EXPLAIN 或 DESCRIBE语句的语法形式如下:
EXPLAIN SELECT select_options
或者
DESCRIBE SELECT select_options
如果我们想看看某个查询的执行计划的话,可以在具体的查询语句前边加一个EXPLAIN ,就像这样:
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT 1;
EXPLAIN 语句输出的各个列的作用如下:
CREATE TABLE s1 (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
key1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key2 INT,
key3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key_part1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key_part2 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key_part3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
common_field VARCHAR ( 100 ),
PRIMARY KEY ( id ),
INDEX idx_key1 ( key1 ),
UNIQUE INDEX idx_key2 ( key2 ),
INDEX idx_key3 ( key3 ),
INDEX idx_key_part ( key_part1, key_part2, key_part3 )
) ENGINE = INNODB CHARSET = utf8;
CREATE TABLE s2 (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
key1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key2 INT,
key3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key_part1 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key_part2 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
key_part3 VARCHAR ( 100 ),
common_field VARCHAR ( 100 ),
PRIMARY KEY ( id ),
INDEX idx_key1 ( key1 ),
UNIQUE INDEX idx_key2 ( key2 ),
INDEX idx_key3 ( key3 ),
INDEX idx_key_part ( key_part1, key_part2, key_part3 )
) ENGINE = INNODB CHARSET = utf8;
设置参数 log_bin_trust_function_creators
创建函数,假如报错,需开启如下命令:允许创建函数设置:
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators=1; # 不加global只是当前窗口有效。
创建函数
DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION rand_string1 ( n INT ) RETURNS VARCHAR ( 255 ) #该函数会返回一个字符串
BEGIN
DECLARE
chars_str VARCHAR ( 100 ) DEFAULT 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFJHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
DECLARE
return_str VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT '';
DECLARE
i INT DEFAULT 0;
WHILE
i < n DO
SET return_str = CONCAT(
return_str,
SUBSTRING( chars_str, FLOOR( 1+RAND ()* 52 ), 1 ));
SET i = i + 1;
END WHILE;
RETURN return_str;
END //
DELIMITER;
创建存储过程
创建往s1表中插入数据的存储过程:
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_s1 (
IN min_num INT ( 10 ),
IN max_num INT ( 10 )) BEGIN
DECLARE
i INT DEFAULT 0;
SET autocommit = 0;
REPEAT
SET i = i + 1;
INSERT INTO s1
VALUES
(
( min_num + i ),
rand_string1 ( 6 ),
( min_num + 30 * i + 5 ),
rand_string1 ( 6 ),
rand_string1 ( 10 ),
rand_string1 ( 5 ),
rand_string1 ( 10 ),
rand_string1 ( 10 ));
UNTIL i = max_num
END REPEAT;
COMMIT;
END //
DELIMITER;
创建往s2表中插入数据的存储过程:
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_s2 (
IN min_num INT ( 10 ),
IN max_num INT ( 10 )) BEGIN
DECLARE
i INT DEFAULT 0;
SET autocommit = 0;
REPEAT
SET i = i + 1;
INSERT INTO s2
VALUES
(
( min_num + i ),
rand_string1 ( 6 ),
( min_num + 30 * i + 5 ),
rand_string1 ( 6 ),
rand_string1 ( 10 ),
rand_string1 ( 5 ),
rand_string1 ( 10 ),
rand_string1 ( 10 ));
UNTIL i = max_num
END REPEAT;
COMMIT;
END //
DELIMITER;
调用存储过程
s1表数据的添加:加入1万条记录:
CALL insert_s1(10001,10000);
s2表数据的添加:加入1万条记录:
CALL insert_s2(10001,10000);
不论我们的查询语句有多复杂,里边儿包含了多少个表,到最后也是需要对每个表进行单表访问的,所以MySQL规定EXPLAIN语句输出的每条记录都对应着某个单表的访问方法,该条记录的table列代表着该表的表名(有时不是真实的表名字,可能是简称)。
我们写的查询语句一般都以SELECT 关键字开头,比较简单的查询语句里只有一个SELECT 关键字,比如下边这个查询语句:
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ref | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 1 | SIMPLE | s2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 2 | SUBQUERY | s2 | NULL | index | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key2 FROM s2 WHERE common_field
-> = 'a');
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | s2 | NULL | ref | idx_key2 | idx_key2 | 5 | atguigudb1.s1.key1 | 1 | 10.00 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION SELECT * FROM s2;
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 2 | UNION | s2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Using temporary |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM s2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 2 | UNION | s2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 1 | SIMPLE | s2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION SELECT * FROM s2;
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 2 | UNION | s2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Using temporary |
+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 2 | SUBQUERY | s2 | NULL | index | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE s1.key2 =
-> s2.key2) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2 | NULL | ref | idx_key2,idx_key1 | idx_key2 | 5 | atguigudb1.s1.key2 | 1 | 10.00 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE key1 =
-> 'a' UNION SELECT key1 FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'b');
+----+--------------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2 | NULL | ref | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using where; Using index |
| 3 | DEPENDENT UNION | s1 | NULL | ref | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using where; Using index |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union2,3> | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Using temporary |
+----+--------------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+--------------------------+
4 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM (SELECT key1, count(*) as c FROM s1 GROUP BY key1) AS
-> derived_s1 where c > 1;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 33.33 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | s1 | NULL | index | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2);
+----+--------------+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | <subquery2> | NULL | eq_ref | <auto_key> | <auto_key> | 303 | atguigudb1.s1.key1 | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 2 | MATERIALIZED | s2 | NULL | index | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+--------------+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
完整的访问方法如下: system , const , eq_ref , ref , fulltext , ref_or_null ,index_merge , unique_subquery , index_subquery , range , index , ALL 。
system
mysql> CREATE TABLE t(i int) Engine=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
然后我们看一下查询这个表的执行计划:
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t | NULL | system | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
const
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE id = 10005;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
eq_ref
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 1 | SIMPLE | s2 | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | atguigudb1.s1.id | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
从执行计划的结果中可以看出,MySQL打算将s2作为驱动表,s1作为被驱动表,重点关注s1的访问方法是eq_ref ,表明在访问s1表的时候可以通过主键的等值匹配来进行访问。
ref
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ref | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
ref_or_null
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a' OR key1 IS NULL;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ref_or_null | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | const | 2 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
index_merge
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a' OR key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | index_merge | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key1,idx_key3 | 303,303 | NULL | 2 | 100.00 | Using union(idx_key1,idx_key3); Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
从执行计划的type 列的值是index_merge 就可以看出,MySQL 打算使用索引合并的方式来执行对s1 表的查询。
unique_subquery
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2 IN (SELECT id FROM s2 where s1.key1 =
-> s2.key1) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+-----------------+------------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+-----------------+------------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2 | NULL | unique_subquery | PRIMARY,idx_key1 | PRIMARY | 4 | func | 1 | 10.00 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+-----------------+------------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
index_subquery
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE common_field IN (SELECT key3 FROM s2 where
-> s1.key1 = s2.key1) OR key3 = 'a';
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | s1 | NULL | ALL | idx_key3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | s2 | NULL | ref | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key1 | 303 | atguigudb1.s1.key1 | 1 | 10.00 | Using where |
+----+--------------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+--------------------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
range
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN ('a', 'b', 'c');
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | range | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 3 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
range
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'a' AND key1 < 'b';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | range | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 369 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
index
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key_part2 FROM s1 WHERE key_part3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_key_part | 909 | NULL | 9895 | 10.00 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+--------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
ALL
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
结果值从最好到最坏依次是: system > const > eq_ref > ref > fulltext > ref_or_null > index_merge >unique_subquery > index_subquery > range > index > ALL 其中比较重要的几个提取出来(见上图中的蓝色)。SQL 性能优化的目标:至少要达到 range 级别,要求是 ref 级别,最好是 consts级别。(阿里巴巴开发手册要求)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z' AND key3 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ref | idx_key1,idx_key3 | idx_key3 | 303 | const | 1 | 5.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+-------------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2 = 10126;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | const | idx_key2 | idx_key2 | 5 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
key_len的长度计算公式:
varchar(10)变长字段且允许NULL = 10 * ( character set:
utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)+2(变长字段)
varchar(10)变长字段且不允许NULL = 10 * ( character set:utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+2(变长字段)
char(10)固定字段且允许NULL = 10 * ( character set:utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)+1(NULL)
char(10)固定字段且不允许NULL = 10 * ( character set:utf8=3,gbk=2,latin1=1)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 1 | SIMPLE | s2 | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | atguigudb1.s1.id | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+----------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s2.key1 = UPPER(s1.key1);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | NULL |
| 1 | SIMPLE | s2 | NULL | ref | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | func | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | range | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 364 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 > 'z' AND common_field = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | range | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 364 | 10.00 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE 1 != 1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Impossible WHERE |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE common_field = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 9895 | 10.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT MIN(key1) FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'abcdefg';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | No matching min/max row |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key1 FROM s1 WHERE key1 = 'a';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | ref | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 ORDER BY key1 LIMIT 10;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT key1, COUNT(*) AS amount FROM s1 GROUP BY key1;
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | s1 | NULL | index | idx_key1 | idx_key1 | 303 | NULL | 9895 | 100.00 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
JSON格式:在EXPLAIN单词和真正的查询语句中间加上FORMAT=JSON 。
EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON SELECT ....
mysql> EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON SELECT s1.key1, s2.key1 FROM s1 LEFT JOIN s2 ON s1.key1 = s2.key1 WHERE s2.common_field is not null;
| {
"query_block": {
"select_id": 1,
"cost_info": {
"query_cost": "12762.60"
},
"nested_loop": [
{
"table": {
"table_name": "s2",
"access_type": "ALL",
"possible_keys": [
"idx_key1"
],
"rows_examined_per_scan": 9895,
"rows_produced_per_join": 8905,
"filtered": "90.00",
"cost_info": {
"read_cost": "294.90",
"eval_cost": "1781.10",
"prefix_cost": "2076.00",
"data_read_per_join": "15M"
},
"used_columns": [
"key1",
"common_field"
],
"attached_condition": "((`atguigudb1`.`s2`.`common_field` is not null) and (`atguigudb1`.`s2`.`key1` is not null))"
}
},
{
"table": {
"table_name": "s1",
"access_type": "ref",
"possible_keys": [
"idx_key1"
],
"key": "idx_key1",
"used_key_parts": [
"key1"
],
"key_length": "303",
"ref": [
"atguigudb1.s2.key1"
],
"rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
"rows_produced_per_join": 8905,
"filtered": "100.00",
"using_index": true,
"cost_info": {
"read_cost": "8905.50",
"eval_cost": "1781.10",
"prefix_cost": "12762.60",
"data_read_per_join": "15M"
},
"used_columns": [
"key1"
]
}
}
]
}
} |
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
"cost_info": {
"read_cost": "294.90",
"eval_cost": "1781.10",
"prefix_cost": "2076.00",
"data_read_per_join": "15M"
},
read_cost 是由下边这两部分组成的:
小贴士: rows和filter都是我们前边介绍执行计划的输出列,在JSON格式的执行计划中,rows相当于rows_examined_per_scan,filtered名称不变。
检测 rows × filter 条记录的成本。
prefix_cost 就是单独查询s1 表的成本,也就是:read_cost + eval_cost
data_read_per_join 表示在此次查询中需要读取的数据量。
对于s2 表的"cost_info" 部分是这样的:
"cost_info": {
"read_cost": "8905.50",
"eval_cost": "1781.10",
"prefix_cost": "12762.60",
"data_read_per_join": "15M"
},
由于s2 表是被驱动表,所以可能被读取多次,这里的read_cost
和eval_cost
是访问多次s2 表后累加起来的值,大家主要关注里边儿的prefix_cost
的值代表的是整个连接查询预计的成本,也就是单次查询s1 表和多次查询s2 表后的成本的和,也就是:
8905.50+1781.1+2076=12762.6
索引情况
#1. 查询冗余索引
select * from sys.schema_redundant_indexes;
#2. 查询未使用过的索引
select * from sys.schema_unused_indexes;
#3. 查询索引的使用情况
select index_name,rows_selected,rows_inserted,rows_updated,rows_deleted
from sys.schema_index_statistics where table_schema='dbname' ;
表相关
# 1. 查询表的访问量
select table_schema,table_name,sum(io_read_requests+io_write_requests) as io from
sys.schema_table_statistics group by table_schema,table_name order by io desc;
# 2. 查询占用bufferpool较多的表
select object_schema,object_name,allocated,data
from sys.innodb_buffer_stats_by_table order by allocated limit 10;
# 3. 查看表的全表扫描情况
select * from sys.statements_with_full_table_scans where db='dbname';
语句相关
#1. 监控SQL执行的频率
select db,exec_count,query from sys.statement_analysis
order by exec_count desc;
#2. 监控使用了排序的SQL
select db,exec_count,first_seen,last_seen,query
from sys.statements_with_sorting limit 1;
#3. 监控使用了临时表或者磁盘临时表的SQL
select db,exec_count,tmp_tables,tmp_disk_tables,query
from sys.statement_analysis where tmp_tables>0 or tmp_disk_tables >0
order by (tmp_tables+tmp_disk_tables) desc;
IO相关
#1. 查看消耗磁盘IO的文件
select file,avg_read,avg_write,avg_read+avg_write as avg_io
from sys.io_global_by_file_by_bytes order by avg_read limit 10;
Innodb 相关
#1. 行锁阻塞情况
select * from sys.innodb_lock_waits;