华为云云耀云服务器L实例评测｜基于L实例安装Prometheus+Grafana插件实现数据可视化监控

一、云耀云服务器介绍

• 云耀云服务器的优势

• 多种产品规格，满足广大开发者的需求

• 拥有丰富的应用场景，和简洁的部署方式

二、安装Prometheus

# 下载
[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.45.0/prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# tar -zxvf prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# 更名
cd /usr/local/  &&  mv prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64 prometheus  &&  cd prometheus

创建prometheus.service配置文件

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus --storage.tsdb.retention=15d --log.level=info            
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动prometheus服务

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start prometheus && systemctl enable prometheus && systemctl status prometheus

查看prometheus服务进程

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# netstat -lntp | grep prometheus

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 prometheus]# netstat -lntp | grep prometheus
tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      30237/prometheus

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三、安装node_exporter

下载node_exporter组件包

# 下载
[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# 更名
[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# cd /usr/local && mv node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter && cd node_exporter

创建node_exporter.service配置文件

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动node_exproter服务

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start node_exporter && systemctl enable node_exporter && systemctl status node_exporter

配置prometheus.yml文件

• 修改Prometheus.yml

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 ~]# cat prometheus.yml
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
       - 127.0.0.1:9093
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "rules/*.yml"
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']  # 如果对本机node_exporter监控，加入,'localhost:9100'
  
  - job_name: '云耀云服务器监控'
  #重写了全局抓取间隔时间，由15秒重写成5秒。
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['121.37.153.196:9100']

• 检验prometheus.yml配置是否有效

./promtool check config prometheus.yml

输出内容如下：

[root@hcss-ecs-2d95 prometheus]# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

• 重启prometheus服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart prometheus && systemctl status prometheus

• 重启node_exporter服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart prometheus && systemctl status prometheus

访问Prometheus

• http://IP地址:9090/targets

注意：访问相应的服务时，需要找到对应的云主机，在安全组内开启相应的端口，允许放行。

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四、安装Grafana

下载并安装Grafana

# 下载
wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-10.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

# 安装
yum install -y grafana-enterprise-10.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

• 启动grafana服务

systemctl start grafana-server.service && systemctl enable grafana-server.service && systemctl status grafana-server.service

• 查看grafana进程

netstat -lntp | grep grafana

访问Grafana

• 访问Grafana网页，即访问http://BastionIP地址:3000。注意：需要开启对应云主机安全组内的端口，允许放行此端口，才可以访问。

• 输入用户名和密码（初始密码：admin）

• 修改新密码

• 添加数据源Prometheus

• 导入仪表盘

• 输入仪表盘编号

• 选择数据源，点击import

• Grafana可视化数据展示完成。

本实验基于华为云云耀云服务器，采用Prometheus+Grafana的安装部署方式实现对Linux系统主机的统一监控，Prometheus自带有监控功能，但不能简洁直观的反映出被监控端的详细信息。这时，采用grafana中提供的丰富的Dashboard页面，简洁直观的显示系统的各个参数的详细情况，给人焕然一新的感觉，便于维护管理。

五、参考链接

https://grafana.com/

https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases

https://prometheus.io/

https://www.huaweicloud.com/product/hecs-light.html

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完结

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