RNA velocity分析练习(三)生成loom文件

系列回顾:
1.RNA velocity分析练习(一)文件下载以及预处理
2.RNA velocity分析练习(二)软件安装

Velocyto软件针对不同测序平台,有不同的方法进行loom文件的提取,你可以参考官网:here来进行操作。

我练习的数据是Smartseq2平台测序结果,所以这里只介绍这一种。

velocyto includes a shortcut to perform the read counting for UMI-less, not stranded, full-length techniques such as SmartSeq2.

根据我之前写的笔记,你需要准备好基因组的annotation文件,和repeat_msk.gtf文件。这一步所需时间取决于你数据的测序深度和电脑配置,但一般不会超过6小时。(实际上我的破电脑真的跑了6个小时。。。)

已经准备好的bam文件:

下载好的基因组注释文件(小鼠):

我这是去年下载的,现在已经更新到v25了

下载并解压好的repeat_msk.gtf文件:

(一)生成loom文件

进入bam文件所在的文件夹:

$ velocyto run_smartseq2 -o /media/yanfang/FYWD/scRNA_seq/RNA_relocity/loom_files/ -m /media/yanfang/FYWD/RNA_seq/ref_genome/mm10_repeat_msk.gtf -e MyTissue /media/yanfang/FYWD/scRNA_seq/RNA_relocity/GSE99933_bam/*.bam /media/yanfang/FYWD/RNA_seq/ref_genome/gencode.vM22.annotation.gtf

(代码里的"MyTissue"这个名字是一会儿生成loom文件的前缀)
-o :输出文件的文件夹
run_smartseq2:指定哪个平台的测序结果

运行过程会弹出很多信息,每读取一个bam文件都会显示几行信息,例如说:

2020-05-19 17:13:10,863 - DEBUG - Reading /media/yanfang/FYWD/scRNA_seq/RNA_relocity/GSE99933_bam/E13.5_P9.bam
2020-05-19 17:13:11,197 - DEBUG - Read first 0 million reads
2020-05-19 17:13:22,762 - DEBUG - Counting for batch 768, containing 1 cells and 419294 reads
2020-05-19 17:13:37,676 - DEBUG - 42428 reads in repeat masked regions
2020-05-19 17:13:37,676 - DEBUG - 191333 reads overlapping with features on plus strand
2020-05-19 17:13:37,677 - DEBUG - 188152 reads overlapping with features on minus strand
2020-05-19 17:13:37,677 - DEBUG - 25321 reads overlapping with features on both strands
2020-05-19 17:13:41,095 - WARNING - The barcode selection mode is off, no cell events will be identified by <80 counts
2020-05-19 17:13:41,095 - WARNING - 0 of the barcodes where without cell

bam文件都读取完成会显示:

2020-05-19 17:13:41,161 - DEBUG - Counting done!
2020-05-19 17:13:41,161 - DEBUG - Example of barcode: E13.5_D9.bam and cell_id: MyTissue:E13.5_D9.bam
2020-05-19 17:13:41,161 - DEBUG - Generating output file /media/yanfang/FYWD/scRNA_seq/RNA_relocity/loom_files/MyTissue.loom
2020-05-19 17:13:41,161 - DEBUG - Collecting row attributes
2020-05-19 17:13:41,324 - DEBUG - Generating data table
2020-05-19 17:13:44,062 - DEBUG - Writing loom file
2020-05-19 17:13:53,902 - DEBUG - Terminated Succesfully!

得到的loom文件:

(二)读取loom文件

参考文章:
https://www.cnblogs.com/raisok/p/12425258.html
http://pklab.med.harvard.edu/velocyto/notebooks/R/SCG71.nb.html
https://satijalab.org/loomR/loomR_tutorial.html
https://bustools.github.io/BUS_notebooks_R/velocity.html

这里用R来进行举例:

> library(devtools)
> install_github("velocyto-team/velocyto.R")
> library(velocyto.R)
#load data
> input_loom <- "MyTissue.loom"
> adata <- read.loom.matrices(input_loom)

可以来看一下adata这个对象里都有什么:

其中spliced和unspliced就是我们需要的成熟的mRNA和未成熟mRNA的数值;spanning的意思是落在intron+exon上的reads count
# Use the spliced data as the input data提取spliced数据
> spliced_adata <- adata$spliced
> dim(spliced_adata)
[1] 55487   768 #5万多个基因,768个细胞

NOTE
你也可以用R直接读取bam文件(针对smartseq2平台的数据),我没有运行过,仅仅是从文献作者提供的代码copy过来(源代码:https://github.com/velocyto-team/velocyto-notebooks/blob/master/R/chromaffin.Rmd):

> path <- "data/e12.5.bams"
> files <- system(paste('find',path,'-name "*unique.bam" -print'),intern=T)
> names(files) <- gsub(".*\\/(.*)_unique.bam","\\1",files)
# parse gene annotation, annotate bam file reads
> dat <- read.smartseq2.bams(files,"data/genes.refFlat",n.cores=40)

到这一步,我们所需要的count矩阵就有了。后面就是RNA velocity的分析过程了。

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