需求:用户订阅/取消订阅公众号时接收消息并保存到数据库中以便后续功能的处理。
思路:配置微信推送地址。接收微信推送的订阅消息(此处是加密的)。解密消息进行存储
微信官方地址:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Receiving_standard_messages.html
加解密文档:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Message_encryption_and_decryption_instructions.html
加解密官方例子:https://wximg.gtimg.com/shake_tv/mpwiki/cryptoDemo.zip
用户在关注与取消关注公众号时,微信会把这个事件推送到开发者填写的URL
微信公众号后台:设置与开发 》基本配置 》服务器配置,点击"修改配置"按钮;
此处推荐使用安全模式。
URL:是我们用来接收微信消息和事件通知的接口地址(下面会提供代码说明);
Token:随便给个3~32位的数字+英文就好(如:o3MAytzQ0aZ0yB01BzzDG5f&j5gs),这个用作生成签名(该 Token 会和接口 URL 中包含的 Token 进行比对,从而验证安全性)。EncodingAESKey:用作消息体加解密密钥,这个点下随机生成就好,如果下面的“消息加解密方式”非安全模式,用不到。
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>30.1.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
//此处我用的jackson来进行xml和对象的转换
dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>
提供Get、Post请求接口
1、Get请求:用于你在微信公众号后台,修改配置 和 启用 “服务器配置” 的时候,验证服务安全性(简单讲就是微信会通过这个地址拿你刚刚设置的Token和你代码里的Token对比)
2、Post请求:后续,微信监控到用户的特定操作,然后通过这个接口通知到你,支持以下事件。
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class MessageController {
@Value("${wechat1.token}")
private String wxToken;
@Value("${wechat1.encodingAesKey}")
private String wxEncodingAesKey;
@Value("${wechat1.appid}")
private String wxAppid;
@Resource
private WxOpenService wxOpenService;
@GetMapping(value = {"/message"})
@ResponseBody
public String verification(@RequestParam(value = "signature", required = false) String signature,
@RequestParam String timestamp,
@RequestParam String nonce,
@RequestParam(value = "echostr", required = false) String echostr) {
if (WxOpenSignatureUtil.check(wxToken, timestamp, nonce, signature)) {
return echostr;
} else {
return "Error";
}
}
@PostMapping(value = {"/message"})
public void messageEvent(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
try {
//获取请求体
String fromXml=req.getReader().lines().collect(Collectors.joining(System.lineSeparator()));
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(wxToken, wxEncodingAesKey, wxAppid);
//解密
String msgBody = pc.decryptMsg(req.getParameter("msg_signature"), req.getParameter("timestamp"), req.getParameter("nonce"), fromXml);
wxOpenService.messageParse(msgBody);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
WxBaseMessage
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class WxBaseMessage {
/**
* 接收方帐号(收到的OpenID)
*/
@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "ToUserName")
private String toUserName;
/**
* 开发者微信号
*/
@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "FromUserName")
private String fromUserName;
/**
* 消息创建时间 (整型)
*/
@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "CreateTime")
private long createTime;
/**
* 消息类型
*/
@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "MsgType")
private String msgType;
}
WxEventMessage
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;
import lombok.Data;
import net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.wx.message.WxBaseMessage;
/**
* 订阅/取消订阅
*/
@Data
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class WxEventMessage extends WxBaseMessage {
/**
* 事件类型
*/
@JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "Event")
private String event;
}
可以封装更多的消息对象。其他的进行省略
service
@Override
public void messageParse(String message) throws JsonProcessingException {
XmlMapper xmlMapper = new XmlMapper();
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
WxBaseMessage baseMessage = xmlMapper.readValue(message, WxBaseMessage.class);
//判断是否是事件类型
if(baseMessage.getMsgType().equals("event")){
WxEventMessage event=xmlMapper.readValue(message, WxEventMessage.class);
//订阅
if(event.getEvent().equals("subscribe")){
}
//取消订阅
if(event.getEvent().equals("unsubscribe")){
}
} else if (baseMessage.getMsgType().equals("text")){
//判断为文本消息
}
}
解密WXBizMsgCrypt
其他文件自行下载官方例子
此处有坑:aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + “=”);
官方这样写会报错修改为谷歌的包 aesKey =BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encodingAesKey + “=”);
/**
* 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64,
* 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9(或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本)
* 官方下载地址:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi
*/
package net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.aes;
import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串).
*
* - 第三方回复加密消息给公众平台
* - 第三方收到公众平台发送的消息,验证消息的安全性,并对消息进行解密。
*
* 说明:异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案
*
* - 在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件(JDK7的下载地址:
* http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html
* - 下载后解压,可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt
* - 如果安装了JRE,将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\lib\security目录下覆盖原来的文件
* - 如果安装了JDK,将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\jre\lib\security目录下覆盖原来文件
*
*/
public class WXBizMsgCrypt {
static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
byte[] aesKey;
String token;
String appId;
/**
* 构造函数
* @param token 公众平台上,开发者设置的token
* @param encodingAesKey 公众平台上,开发者设置的EncodingAESKey
* @param appId 公众平台appid
*
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String appId) throws AesException {
if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) {
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey);
}
this.token = token;
this.appId = appId;
// aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "=");
aesKey =BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encodingAesKey + "=");
}
// 生成4个字节的网络字节序
byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) {
byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4];
orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF);
orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF);
return orderBytes;
}
// 还原4个字节的网络字节序
int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) {
int sourceNumber = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sourceNumber <<= 8;
sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff;
}
return sourceNumber;
}
// 随机生成16位字符串
String getRandomStr() {
String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int number = random.nextInt(base.length());
sb.append(base.charAt(number));
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 对明文进行加密.
*
* @param text 需要加密的明文
* @return 加密后base64编码的字符串
* @throws AesException aes加密失败
*/
String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException {
ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup();
byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length);
byte[] appidBytes = appId.getBytes(CHARSET);
// randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + appid
byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder);
byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(appidBytes);
// ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size());
byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes);
// 获得最终的字节流, 未加密
byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes();
try {
// 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
// 加密
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted);
// 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted);
return base64Encrypted;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError);
}
}
/**
* 对密文进行解密.
*
* @param text 需要解密的密文
* @return 解密得到的明文
* @throws AesException aes解密失败
*/
String decrypt(String text) throws AesException {
byte[] original;
try {
// 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv);
// 使用BASE64对密文进行解码
byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text);
// 解密
original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError);
}
String xmlContent, from_appid;
try {
// 去除补位字符
byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original);
// 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和AppId
byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20);
int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder);
xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET);
from_appid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length),
CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer);
}
// appid不相同的情况
if (!from_appid.equals(appId)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateAppidError);
}
return xmlContent;
}
/**
* 将公众平台回复用户的消息加密打包.
*
* - 对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密
* - 生成安全签名
* - 将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式
*
*
* @param replyMsg 公众平台待回复用户的消息,xml格式的字符串
* @param timeStamp 时间戳,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的nonce
*
* @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文,包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String encryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException {
// 加密
String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg);
// 生成安全签名
if (timeStamp == "") {
timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);
// System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString());
// 生成发送的xml
String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce);
return result;
}
/**
* 检验消息的真实性,并且获取解密后的明文.
*
* - 利用收到的密文生成安全签名,进行签名验证
* - 若验证通过,则提取xml中的加密消息
* - 对消息进行解密
*
*
* @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce
* @param postData 密文,对应POST请求的数据
*
* @return 解密后的原文
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String decryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData)
throws AesException {
// 密钥,公众账号的app secret
// 提取密文
Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData);
// 验证安全签名
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString());
// 和URL中的签名比较是否相等
// System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名:" + msg_sign);
// System.out.println("第三方校验签名:" + signature);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
// 解密
String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString());
return result;
}
/**
* 验证URL
* @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce
* @param echoStr 随机串,对应URL参数的echostr
*
* @return 解密之后的echostr
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String verifyUrl(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr)
throws AesException {
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
String result = decrypt(echoStr);
return result;
}
}
WxOpenSignatureUtil
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.wx.AccessTokenResponse;
import net.koalaclass.wx.server.utils.wx.JsapiTicketResponse;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Slf4j
public class WxOpenSignatureUtil {
public static boolean check(String token, String timestamp, String nonce, String signature) {
String[] tmpArr = {token, timestamp, nonce};
tmpArr = Arrays.stream(tmpArr).sorted().collect(Collectors.toList()).toArray(new String[0]);
String tmpStr = "";
for (int i = 0; i < tmpArr.length; i++) {
tmpStr += tmpArr[i];
}
tmpStr = sha1(tmpStr);
if (tmpStr.equals(signature)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
public static String sha1(String text) {
String mySignature = null;
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
md.update(text.getBytes());
byte[] digest = md.digest();
StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer();
String shaHex = "";
for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {
shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF);
if (shaHex.length() < 2) {
hexstr.append(0);
}
hexstr.append(shaHex);
}
mySignature = hexstr.toString();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
//return "签名验证错误";
}
return mySignature;
}
public static AccessTokenResponse getAccessToken(String appId, String appSecret) {
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appId + "&secret=" + appSecret;
WebClient.ResponseSpec retrieve = WebClient.create().get().uri(url).retrieve();
Mono<AccessTokenResponse> resp =retrieve.bodyToMono(AccessTokenResponse.class)
.timeout(Duration.of(20, ChronoUnit.SECONDS))
.doOnError(throwable -> {
log.info(throwable.getMessage());
});
return resp.block();
}
public static JsapiTicketResponse getJsapiTicket(String accessToken) {
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + accessToken + "&type=jsapi";
Mono<JsapiTicketResponse> resp = WebClient.create().get().uri(url).retrieve().bodyToMono(JsapiTicketResponse.class)
.timeout(Duration.of(20, ChronoUnit.SECONDS))
.doOnError(throwable -> {
log.info(throwable.getMessage());
});
return resp.block();
}
public static String signJsApiUrl(String url, String timestamp, String nonce, String jsapiTicket) {
String[] tmpArr = {"url=" + url, "timestamp=" + timestamp, "noncestr=" + nonce, "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapiTicket};
tmpArr = Arrays.stream(tmpArr).sorted().collect(Collectors.toList()).toArray(new String[0]);
String tmpStr = "";
for (int i = 0; i < tmpArr.length; i++) {
if (i == 0) {
tmpStr += tmpArr[i];
} else {
tmpStr += "&" + tmpArr[i];
}
}
return sha1(tmpStr);
}
}