MIME之Base64编解码

Base64是MIME邮件中常用的编码方式之一。它的主要思想是将输入的字符串或数据编码成只含有{'A'-'Z', 'a'-'z', '0'-'9', '+', '/'}这64个可打印字符的串,故称为“Base64”。

Base64编码的方法是,将输入数据流每次取6 bit,用此6 bit的值(0-63)作为索引去查表,输出相应字符。这样,每3个字节将编码为4个字符(3×8 → 4×6);不满4个字符的以'='填充。

const char EnBase64Tab[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
 
int EncodeBase64(const unsigned char* pSrc, char* pDst, int nSrcLen, int nMaxLineLen)
{
    unsigned char c1, c2, c3;    // 输入缓冲区读出3个字节
    int nDstLen = 0;             // 输出的字符计数
    int nLineLen = 0;            // 输出的行长度计数
    int nDiv = nSrcLen / 3;      // 输入数据长度除以3得到的倍数
    int nMod = nSrcLen % 3;      // 输入数据长度除以3得到的余数
 
    // 每次取3个字节,编码成4个字符
    for (int i = 0; i < nDiv; i ++)
    {
        // 取3个字节
        c1 = *pSrc++;
        c2 = *pSrc++;
        c3 = *pSrc++;
 
        // 编码成4个字符
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[c1 >> 2];
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[((c1 << 4) | (c2 >> 4)) & 0x3f];
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[((c2 << 2) | (c3 >> 6)) & 0x3f];
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[c3 & 0x3f];
        nLineLen += 4;
        nDstLen += 4;
 
        // 输出换行?
        if (nLineLen > nMaxLineLen - 4)
        {
            *pDst++ = '\r';
            *pDst++ = '\n';
            nLineLen = 0;
            nDstLen += 2;
        }
    }
 
    // 编码余下的字节
    if (nMod == 1)
    {
        c1 = *pSrc++;
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[(c1 & 0xfc) >> 2];
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[((c1 & 0x03) << 4)];
        *pDst++ = '=';
        *pDst++ = '=';
        nLineLen += 4;
        nDstLen += 4;
    }
    else if (nMod == 2)
    {
        c1 = *pSrc++;
        c2 = *pSrc++;
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[(c1 & 0xfc) >> 2];
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[((c1 & 0x03) << 4) | ((c2 & 0xf0) >> 4)];
        *pDst++ = EnBase64Tab[((c2 & 0x0f) << 2)];
        *pDst++ = '=';
        nDstLen += 4;
    }
 
    // 输出加个结束符
    *pDst = '\0';
 
    return nDstLen;
}

Base64解码方法中,最简单的也是查表法:将64个可打印字符的值作为索引,查表得到的值(范围为0-63)依次连起来,拼凑成字节形式输出,就得到解码结果。

const char DeBase64Tab[] =
{
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    62,        // '+'
    0, 0, 0,
    63,        // '/'
    52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,        // '0'-'9'
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
    13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,        // 'A'-'Z'
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
    39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,        // 'a'-'z'
};
 
int DecodeBase64(const char* pSrc, unsigned char* pDst, int nSrcLen)
{
    int nDstLen;            // 输出的字符计数
    int nValue;             // 解码用到的长整数
    int i;
 
    i = 0;
    nDstLen = 0;
 
    // 取4个字符,解码到一个长整数,再经过移位得到3个字节
    while (i < nSrcLen)
    {
        if (*pSrc != '\r' && *pSrc!='\n')
        {
            nValue = DeBase64Tab[*pSrc++] << 18;
            nValue += DeBase64Tab[*pSrc++] << 12;
            *pDst++ = (nValue & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
            nDstLen++;
 
            if (*pSrc != '=')
            {
                nValue += DeBase64Tab[*pSrc++] << 6;
                *pDst++ = (nValue & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
                nDstLen++;
 
                if (*pSrc != '=')
                {
                    nValue += DeBase64Tab[*pSrc++];
                    *pDst++ =nValue & 0x000000ff;
                    nDstLen++;
                }
            }
 
            i += 4;
        }
        else        // 回车换行,跳过
        {
            pSrc++;
            i++;
        }
     }
 
    // 输出加个结束符
    *pDst = '\0';
 
    return nDstLen;
}

 

[相关资源]

  • RFC/STD文档:Internet FAQ Archives
  • bhw98的专栏:http://www.csdn.net/develop/author/netauthor/bhw98/

    首次发布: 2003-06-23
    最后修订: 2003-07-21

     

  • 你可能感兴趣的:(base64)