史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程
目录(?)[+]
http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html
一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
- <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xmlparam-value>
- init-param>
- servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
- servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
- xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
- <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
- <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
- <mvc:annotation-driven />
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
- id="internalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
- bean>
- beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/mvc")
- public class mvcController {
- @RequestMapping("/hello")
- public String hello(){
- return "hello";
- }
- }
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
- //match automatically
- @RequestMapping("/person")
- public String toPerson(String name,double age){
- System.out.println(name+" "+age);
- return "hello";
- }
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
- package test.SpringMVC.model;
- public class Person {
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- private String name;
- private int age;
- }
2.在Controller里编写方法
- //boxing automatically
- @RequestMapping("/person1")
- public String toPerson(Person p){
- System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
- return "hello";
- }
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
- //the parameter was converted in initBinder
- @RequestMapping("/date")
- public String date(Date date){
- System.out.println(date);
- return "hello";
- }
- //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
- @InitBinder
- public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
- binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
- true));
- }
七、向前台传递参数
- //pass the parameters to front-end
- @RequestMapping("/show")
- public String showPerson(Map
map){ - Person p =new Person();
- map.put("p", p);
- p.setAge(20);
- p.setName("jayjay");
- return "show";
- }
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
- //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
- @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
- public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
- pw.write("hello,"+name);
- }
- @RequestMapping("/name")
- public String sayHello(){
- return "name";
- }
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
- $(function(){
- $("#btn").click(function(){
- $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
- alert(data);
- });
- });
- });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
- //redirect
- @RequestMapping("/redirect")
- public String redirect(){
- return "redirect:hello";
- }
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
- <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
- <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000">property>
- bean>
3.方法代码
- @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
- MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
- MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
- String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
- "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
- fos.write(file.getBytes());
- fos.flush();
- fos.close();
- return "hello";
- }
4.前台form表单
- <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
- <input type="file" name="file"><br>
- <input type="submit" value="submit">
- form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/test")
- public class mvcController1 {
- @RequestMapping(value="/param")
- public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
- @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
- System.out.println(id+" "+name);
- return "/hello";
- }
- }
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/rest")
- public class RestController {
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("get"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("post"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
- public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("put"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
- public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("delete"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
- }
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
- <filter>
- <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-class>
- filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilterfilter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
- filter-mapping>
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
- <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
- <input type="submit" value="put">
- form>
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
- <input type="submit" value="post">
- form>
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
- <input type="submit" value="get">
- form>
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
- <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
- <input type="submit" value="delete">
- form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/json")
- public class jsonController {
- @ResponseBody
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public User get(){
- User u = new User();
- u.setId(1);
- u.setName("jayjay");
- u.setBirth(new Date());
- return u;
- }
- }
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
- @ExceptionHandler
- public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
- ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
- mv.addObject("exception", ex);
- System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
- return mv;
- }
- @RequestMapping("/error")
- public String error(){
- int i = 5/0;
- return "hello";
- }
2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
- @ControllerAdvice
- public class testControllerAdvice {
- @ExceptionHandler
- public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
- ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
- mv.addObject("exception", ex);
- System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
- return mv;
- }
- }
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
- <property name="exceptionMappings">
- <props>
- <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">errorprop>
- props>
- property>
- bean>
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
- public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
- @Override
- public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
- HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
- throws Exception {
- System.out.println("afterCompletion");
- }
- @Override
- public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
- Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("postHandle");
- }
- @Override
- public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
- Object arg2) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("preHandle");
- return true;
- }
- }
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
- <mvc:interceptors>
- <mvc:interceptor>
- <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
- <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor">bean>
- mvc:interceptor>
- mvc:interceptors>
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
- public class User {
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public Date getBirth() {
- return birth;
- }
- public void setBirth(Date birth) {
- this.birth = birth;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
- }
- private int id;
- @NotEmpty
- private String name;
- @Past
- @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
- private Date birth;
- }
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
- <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
- id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
- name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
- birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
- <input type="submit" value="submit">
- form:form>
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/form")
- public class formController {
- @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
- if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
- return "addUser";
- }
- return "showUser";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public String add(Map
map){ - map.put("user",new User());
- return "addUser";
- }
- }
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
- <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
- <property name="basename" value="locale">property>
- bean>
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号 password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
- <body>
- <fmt:message key="username">fmt:message>
- <fmt:message key="password">fmt:message>
- body>
在SpringMVC中配置
- <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
- public class User {
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public Date getBirth() {
- return birth;
- }
- public void setBirth(Date birth) {
- this.birth = birth;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
- }
- private int id;
- @NotEmpty
- private String name;
- @Past
- @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
- private Date birth;
- }
3.UserService类
- @Component
- public class UserService {
- public UserService(){
- System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
- }
- public void save(){
- System.out.println("save");
- }
- }
4.UserController
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/integrate")
- public class UserController {
- @Autowired
- private UserService userService;
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
- System.out.println(u);
- userService.save();
- return "hello";
- }
- }
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
- xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
- "
- xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- >
- <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
- <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
- <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
- context:component-scan>
- beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
- listener>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
- <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
- context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
- <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
- <context:include-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
- <context:include-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
- context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
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