oradata/sun/users01.dbf

16 /u01/oradata/sun/sysaux01.dbf

17 /u01/oradata/sun/undotbs01.dbf

18 /u01/oradata/sun/system01.dbf

19 /u01/oradata/sun/temp01.dbf

20 /u01/oradata/sun/example01.dbf

21 /u01/oradata/sun/redo03.log

22 /u01/oradata/sun/redo02.log

23 /u01/oradata/sun/redo01.log

24 /u01/oradata/sun/users01.dbf

25 /u01/oradata/sun/sysaux01.dbf

26 /u01/oradata/sun/undotbs01.dbf

27 /u01/oradata/sun/system01.dbf

28 /u01/oradata/sun/temp01.dbf

29 /u01/oradata/sun/example01.dbf

30 SYSTEM

31 UNDOTBS1

32 SYSAUX

33 USERS

34 TEMP

35 PQf/

36 UNNAMED_INSTANCE_2

37 --More--

6.3.2 修改控制文件
6.3.2.1 此时只能将数据库开启到mount状态。在mount状态只读spfile文件，并未读控制文件

 1 bash-3.00$ sqlplus /nolog

 2 

 3 SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Jan 21 18:05:56 2013

 4 

 5 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

 6 

 7 SQL> conn /as sysdba

 8 Connected to an idle instance.

 9 SQL> startup mount

10 ORACLE instance started.

11 

12 Total System Global Area  289406976 bytes

13 Fixed Size                  1279820 bytes

14 Variable Size              92276916 bytes

15 Database Buffers          192937984 bytes

16 Redo Buffers                2912256 bytes

17 Database mounted.

18 SQL> 

6.3.2.2 修改数据文件，临时文件，日志文件目录（此处最好用脚本完成更改）

 1 #数据文件   2 SQL> desc v$datafile

  3  Name                                      Null?    Type

  4  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

  5  FILE#                                              NUMBER

  6  CREATION_CHANGE#                                   NUMBER

  7  CREATION_TIME                                      DATE

  8  TS#                                                NUMBER

  9  RFILE#                                             NUMBER

 10  STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)

 11  ENABLED                                            VARCHAR2(10)

 12  CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER

 13  CHECKPOINT_TIME                                    DATE

 14  UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE#                              NUMBER

 15  UNRECOVERABLE_TIME                                 DATE

 16  LAST_CHANGE#                                       NUMBER

 17  LAST_TIME                                          DATE

 18  OFFLINE_CHANGE#                                    NUMBER

 19  ONLINE_CHANGE#                                     NUMBER

 20  ONLINE_TIME                                        DATE

 21  BYTES                                              NUMBER

 22  BLOCKS                                             NUMBER

 23  CREATE_BYTES                                       NUMBER

 24  BLOCK_SIZE                                         NUMBER

 25  NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)

 26  PLUGGED_IN                                         NUMBER

 27  BLOCK1_OFFSET                                      NUMBER

 28  AUX_NAME                                           VARCHAR2(513)

 29  FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN                                NUMBER

 30  FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME                               DATE

 31 

 32 SQL> col name format a40

 33 SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

 34 

 35      FILE# NAME

 36 ---------- ----------------------------------------

 37          1 /u01/oradata/sun/system01.dbf

 38          2 /u01/oradata/sun/undotbs01.dbf

 39          3 /u01/oradata/sun/sysaux01.dbf

 40          4 /u01/oradata/sun/users01.dbf

 41          5 /u01/oradata/sun/example01.dbf

 42          

 43 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/system01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/system01.dbf';

 44 

 45 Database altered.

 46 

 47 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/system01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/system01.dbf';

 48 

 49 Database altered.

 50 

 51 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/undotbs01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/undotbs01.dbf';

 52 

 53 Database altered.

 54 

 55 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/sysaux01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/sysaux01.dbf';

 56 

 57 Database altered.

 58 

 59 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/users01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/users01.dbf';

 60 

 61 Database altered.

 62 

 63 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/example01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/example01.dbf';

 64 

 65 Database altered.

 66 

 67 SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

 68 

 69      FILE# NAME

 70 ---------- ----------------------------------------

 71          1 /u01/oradata/sunbak/system01.dbf

 72          2 /u01/oradata/sunbak/undotbs01.dbf

 73          3 /u01/oradata/sunbak/sysaux01.dbf

 74          4 /u01/oradata/sunbak/users01.dbf

 75          5 /u01/oradata/sunbak/example01.dbf

 76 

 77 SQL>

 78 

 79 #临时文件  80 SQL> desc v$tempfile 

 81  Name                                      Null?    Type

 82  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 83  FILE#                                              NUMBER

 84  CREATION_CHANGE#                                   NUMBER

 85  CREATION_TIME                                      DATE

 86  TS#                                                NUMBER

 87  RFILE#                                             NUMBER

 88  STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)

 89  ENABLED                                            VARCHAR2(10)

 90  BYTES                                              NUMBER

 91  BLOCKS                                             NUMBER

 92  CREATE_BYTES                                       NUMBER

 93  BLOCK_SIZE                                         NUMBER

 94  NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)

 95 

 96 SQL> select file#,name from v$tempfile;

 97 

 98      FILE# NAME

 99 ---------- ----------------------------------------

100          1 /u01/oradata/sun/temp01.dbf

101 

102 

103 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/temp01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/temp01.dbf';

104 

105 Database altered.

106 

107 SQL> select file#,name from v$tempfile;

108 

109      FILE# NAME

110 ---------- ----------------------------------------

111          1 /u01/oradata/sunbak/temp01.dbf

112 

113 SQL> 

114 

115 #日志文件 116 SQL> desc v$logfile

117  Name                                      Null?    Type

118  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

119  GROUP#                                             NUMBER

120  STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)

121  TYPE                                               VARCHAR2(7)

122  MEMBER                                             VARCHAR2(513)

123  IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE                              VARCHAR2(3)

124 

125 SQL> col member format a40

126 SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

127 

128     GROUP# MEMBER

129 ---------- ----------------------------------------

130          3 /u01/oradata/sun/redo03.log

131          2 /u01/oradata/sun/redo02.log

132          1 /u01/oradata/sun/redo01.log

133 

134 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/redo03.log' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/redo03.log';

135 

136 Database altered.

137 

138 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/redo02.log' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/redo02.log';

139 

140 Database altered.

141 

142 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sun/redo01.log' to '/u01/oradata/sunbak/redo01.log';

143 

144 Database altered.

145 

146 SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

147 

148     GROUP# MEMBER

149 ---------- ----------------------------------------

150          3 /u01/oradata/sunbak/redo03.log

151          2 /u01/oradata/sunbak/redo02.log

152          1 /u01/oradata/sunbak/redo01.log

153 

154 SQL>  

155 

156 #整体查看 157 SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

158 

159      FILE# NAME

160 ---------- ----------------------------------------

161          1 /u01/oradata/sunbak/system01.dbf

162          2 /u01/oradata/sunbak/undotbs01.dbf

163          3 /u01/oradata/sunbak/sysaux01.dbf

164          4 /u01/oradata/sunbak/users01.dbf

165          5 /u01/oradata/sunbak/example01.dbf

166 SQL> select file#,name from v$tempfile;

167 

168      FILE# NAME

169 ---------- ----------------------------------------

170          1 /u01/oradata/sunbak/temp01.dbf

171 

172 SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

173 

174     GROUP# MEMBER

175 ---------- ----------------------------------------

176          3 /u01/oradata/sunbak/redo03.log

177          2 /u01/oradata/sunbak/redo02.log

178          1 /u01/oradata/sunbak/redo01.log

179 

180 SQL> 

7.开启数据库

1 SQL> alter database open;

2 

3 Database altered.

4 

5 SQL> 

8.验证

 1 SQL> select * from hr.departments;

 2 

 3 DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME                MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID

 4 ------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------

 5            10 Administration                        200        1700

 6            20 Marketing                             201        1800

 7            30 Purchasing                            114        1700

 8            40 Human Resources                       203        2400

 9            50 Shipping                              121        1500

10            60 IT                                    103        1400

11            70 Public Relations                      204        2700

12            80 Sales                                 145        2500

13            90 Executive                             100        1700

14           100 Finance                               108        1700

15           110 Accounting                            205        1700

16           

17 SQL>