oracle用户管理的完全恢复4：在ARCHIVELOG 模式（恢复打开的数据库--数据库最初是关闭的）

场景描述：恢复打开的数据库（数据库最初是关闭的）

此恢复方法一般在以下情况下使用：

　　a.介质或硬件故障导致系统关闭。

　　b.数据库全天候（每周7 天、每天24 小时）运行。必须最大限度地减少数据库的停机时间。

　　c.损坏的文件不属于系统表空间或还原段表空间

1.模拟生产环境
1.1 插入数据

1 SQL> insert into t values(5,'oracle');

2 

3 1 row created.

4 

5 SQL> commit;

6 

7 Commit complete.

8 

9 SQL> 

1.2 将数据写入数据文件sun01_1.dbf

1 SQL> alter system checkpoint local;--是否实现将日志文件内容写入数据文件有待检验

2 

3 System altered.

4 

5 SQL>

1.3 关闭数据库

1 SQL> shutdown immediate

2 Database closed.

3 Database dismounted.

4 ORACLE instance shut down.

5 SQL> 

1.4 损坏sun01_1.dbf文件

 1 bash-3.00$ cd /u01/oradata/sunbak

 2 bash-3.00$ ls -l

 3 total 2162512

 4 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 7061504 Jan 23 01:08 control01.ctl

 5 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 7061504 Jan 23 01:08 control02.ctl

 6 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 7061504 Jan 23 01:08 control03.ctl

 7 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 104865792 Jan 23 01:08 example01.dbf

 8 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 52429312 Jan 23 01:06 redo01.log

 9 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 52429312 Jan 23 01:06 redo02.log

10 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 52429312 Jan 23 01:08 redo03.log

11 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 10493952 Jan 23 01:08 sun01_1.dbf

12 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 251666432 Jan 23 01:08 sysaux01.dbf

13 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 503324672 Jan 23 01:08 system01.dbf

14 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 20979712 Jan 22 23:24 temp01.dbf

15 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 31465472 Jan 23 01:08 undotbs01.dbf

16 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 5251072 Jan 23 01:08 users01.dbf

17 bash-3.00$ rm -f sun01_1.dbf 

18 bash-3.00$ 

1.5 将数据库打开（实际只能打开到mount）

 1 SQL> startup

 2 ORACLE instance started.

 3 

 4 Total System Global Area  289406976 bytes

 5 Fixed Size                  1279820 bytes

 6 Variable Size              92276916 bytes

 7 Database Buffers          192937984 bytes

 8 Redo Buffers                2912256 bytes

 9 Database mounted.

10 ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

11 ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/oradata/sunbak/sun01_1.dbf'

12 

13 

14 SQL>

15 #查看休要恢复文件

16 SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

17 

18      FILE# ONLINE  ONLINE_ ERROR                   CHANGE# TIME

19 ---------- ------- ------- -------------------- ---------- ---------

20          6 ONLINE  ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND                0

21 

22 SQL> 

1.6 将需恢复文件下线

1 SQL> alter database datafile 6 offline;

2 

3 Database altered.

4 

5 SQL> 

1.7 打开数据库

1 SQL> alter database open;

2 

3 Database altered.

4 

5 SQL> 

2.开始恢复（利用冷备文件 热备文件皆可）

2.1把上次备份的sun01_1.dbf文件拷过来

 1 bash-3.00$ cd /u01/oradata/sunbak

 2 bash-3.00$ ls -l /u01/backup/hot

 3 total 20512

 4 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 10493952 Jan 22 22:00 sun01_1.dbf

 5 bash-3.00$ cp /u01/backup/hot/sun01_1.dbf .

 6 bash-3.00$ 

 7 

 8 #此时可把文件恢复到新的目录

 9 bash-3.00$ ls -l /u01/backup/hot

10 total 20512

11 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 10493952 Jan 22 22:00 sun01_1.dbf

12 bash-3.00$ cp /u01/backup/hot/sun01_1.dbf /u01/oradata/sun

13 bash-3.00$

14 #通过控制文件中文件的位置

15 SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/sunbak/sun01_1.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/sun/sun01_1.dbf'

2.2 恢复文件

 1 SQL> recover datafile 6;

 2 ORA-00279: change 574756 generated at 01/22/2013 21:58:34 needed for thread 1

 3 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/admin/sun/arch/1_2_805319563.dbf

 4 ORA-00280: change 574756 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

 5 

 6 

 7 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

 8 

 9 ORA-00279: change 581083 generated at 01/22/2013 22:04:42 needed for thread 1

10 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/admin/sun/arch/1_3_805319563.dbf

11 ORA-00280: change 581083 for thread 1 is in sequence #3

12 ORA-00278: log file '/u01/admin/sun/arch/1_2_805319563.dbf' no longer needed

13 for this recovery

14 

15 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

16 

17 Log applied.

18 Media recovery complete.

19 SQL> 

2.3将离线文件拉起

1 SQL> alter database datafile 6 online;

2 

3 Database altered.

4 

5 SQL> 

3.查看恢复结果

SQL> select * from user1.t;



        ID NAME

---------- ------------------------------

         1 oracle

         2 oracle

         0 oracle

         3 oracle

         4 oracle

         5 oracle



6 rows selected.



SQL>