oracle用户管理的完全恢复4：在ARCHIVELOG 模式(恢复打开的数据库)

场景描述：恢复打开的数据库

此恢复方法一般在以下情况下使用：

　　a.未导致数据库关闭的文件损坏、文件意外丢失或介质故障。

　　b.数据库全天候（每周7 天、每天24 小时）运行。必须最大限度地减少数据库的停机时间。

　　c.受到影响的文件不属于系统表空间或还原/回退段表空间。

1.查看环境
#此时数据库实在打开的情况下

1 SQL> archive log list;

2 Database log mode              Archive Mode

3 Automatic archival             Enabled

4 Archive destination            /u01/admin/sun/arch

5 Oldest online log sequence     5

6 Next log sequence to archive   7

7 Current log sequence           7

8 SQL>

2.模拟生产环境
2.1 插入数据

 1 SQL> conn user1/user1

 2 Connected.

 3 SQL> insert into t values(3,'oracle');

 4 

 5 1 row created.

 6 

 7 SQL> commit;

 8 

 9 Commit complete.

10 

11 SQL> select * from t;

12 

13         ID NAME

14 ---------- ----------------

15          1 oracle

16          2 oracle

17          0 oracle

18          3 oracle

19 

20 SQL> 

21 

22 #手动切换日志 产生归档日志

23 SQL> alter system switch logfile;

24 

25 System altered.

26 

27 SQL> /

28 

29 System altered.

30 

31 SQL> /

32 

33 System altered.

34 

35 SQL> 

#sun01_1.dbf文件在上一节已经进行热备
2.2 损坏表空间sun01的数据文件sun01_1.dbf

 1 bash-3.00$ ls -l

 2 total 2162512

 3 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 7061504 Jan 23 00:01 control01.ctl

 4 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 7061504 Jan 23 00:01 control02.ctl

 5 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 7061504 Jan 23 00:01 control03.ctl

 6 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 104865792 Jan 22 23:54 example01.dbf

 7 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 52429312 Jan 22 23:54 redo01.log

 8 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 52429312 Jan 23 00:00 redo02.log

 9 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 52429312 Jan 22 23:54 redo03.log

10 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 10493952 Jan 22 23:54 sun01_1.dbf

11 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 251666432 Jan 23 00:00 sysaux01.dbf

12 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 503324672 Jan 23 00:00 system01.dbf

13 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 20979712 Jan 22 23:24 temp01.dbf

14 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 31465472 Jan 23 00:00 undotbs01.dbf

15 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 5251072 Jan 22 23:54 users01.dbf

16 bash-3.00$ rm -f sun01_1.dbf           

17 bash-3.00$ 

3.恢复场景：数据库在open的情况下做完全恢复情况

3.1 查看需要恢复信息

1 #此时oracle并未发现有数据文件被损坏

2 SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

3 

4 no rows selected

5 

6 SQL> 

3.2 继续向t表插入数据，仍然可以插入（此时数据在redo中）

1 SQL> insert into t values ( 4,'oracle');

2 

3 1 row created.

4 

5 SQL> commit;

6 

7 Commit complete.

8 

9 SQL> 

3.3 手动执行CKPT,使redo中的数据插入数据文件

 1 SQL> alter system checkpoint local;--检查点分为三类：local,global,文件检查点

 2 

 3 System altered.

 4 

 5 SQL> 

 6 

 7 #查看alter日志发现报错信息

 8 Wed Jan 23 00:16:33 2013

 9 Errors in file /u01/admin/sun/udump/sun_ora_1227.trc:

10 ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/oradata/sunbak/sun01_1.dbf'

11 ORA-01116: error in opening database file 6

12 ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/oradata/sunbak/sun01_1.dbf'

13 ORA-27041: unable to open file

14 Intel SVR4 UNIX Error: 2: No such file or directory

15 Additional information: 3

16 Wed Jan 23 00:16:33 2013

17 Errors in file /u01/admin/sun/udump/sun_ora_1227.trc:

18 ORA-01171: datafile 6 going offline due to error advancing checkpoint

19 ORA-01116: error in opening database file 6

20 ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/oradata/sunbak/sun01_1.dbf'

21 ORA-27041: unable to open file

22 Intel SVR4 UNIX Error: 2: No such file or directory

23 Additional information: 3

3.4查看需要恢复信息

1 SQL> select file#,ONLINE_STATUS,ERROR from v$recover_file;

2 

3      FILE# ONLINE_ ERROR

4 ---------- ------- --------------------

5          6 OFFLINE FILE NOT FOUND

6 

7 SQL> 

3.5 把被损坏文件离线

1 SQL> alter database datafile 6 offline;

2 

3 Database altered.

4 

5 SQL> 

3.6 把上次备份的sun01_1.dbf文件拷过来

1 bash-3.00$ ls -l /u01/backup/hot

2 total 20512

3 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall 10493952 Jan 22 22:00 sun01_1.dbf

4 bash-3.00$ cp /u01/backup/hot/sun01_1.dbf .

5 bash-3.00$ 

3.7 恢复

SQL> recover datafile 6;

ORA-00279: change 574756 generated at 01/22/2013 21:58:34 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/admin/sun/arch/1_2_805319563.dbf

ORA-00280: change 574756 for thread 1 is in sequence #2



Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}



ORA-00279: change 604184 generated at 01/22/2013 23:54:27 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/admin/sun/arch/1_8_805319563.dbf

ORA-00280: change 604184 for thread 1 is in sequence #8

ORA-00278: log file '/u01/admin/sun/arch/1_7_805319563.dbf' no longer needed

for this recovery





Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}



Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

SQL> 



#恢复完成

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;



no rows selected



SQL> 

3.8 将offline文件online

 1 SQL> desc v$datafile;

 2  Name                                      Null?    Type

 3  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 4  FILE#                                              NUMBER

 5  CREATION_CHANGE#                                   NUMBER

 6  CREATION_TIME                                      DATE

 7  TS#                                                NUMBER

 8  RFILE#                                             NUMBER

 9  STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)

10  ENABLED                                            VARCHAR2(10)

11  CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER

12  CHECKPOINT_TIME                                    DATE

13  UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE#                              NUMBER

14  UNRECOVERABLE_TIME                                 DATE

15  LAST_CHANGE#                                       NUMBER

16  LAST_TIME                                          DATE

17  OFFLINE_CHANGE#                                    NUMBER

18  ONLINE_CHANGE#                                     NUMBER

19  ONLINE_TIME                                        DATE

20  BYTES                                              NUMBER

21  BLOCKS                                             NUMBER

22  CREATE_BYTES                                       NUMBER

23  BLOCK_SIZE                                         NUMBER

24  NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)

25  PLUGGED_IN                                         NUMBER

26  BLOCK1_OFFSET                                      NUMBER

27  AUX_NAME                                           VARCHAR2(513)

28  FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN                                NUMBER

29  FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME                               DATE

30 

31 SQL> col name format a30

32 SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

33 

34      FILE# STATUS  NAME

35 ---------- ------- ------------------------------

36          1 SYSTEM  /u01/oradata/sunbak/system01.dbf

37 

38          2 ONLINE  /u01/oradata/sunbak/undotbs01.dbf

39 

40          3 ONLINE  /u01/oradata/sunbak/sysaux01.dbf

41 

42          4 ONLINE  /u01/oradata/sunbak/users01.dbf

43 

44      FILE# STATUS  NAME

45 ---------- ------- ------------------------------

46          5 ONLINE  /u01/oradata/sunbak/example01.dbf

47 

48          6 OFFLINE /u01/oradata/sunbak/sun01_1.dbf

49 

50 SQL> 

51 SQL> alter database datafile 6 online;

52 

53 Database altered.

54 

55 SQL> 

4.查看恢复数据

 1 SQL> select * from t;

 2 

 3         ID NAME

 4 ---------- ----------------

 5          1 oracle

 6          2 oracle

 7          0 oracle

 8          3 oracle

 9          4 oracle

10 

11 SQL>