概要
本文仅仅是对廖雪峰老师的使用元类自定义ORM进行改进,并不是要创建一个ORM框架
编写field
class Field(object):
def __init__(self, column_type,max_length,**kwargs):
'''
1,删除了参数name,field参数全部为定义字段类型相关参数,和众多有名的orm相同
2,使用反射,方便字段的扩展,如本例使用deafault就是反射的应用
'''
self.column_type = column_type #字段类型
self.max_length=max_length #字段长度
self.default=None #字段默认值,如果想扩展可以填写更多的参数
if kwargs:
for k,v in kwargs.items():
if hasattr(self,k):
setattr(self,k,v)
def __str__(self):
return '<%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__)
class StringField(Field):
def __init__(self,max_length,**kwargs):
super().__init__(column_type='varchar({})'.format(max_length),max_length=max_length,**kwargs)
class IntegerField(Field):
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
super().__init__(column_type='bigint',max_length=8)
编写metaclass
class ModelMetaclass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
if name=='Model':
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
mappings = dict()
for k, v in attrs.items():
#print('k={},v={}'.format(k,v))
if isinstance(v, Field):
mappings[k] = v
for k in mappings.keys():
attrs.pop(k)
attrs['__mappings__'] = mappings # 保存属性和列的映射关系
attrs['__table__'] = attrs.get('Meta').table or name # 假设表名和类名一致
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
编写model
class Model(dict, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
def __init__(self, **kw):
super(Model, self).__init__(**kw)
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(r"'Model' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def save(self):
fields = []
params = []
for k, v in self.__mappings__.items():
fields.append(k)
params.append(getattr(self, k,v.default))
sql = 'insert into {} ({}) values ({})'.format(self.__table__, self.join(fields) ,self.join(params))
print('SQL: %s' % sql)
#自己写了一个join函数,廖雪峰老师使用自带join,无法处理数字等非字符串类型
import functools
def join(self,attrs,pattern=','):
return functools.reduce(lambda x,y:'{}{}{}'.format(x,pattern,y),attrs)
测试
class User(Model):
#使用Meta,能自定义表的相关信息
class Meta:
#自定义表名
table='users'
# 定义类的属性到列的映射:
id = IntegerField()
name = StringField(max_length=50)
email = StringField(max_length=50,default='[email protected]')
password = StringField(max_length=50)
if __name__=="__main__":
# 创建一个实例:
u=User(id=234,name='jane',password='pwd')
# 保存到数据库:
u.save()
#打印结果;SQL: insert into users (id,name,email,password) values (234,jane,[email protected],pwd)
引用
1, 廖雪峰:使用元类
2, github:本文源码