一、练习网址
无需安装Docker直接通过网址进行Docker的学习，访问以下网址直接点击以docker登录
https://labs.play-with-docker.com/
image.png
会有四小时的学习时间，过了四小时就要重新登录才行。
二、Docker镜像下载和运行
拉取最新的nginx
docker pull nginx:latest
拉取指定版本的nginx
$ docker pull nginx:1.13
1.13: Pulling from library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Pull complete
3c091c23e29d: Pull complete
4a99993b8636: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b1d09e9718890e6ebbbd2bc319ef1611559e30ce1b6f56b2e3b479d9da51dc35
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.13
docker.io/library/nginx:1.13
查看下载的镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4f380adfc10f 3 hours ago 133MB
mysql latest 5c62e459e087 3 hours ago 556MB
nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 3 years ago 109MB
运行Nginx镜像
docker run -d -p 81:80 nginx
-d 后台运行
-p 外部端口：内部端口
在网页上方会出来一个81端口，点击81进行访问
image.png
查看运行的容器
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8243a621a060 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp laughing_saha
1343c31176d2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 24 minutes ago Up 24 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp jovial_blackburn
进入运行的容器内部
$ docker exec -it 1343c31176d2 bash
root@1343c31176d2:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@1343c31176d2:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
50x.html index.html
修改index
root@1343c31176d2:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo hlelo > index.html
再次访问81端口会发现页面显示的就是 hello
只跟容器ID的部分也可以（可以区分开其他的容器）
$ docker exec -it 1343 bash
root@1343c31176d2:/#
删除运行的81端口Nginx容器
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8243a621a060 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp laughing_saha
1343c31176d2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 31 minutes ago Up 31 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp jovial_blackburn
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker rm -f 8243
8243
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1343c31176d2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 32 minutes ago Up 32 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp jovial_blackburn
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$
三、Docker的commit
docker commit 运行的容器id 指定一个名字
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eac5302a1da6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp cool_carson
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker commit eac zcnginx
sha256:bd079e1317aee884542e51e1e443a006cdea7b81dce8c1381cd263145229461b
commit后会生个一个zcnginx的镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zcnginx latest bd079e1317ae About a minute ago 133MB
nginx latest 4f380adfc10f 4 hours ago 133MB
mysql latest 5c62e459e087 4 hours ago 556MB
nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 3 years ago 109MB
而且可以运行
$ docker run -d -p 90:80 zcnginx
464746b9322542488e6d6bf19cef7da26b6b304385dae6edc31a8bc72ad8a44b
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
464746b93225 zcnginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp distracted_bardeen
eac5302a1da6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp cool_carson
[node1] (local) [email protected]
四、DockerFile
vim dockerfile 和 vim index.html
内容如下
$ cat dockerfile
FROM nginx
ADD ./ /usr/share/nginx/html
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ cat index.html
this custom dockerfile
构建dockerfile
$ docker build -t zcdf .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 47MB
Step 1/2 : FROM nginx
---> 4f380adfc10f
Step 2/2 : ADD ./ /usr/share/nginx/html
---> dde14dd5cb1b
Successfully built dde14dd5cb1b
Successfully tagged zcdf:latest
测试运行自己通过DockerFile构建成功的镜像
$ docker run -d -p 100:80 zcdf
30a93f367db70b4cdcd1ff8ec5fd374f5fc07d40a296d665f1f02515717ce19d
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
30a93f367db7 zcdf "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:100->80/tcp eloquent_williamson
464746b93225 zcnginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp distracted_bardeen
eac5302a1da6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp cool_carson
五、Docker save
docker save 镜像名 > 保存的文件名.tar
$ docker save zcdf > 1.tar
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ ls
1.tar dockerfile index.html
删除zcdf镜像
删除以zcdf镜像运行的容器
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker rm -f 30a
30a
查看现有镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zcdf latest dde14dd5cb1b 11 minutes ago 180MB
zcnginx latest bd079e1317ae 24 minutes ago 133MB
nginx latest 4f380adfc10f 5 hours ago 133MB
mysql latest 5c62e459e087 5 hours ago 556MB
nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 3 years ago 109MB
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
删除zcdf镜像
$ docker rmi zcdf
Untagged: zcdf:latest
Deleted: sha256:dde14dd5cb1b101d6ce3a0205a1cd9dc91c322e730e7f1e89cd2ed4dd7838e85
Deleted: sha256:0b3e4764eed78399d2c0ba22ef6fbbe88276965a81055d91a3c728d130e12cf7
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
验证是否删除成功
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zcnginx latest bd079e1317ae 24 minutes ago 133MB
nginx latest 4f380adfc10f 5 hours ago 133MB
mysql latest 5c62e459e087 5 hours ago 556MB
nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 3 years ago 109MB
然后加载之前save的文件，会发现zcdf有恢复了
$ ls
1.tar dockerfile index.html
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker load < 1.tar
17ec54357efc: Loading layer 47.01MB/47.01MB
Loaded image: zcdf:latest
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zcdf latest dde14dd5cb1b 16 minutes ago 180MB
zcnginx latest bd079e1317ae 28 minutes ago 133MB
nginx latest 4f380adfc10f 5 hours ago 133MB
mysql latest 5c62e459e087 5 hours ago 556MB
nginx 1.13 ae513a47849c 3 years ago 109MB
六、指定运行容器的名字和文件映射
--name:指定运行容器
-v:外部路径：内部路径，可以进行文件的映射，可以进行数据的保存，将数据保存在外部存储盘中
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~
$ docker run -d -p 92:80 --name zc_run_nginx -v `pwd`:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:1.13
05acc1139c1b47572bd93d58c24b0a19f61f8bb57d00575dc401f4774be2d9f7
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
05acc1139c1b nginx:1.13 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds 0.0.0.0:92->80/tcp zc_run_nginx
464746b93225 zcnginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp distracted_bar
deen
eac5302a1da6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 38 minutes ago Up 37 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp cool_carson
[node1] (local) [email protected] ~