若是Python2.7:
no encoding declared 错误在头上添加:#coding:utf-8
替换(Python3.4):
import re
f = open("foo.txt")
line = f.readline()
ln=34
while line:
reobj = re.compile("value\(0\)")
ln+=1
# print(reobj.findall(line))
r="value("+str(ln)+")"
result,number = reobj.subn(r,line)
print(result.strip("\r\n"))
line = f.readline()
f.close()
参考:
re.match 尝试从字符串的开始匹配一个模式,如:下面的例子匹配第一个单词。
re.match的函数原型为:re.match(pattern, string, flags)
第一个参数是正则表达式,这里为"(/w+)/s",如果匹配成功,则返回一个Match,否则返回一个None;
第二个参数表示要匹配的字符串;
第三个参数是标致位,用于控制正则表达式的匹配方式,如:是否区分大小写,多行匹配等等。
re.search函数会在字符串内查找模式匹配,只到找到第一个匹配然后返回,如果字符串没有匹配,则返回None。
re.search的函数原型为: re.search(pattern, string, flags)
每个参数的含意与re.match一样。
re.match与re.search的区别:re.match只匹配字符串的开始,如果字符串开始不符合正则表达式,则匹配失败,函数返回None;而re.search匹配整个字符串,直到找到一个匹配。
re.sub用于替换字符串中的匹配项。下面一个例子将字符串中的空格 ' ' 替换成 '-' :
re.sub的函数原型为:re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count)
其中第二个函数是替换后的字符串;本例中为'-'
第四个参数指替换个数。默认为0,表示每个匹配项都替换。
re.sub还允许使用函数对匹配项的替换进行复杂的处理。如:re.sub(r'/s', lambda m: '[' + m.group(0) + ']', text, 0);将字符串中的空格' '替换为'[ ]'。
可以使用re.split来分割字符串,如:re.split(r'/s+', text);将字符串按空格分割成一个单词列表。
re.findall可以获取字符串中所有匹配的字符串。如:re.findall(r'/w*oo/w*', text);获取字符串中,包含'oo'的所有单词。
可以把正则表达式编译成一个正则表达式对象。可以把那些经常使用的正则表达式编译成正则表达式对象,这样可以提高一定的效率。下面是一个正则表达式对象的一个例子:
Python正则表达式的用法
用newstring替换subject中所有与正则表达式regex匹配的子串
result, number = re.subn(regex, newstring, subject)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
result, number = reobj.subn(newstring, subject)
result = re.split(regex, subject)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
result = reobj.split(subject)
下面列出Python正则表达式的几种匹配用法:
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
if re.search(regex, subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
regex=ur"...\Z" #正则表达式末尾以\Z结束
if re.match(regex, subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
(Get the part of a string matched by the regex)
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
result = match.group()
else:
result = ""
(Get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
result = match.group(1)
else:
result = ""
(Get the part of a string matched by a named group)
regex=ur"..." #正则表达式
match = re.search(regex, subject)
if match:
result = match.group("groupname")
else:
result = ""
(Get an array of all regex matches in a string)
result = re.findall(regex, subject)
(Iterate over all matches in a string)
for match in re.finditer(r"<(.*?)\s*.*?/\1>", subject)
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
(Create an object to use the same regex for many operations)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
(use regex object for if/else branch whether (part of) a string can be matched)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
if reobj.search(subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
(use regex object for if/else branch whether a string can be matched entirely)
reobj = re.compile(r"\Z") #正则表达式末尾以\Z 结束
if reobj.match(subject):
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
(Create an object with details about how the regex object matches (part of) a string)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()
do_something()
else:
do_anotherthing()
(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by the regex)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
result = match.group()
else:
result = ""
(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
result = match.group(1)
else:
result = ""
(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a named group)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
match = reobj.search(subject)
if match:
result = match.group("groupname")
else:
result = ""
(Use regex object to get an array of all regex matches in a string)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
result = reobj.findall(subject)
(Use regex object to iterate over all matches in a string)
reobj = re.compile(regex)
for match in reobj.finditer(subject):
# match start: match.start()
# match end (exclusive): match.end()
# matched text: match.group()