Java 微信关注/取消关注事件

Java 微信关注/取消关注事件

  • 一、需求、思路
  • 二、文档、配置
    • 配置步骤1
    • 配置步骤2
  • 三、代码
    • 1、引入依赖包
    • 2、controller
    • 3、封装消息对象
    • 4、service、解密
    • 5、工具包

一、需求、思路

需求:用户订阅/取消订阅公众号时接收消息并保存到数据库中以便后续功能的处理。
思路:配置微信推送地址。接收微信推送的订阅消息(此处是加密的)。解密消息进行存储

二、文档、配置

微信官方地址:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Receiving_standard_messages.html
加解密文档:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Message_encryption_and_decryption_instructions.html
加解密官方例子:https://wximg.gtimg.com/shake_tv/mpwiki/cryptoDemo.zip
Java 微信关注/取消关注事件_第1张图片

用户在关注与取消关注公众号时,微信会把这个事件推送到开发者填写的URL

配置步骤1

微信公众号后台:设置与开发 》基本配置 》服务器配置,点击"修改配置"按钮;
Java 微信关注/取消关注事件_第2张图片

配置步骤2

Java 微信关注/取消关注事件_第3张图片
此处推荐使用安全模式。
URL:是我们用来接收微信消息和事件通知的接口地址(下面会提供代码说明);

Token:随便给个3~32位的数字+英文就好(如:o3MAytzQ0aZ0yB01BzzDG5f&j5gs),这个用作生成签名(该 Token 会和接口 URL 中包含的 Token 进行比对,从而验证安全性)。EncodingAESKey:用作消息体加解密密钥,这个点下随机生成就好,如果下面的“消息加解密方式”非安全模式,用不到。

三、代码

1、引入依赖包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>30.1.1-jre</version>
        </dependency>
		//此处我用的jackson来进行xml和对象的转换
        dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2、controller

提供Get、Post请求接口
1、Get请求:用于你在微信公众号后台,修改配置 和 启用 “服务器配置” 的时候,验证服务安全性(简单讲就是微信会通过这个地址拿你刚刚设置的Token和你代码里的Token对比)

2、Post请求:后续,微信监控到用户的特定操作,然后通过这个接口通知到你,支持以下事件。

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class MessageController {

    @Value("${wechat1.token}")
    private String wxToken;

    @Value("${wechat1.encodingAesKey}")
    private String wxEncodingAesKey;

    @Value("${wechat1.appid}")
    private String wxAppid;

    @Resource
    private WxOpenService wxOpenService;

    @GetMapping(value = {"/message"})
    @ResponseBody
    public String verification(@RequestParam(value = "signature", required = false) String signature,
                               @RequestParam String timestamp,
                               @RequestParam String nonce,
                               @RequestParam(value = "echostr", required = false) String echostr) {
        if (WxOpenSignatureUtil.check(wxToken, timestamp, nonce, signature)) {
            return echostr;
        } else {
            return "Error";
        }
    }

    @PostMapping(value = {"/message"})
    public void messageEvent(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        try {
            //获取请求体
            String fromXml=req.getReader().lines().collect(Collectors.joining(System.lineSeparator()));
            WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(wxToken, wxEncodingAesKey, wxAppid);
            //解密
            String msgBody = pc.decryptMsg(req.getParameter("msg_signature"), req.getParameter("timestamp"), req.getParameter("nonce"), fromXml);
            wxOpenService.messageParse(msgBody);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

3、封装消息对象

WxBaseMessage


import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;
import lombok.Data;

@Data
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class WxBaseMessage {

    /**
     * 接收方帐号(收到的OpenID)
     */
    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "ToUserName")
    private String toUserName;

    /**
     * 开发者微信号
     */
    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "FromUserName")
    private String fromUserName;

    /**
     * 消息创建时间 (整型)
     */
    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "CreateTime")
    private long createTime;

    /**
     * 消息类型
     */
    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "MsgType")
    private String msgType;
}

WxEventMessage

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;
import lombok.Data;
import net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.wx.message.WxBaseMessage;

/**
 * 订阅/取消订阅
 */
@Data
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class WxEventMessage extends WxBaseMessage {

    /**
     * 事件类型
     */
    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "Event")
    private String event;

}

可以封装更多的消息对象。其他的进行省略

4、service、解密

service

    @Override
    public void messageParse(String message) throws JsonProcessingException {
        XmlMapper xmlMapper = new XmlMapper();
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        WxBaseMessage baseMessage = xmlMapper.readValue(message, WxBaseMessage.class);
        //判断是否是事件类型
        if(baseMessage.getMsgType().equals("event")){
            WxEventMessage event=xmlMapper.readValue(message, WxEventMessage.class);
            //订阅
            if(event.getEvent().equals("subscribe")){

            }
            //取消订阅
            if(event.getEvent().equals("unsubscribe")){

            }
        } else if (baseMessage.getMsgType().equals("text")){
            //判断为文本消息
        }
    }

解密WXBizMsgCrypt
其他文件自行下载官方例子
此处有坑:aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + “=”);
官方这样写会报错修改为谷歌的包 aesKey =BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encodingAesKey + “=”);

/**
 * 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码.
 * 
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.
 */

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64,
 * 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9(或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本)
 * 官方下载地址:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi
 */
package net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.aes;

import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * 提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串).
 * 
    *
  1. 第三方回复加密消息给公众平台
  2. *
  3. 第三方收到公众平台发送的消息,验证消息的安全性,并对消息进行解密。
  4. *
* 说明:异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案 *
    *
  1. 在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件(JDK7的下载地址: * http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html
  2. *
  3. 下载后解压,可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt
  4. *
  5. 如果安装了JRE,将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\lib\security目录下覆盖原来的文件
  6. *
  7. 如果安装了JDK,将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\jre\lib\security目录下覆盖原来文件
  8. *
*/
public class WXBizMsgCrypt { static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8"); Base64 base64 = new Base64(); byte[] aesKey; String token; String appId; /** * 构造函数 * @param token 公众平台上,开发者设置的token * @param encodingAesKey 公众平台上,开发者设置的EncodingAESKey * @param appId 公众平台appid * * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String appId) throws AesException { if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) { throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey); } this.token = token; this.appId = appId; // aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "="); aesKey =BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encodingAesKey + "="); } // 生成4个字节的网络字节序 byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) { byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4]; orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF); orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF); orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF); orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF); return orderBytes; } // 还原4个字节的网络字节序 int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) { int sourceNumber = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { sourceNumber <<= 8; sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff; } return sourceNumber; } // 随机生成16位字符串 String getRandomStr() { String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; Random random = new Random(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { int number = random.nextInt(base.length()); sb.append(base.charAt(number)); } return sb.toString(); } /** * 对明文进行加密. * * @param text 需要加密的明文 * @return 加密后base64编码的字符串 * @throws AesException aes加密失败 */ String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException { ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup(); byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET); byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET); byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length); byte[] appidBytes = appId.getBytes(CHARSET); // randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + appid byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes); byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder); byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes); byteCollector.addBytes(appidBytes); // ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充 byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size()); byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes); // 获得最终的字节流, 未加密 byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes(); try { // 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding"); SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES"); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv); // 加密 byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted); // 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码 String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted); return base64Encrypted; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError); } } /** * 对密文进行解密. * * @param text 需要解密的密文 * @return 解密得到的明文 * @throws AesException aes解密失败 */ String decrypt(String text) throws AesException { byte[] original; try { // 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding"); SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES"); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16)); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv); // 使用BASE64对密文进行解码 byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text); // 解密 original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError); } String xmlContent, from_appid; try { // 去除补位字符 byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original); // 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和AppId byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20); int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder); xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET); from_appid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length), CHARSET); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer); } // appid不相同的情况 if (!from_appid.equals(appId)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateAppidError); } return xmlContent; } /** * 将公众平台回复用户的消息加密打包. *
    *
  1. 对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密
  2. *
  3. 生成安全签名
  4. *
  5. 将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式
  6. *
* * @param replyMsg 公众平台待回复用户的消息,xml格式的字符串 * @param timeStamp 时间戳,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的nonce * * @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文,包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串 * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */
public String encryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException { // 加密 String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg); // 生成安全签名 if (timeStamp == "") { timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()); } String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt); // System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString()); // 生成发送的xml String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce); return result; } /** * 检验消息的真实性,并且获取解密后的明文. *
    *
  1. 利用收到的密文生成安全签名,进行签名验证
  2. *
  3. 若验证通过,则提取xml中的加密消息
  4. *
  5. 对消息进行解密
  6. *
* * @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce * @param postData 密文,对应POST请求的数据 * * @return 解密后的原文 * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */
public String decryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData) throws AesException { // 密钥,公众账号的app secret // 提取密文 Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData); // 验证安全签名 String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString()); // 和URL中的签名比较是否相等 // System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名:" + msg_sign); // System.out.println("第三方校验签名:" + signature); if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError); } // 解密 String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString()); return result; } /** * 验证URL * @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce * @param echoStr 随机串,对应URL参数的echostr * * @return 解密之后的echostr * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public String verifyUrl(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr) throws AesException { String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr); if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError); } String result = decrypt(echoStr); return result; } }

5、工具包

WxOpenSignatureUtil


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.wx.AccessTokenResponse;
import net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.wx.JsapiTicketResponse;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@Slf4j
public class WxOpenSignatureUtil {
    public static boolean check(String token, String timestamp, String nonce, String signature) {
        String[] tmpArr = {token, timestamp, nonce};
        tmpArr = Arrays.stream(tmpArr).sorted().collect(Collectors.toList()).toArray(new String[0]);
        String tmpStr = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < tmpArr.length; i++) {
            tmpStr += tmpArr[i];
        }

        tmpStr = sha1(tmpStr);
        if (tmpStr.equals(signature)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public static String sha1(String text) {
        String mySignature = null;
        try {
            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
            md.update(text.getBytes());
            byte[] digest = md.digest();

            StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer();
            String shaHex = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {
                shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF);
                if (shaHex.length() < 2) {
                    hexstr.append(0);
                }
                hexstr.append(shaHex);
            }

            mySignature = hexstr.toString();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            //return "签名验证错误";
        }
        return mySignature;
    }

    public static AccessTokenResponse getAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret) {
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appId + "&secret=" + appSecret;
        WebClient.ResponseSpec retrieve = WebClient.create().get().uri(url).retrieve();
        Mono<AccessTokenResponse> resp =retrieve.bodyToMono(AccessTokenResponse.class)
                .timeout(Duration.of(20, ChronoUnit.SECONDS))
                .doOnError(throwable -> {
                    log.info(throwable.getMessage());
                });
        return resp.block();
    }

    public static JsapiTicketResponse getJsapiTicket(String accessToken) {
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + accessToken + "&type=jsapi";
        Mono<JsapiTicketResponse> resp = WebClient.create().get().uri(url).retrieve().bodyToMono(JsapiTicketResponse.class)
                .timeout(Duration.of(20, ChronoUnit.SECONDS))
                .doOnError(throwable -> {
                    log.info(throwable.getMessage());
                });
        return resp.block();
    }

    public static String signJsApiUrl(String url, String timestamp, String nonce, String jsapiTicket) {
        String[] tmpArr = {"url=" + url, "timestamp=" + timestamp, "noncestr=" + nonce, "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapiTicket};
        tmpArr = Arrays.stream(tmpArr).sorted().collect(Collectors.toList()).toArray(new String[0]);
        String tmpStr = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < tmpArr.length; i++) {
            if (i == 0) {
                tmpStr += tmpArr[i];
            } else {
                tmpStr += "&" + tmpArr[i];
            }
        }

        return sha1(tmpStr);
    }
}

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